AP Statistics

Answer Sheet: Graphing Calculator and MINITAB Output

for Inference for the Least-Squares Line

Page 1 of 4

1.
A.
Answer:
Yes, there is a linear relationship between the two variables. To see the relationship,
construct a scatter plot as follows:
First, clear the contents of L1 and L2. To do this, press STAT 4. Your screen should have
a blinking cursor after ClrList. Enter 2nd [L1] , 2nd [L2] ENTER. Your screen should read
Done.
Next, enter the student grade into L1 and the teacher grade into L2. To do this, press
STAT 1. In the column for L1, enter each student grade, and, in the column for L2,
enter each teacher grade.
After verifying your values, turn off all your plots by pressing 2nd [STAT PLOT] 4 ENTER.
To create your scatter plot, press 2nd [STAT PLOT] ENTER ENTER. For Type: highlight
the scatter plot and press ENTER. Enter L1 (2nd [L1]) for your Xlist: and L2 (2nd [L2])
for your Ylist:.
Press ZOOM 9 to view your scatter plot.
B.
Answer:
= 2.75494 + 1.00717x
y

To construct a least-squares regression line:

After entering your data into lists, press STAT, arrow to CALC, highlight
4:LinReg(ax+b) and press ENTER. Press 2nd [L1] , 2nd [L2] , VARS, arrow to
Y-VARS and press ENTER ENTER. Your screen should read LinReg(ax+b)L1,L2,Y1.
Press ENTER. This displays the value for a, b, r, and r2, and stores the equation in Y1.
To view the equation, press Y=.
C.
Answer:
The residual plot does support the assumption that the residuals are normally distributed
about the regression line. To support this assumption, the residuals have to be randomly
scattered above and below the x-axis. This plot shows that the residuals are scattered
randomly. If you want to be even more confident about this assumption, create a
normal probability plot of residuals. A normal probability plot will be a line if the
residuals are normally distributed, and this plot is very close to a line. Because this
assumption is met, you can continue to use regression analysis with these data. The
instructions for both plots are as follows.

To create a scatter plot of the residuals against the explanatory variable, follow these
steps:
After entering your data into lists and constructing a least-squares regression line, turn
off all your stat plots (press 2nd [STAT PLOT] 4 ENTER).
Press 2nd [STAT PLOT] ENTER ENTER. This turns on your first plot.
Highlight the scatter plot for Type: and press ENTER.
For Xlist: press 2nd [L1].
For Ylist: press 2nd [LIST] 4 and press ENTER.
Choose the mark you'd like to use by highlighting it and pressing ENTER.

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AP Statistics
Answer Sheet: Graphing Calculator and MINITAB Output
for Inference for the Least-Squares Line

Page 2 of 4

Press ZOOM 9 to view your plot.

To create a normal probability plot of the residuals, follow the directions above to turn
off all your plots, then turn on the first plot.
Highlight the last plot under Type: and press ENTER.
For Data List: press 2nd [LIST] 4 ENTER to choose RESID.
Highlight X in Data Axis: and press ENTER.
Choose the mark you wish to use, then press ZOOM 9 to view your plot.
D.
Answer:
H0 : 1 = 0 (Knowing a student's grade does not help to predict how the student will

evaluate the teacher.)

H a : 1 0 (Knowing a student's grade does help to predict how the student will
evaluate the teacher.)
E.
Answer:
t = 9.706, p = .00000209

To conduct a linear regression t test using your TI-83/84, follow these steps: After entering
your data into lists and making sure that your assumptions are met, press STAT, arrow
to TESTS and choose E:LinRegTTest Enter L1 for your Xlist: and L2 for your Ylist:,
choose your two sided test ( & :
0) and where you want your regression equation
stored (for example, for Y1, press VARS, arrow to Y-VARS and press ENTER twice).
Highlight Calculate and press ENTER. Your screen shows the resulting test statistic and
p-value.
F.
Answer:
SE b1 = .10377

The standard error is not given by the t test, so calculate it using the slope and t in the
b1
:
formula t =
SE b1
9.706 =

b1
SE b1

SE b1 =

1.0072
= .10377
9.706

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AP Statistics
Answer Sheet: Graphing Calculator and MINITAB Output
for Inference for the Least-Squares Line

Page 3 of 4

G.
Answer:
(.776, 1.2384)

To find a confidence interval, use the following formula:

b1 t* SE b1 = 1.0072 2.228(.10377) = 1.0072 .2312 = (.776, 1.2384)

Remember that your value for degrees of freedom for a linear regression t test is n
minus 2.
H.
Answer:
We are 95% confident that, for every one-number change in a student's grade, the
change in teacher evaluation is between .776 and 1.2384.
2.
A.
Answer:
The scatter plot has a linear pattern that is interrupted by a cluster of data at the lower
end of the x-axis. Note that the deviation from the linear pattern should make you wary
of conducting linear regression analysis on these data. After conducting the analysis,
examine residual plots closely to be sure the assumptions for the model are met.

To plot your data:

First, clear the contents of L1 and L2. To do this, press STAT 4. Your screen should have
a blinking cursor after ClrList. Enter 2nd [L1] , 2nd [L2] ENTER. Your screen should read
Done.
Next, enter the armspan measurements into L1 and the height measurements into L2.
To do this, press STAT 1. In the column for L1, enter each value for armspan, and, in
the column for L2, enter each value for height.
After verifying your values, turn off all your plots by pressing 2nd [STAT PLOT] 4 ENTER.
To create your scatter plot, press 2nd [STAT PLOT] ENTER ENTER. For Type: highlight
the scatter plot and press ENTER. Enter L1 (2nd [L1]) for your Xlist: and L2 (2nd [L2])
for your Ylist:. Press ZOOM 9 to view your scatter plot.
B.
Answer:
= 91.82037 + .4799x
y

To construct a least-squares regression line, follow these steps: After entering your data
into lists, press STAT, arrow to CALC, highlight 4:LinReg(ax+b) and press ENTER.
Press 2nd [L1] , 2nd [L2] , VARS, arrow to Y-VARS and press ENTER ENTER. Your
screen should read LinReg(ax+b)L1,L2,Y1. Press ENTER. This displays the value for a,
b, r, and r2, and stores the equation in Y1. To view the equation, press Y=.
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Copyright 2011 Apex Learning Inc. (See Terms of Use at www.apexvs.com/TermsOfUse)

AP Statistics
Answer Sheet: Graphing Calculator and MINITAB Output
for Inference for the Least-Squares Line

Page 4 of 4

C.
Answer:
The residual plot does not support the assumption that the residuals are normally
distributed about the regression line. To support this assumption, the residuals must be
randomly scattered above and below the x-axis with no particular pattern. This plot
shows that the residuals get closer to the x-axis as the values of the axis get higher. If
you want to be even more confident about this assumption, create a normal probability
plot of residuals. A normal probability plot shows two distinct deviations from the linear
pattern where the data curves upwards away from the line. Because our assumption
cannot be met, you should not use regression analysis any further for these data. The
instructions for both plots are as follows.

To create a scatter plot of the residuals against the explanatory variable:

After entering your data into lists and constructing a least-squares regression line, turn
off all your stat plots (press 2nd [STAT PLOT] 4 ENTER.
Press 2nd [STAT PLOT] ENTER ENTER. This turns on your first plot.
Highlight the scatter plot for Type: and press ENTER.
For Xlist: press 2nd [L1].
For Ylist: press 2nd [LIST] 4 and press ENTER.
Choose the mark you would like to use by highlighting it and pressing ENTER.
Press ZOOM 9 to view your plot.
To create a normal probability plot of the residuals, follow the directions above to turn
off all your plots, then turn on the first plot.
Highlight the last plot under Type: and press ENTER.
For Data List: press 2nd [LIST] 4 ENTER to choose RESID.
Highlight X in Data Axis: and press ENTER.
Choose the mark you wish to use, then press ZOOM 9 to view your plot.
3.
A.
Answer:
= 8.717 + 1.5452x
y

You can find the coefficients for your regression equation under the heading "Coef." The
coefficient for the "Constant" is the y intercept ( b0 ), and the coefficient for the
explanatory variable (here, "Shoe Len") is the slope ( b1 ).
B.
Answer:
t = 3.42, p = .004

The test statistic and p-value for the slope can be found in the row for the explanatory
variable (here, "Shoe Len") under "T" and "P".
C.
Answer:
p = .002

The p-value given in the computer output is always two-sided. To conduct a one-sided
significance test, divide the given p-value in half.

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