Examples for Chapter 16

University Physics
Dr. Peter J. Nolan

"Physics for Science and Engineering Students"

Dr. Peter J. Nolan, Prof. Physics, SUNY, Farmingdale
Chapter 16 Temperature and Heat
Computer Assisted Instruction
Interactive Examples

Example 16.7
Converting ice to steam. Let us compute the thermal energy that is necessary to
convert 5.00 kg of ice at -20.0 0C to superheated steam at 120 0C.
Initial Conditions
mi =
5 kg
tii =

cw =

-20 0C

4186 J/kg 0C

Lf =

3.34E+05 J/kg
2.26E+06 J/kg

ci =

2093 J/kg 0C

Lv =

cs =

2013 J/kg 0C

tfs =

120 0C

Solution.
The necessary thermal energy is given by
Q = Qi + Qf + Qw + Qv + Qs
Where Qi is the amount of thermal energy necessary to warm up the ice from - 20.0 0C
to 0 0C and is found from
Qi = mi ci (0 - tii)
Qi = (

5 kg) x

Qi =

2093 J/kg 0C)

x [(
0 0C)

-20 0C)]

2.09E+05 J

The latent heat of fusion Lf is the amount of heat needed per kilogram to melt the ice.
The total amount of heat needed to melt all the ice Q f is the heat of fusion times the
number of kilograms of ice present. Hence, the thermal energy needed to melt the ice
Qf = mi Lf
is
Qf = (

5 kg) x ( 3.34E+05 J/kg)

Qf = 1.67E+06 J

The thermal energy needed to warm the water from 0 0C to 100 0C is Qw and is given
by

Qw = mw cw (100 - 0)
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Examples for Chapter 16

University Physics
Dr. Peter J. Nolan

Qw = (

5 kg) x

Qw =

4186 J/kg 0C)

x [(
100 0C)

0 0C)]

2.09E+06 J/kg 0C)

The latent heat of vaporization Lv is the amount of heat needed per kilogram to boil
the water. The total amount of heat needed to boil all the water Q v is the heat of
vaporization times the number of kilograms of water present. Hence, the thermal
energy needed to convert the liquid water at 100 0C to steam at 100 0C is
Qv = mw Lv
(5)
Qv = (

5 kg) x ( 2.26E+06 J/kg)

Qv = 1.13E+07 J

Qs is the amount of thermal energy necessary to raise the temperature of the steam
from 100 0C to the final superheated steam temperature of tfs and is given as
Qs = ms cs (tfs - 100)
Qs = (

5 kg) x

Qs =

2013 J/kg 0C)

x [(
120 0C)

100 0C)]

2.01E+05 J

Substituting all these equations into equation 16.14 gives the total amount of thermal
energy necessary to convert ice to superheated steam as
Q = Qi + Qf + Qw + Qv + Qs
(7)
Q = [ ( 2.09E+05 J) +
( 1.67E+06 J) +
( 2.09E+06 J)
+ ( 1.13E+07 J) + ( 2.01E+05 J) ]
Q = 1.55E+07 J
Therefore, we need
5 kg of
1.55E+07 J of thermal energy to convert
0
0
ice at
-20 C to superheated steam at
120 C. Note the relative size
of each term's contribution to the total thermal energy.
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University Physics
Dr. Peter J. Nolan
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University Physics
Dr. Peter J. Nolan

udents"

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University Physics
Dr. Peter J. Nolan

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Examples for Chapter 16

University Physics
Dr. Peter J. Nolan

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