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AUTHORITY
ARRADCOM ltr 31 Aug 1982
iHI3
R~PORT
REL~~E
5200.20 AND
ITS USE
P.t~D
DISTRIBUTION
DI SCLOSURI:
STATE~ENT
' .'
AD
~
..
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mffraAiustMiT
MEMORANDUM REPORT M69-20-1
'G
0
by
THOMAS J. HENNESSY
JOHN SCHNIEDER
RICHARD J. SEIBEL
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ill
DISPOSITION
l^'^.m
f"
' A^iin coots
DISCLAIMER
The findings in this report are not to be construed as an official
Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents.
wy~^wi
Mi
-.
A,
) THE DEVELOPMENT OF.III
FIELD HiEXPEDIENT METHODS
**? J.I,,
III
in
^'FOR FABRICATION"OF jSJlfcNCERS FO'
'" IMPROVISED WEAPOtsiS .
Ill
by
/i/
in
rtmo-
mm^mm^^M
mm
mmmmmmmmm
ABSTRACT
11
liirfMMlMi
i mum rrm***mm
FOREWORD
N
in
i i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pag
INTRODUCTION
DISCUSSION.
PROCEDURE
TEST RESULTS
Standard Weapons Study
Diverter Study
Container Study
Packing Material Study
Wad Study
Velocity and Penetration Data
Sound Study Data
Life Study
Round Modifications and Charge Establishment . . .
Smoke and Flash Test
2
2
5
5
7
10
12
13
13
15
15
CONCLUSIONS
16
APPENDIX
24
DISTRIBUTION
List of Tables
Table
3
I.
II.
Diverter Measurements
. .
III.
Container Measurements
IV.
IV
4
6
8
HiMiJ! .iwmpw
Page
Table
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
10
12
Charge Establishment
14
List of Illustrations
F^ ure
4
1.
Diverter Dimensions
2.
3.
Bullet Modification
14
A.1.
19
A.2.
20
A -3.
21
A -4.
22
A-5.
23
-.^^^^^^M^
mmm
"i
CUD
INTRODUCTION
DISCUSSION
PROCEDURE
^^^mmimmmm
TEST RESULTS
Divert er Study
container,
Bi
^"---""^
"" *"'
CABLE I.
V elocity
fps
Weapon
.45 Caliber pistol
9mm pistol
7. 62mm rifle
. 38 Caliber pistol
Pes k Sou id
with Readings
no nil ncer (db)
10 meters
w/silencer
Silencer
Type
Bell Lab
(WWII) Mil
830
124
101
1150
2700
140
150
125
114
850
Not availible
Not available
3.
4.
4.
. 22 Caliber - Design #3
, 3
^mmmim^m
~^
A;
B:
C:
D:
E:
13
f~T\
>O09)$OC; QOCOCCOOC
-D
Figure 1.
TABLE II.
Weapon
. 45 Caliber
9mm and
. 38 Caliber
mmM
Divert.er Dimensions
Diverter Measurements
Total
Holes
_E_ (4 rows)
Design
No.
1
2
3
4
3/8
3/8
3/8
3/8
24.0
6.0
11.0
6.0
5/8
1/2
5/8
3/8
11/32
21/64
1/4
1/4
15
10
16
12
60
40
64
48
1
2
3
4
5
1/4
1/4
1/4
1/4
1/4
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
3/8
3/8
3/8
3/8
3/8
1/8
5/32
3/16
1/4
9/32
12
12
12
12
12
48
48
48
48
48
TABLE II.
Cont'd
Total
Holes
E (4 rows)
Design
No.
7. 62mm
I
2
3
4
5
6
3/8
3/8
3/8
1/4
1/4
3/8
12.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
1/2
3/8
3/8
3/8
1/4
1/2
1/4
1/4
9/32
1/4
3/16
21/64
16
12
12
12
12
10
64
48
48
48
48
40
. 22 Caliber
1
2
3
1/8*
1/8*
1/8*
6.0
6.0
6.0
1/4
1/4
1/4
3/32
1/8
5/32
16
16
14
64
64
56
Weapon
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Wad Study
The bullet outside diameter (O. D.) in all systems was undersized in comparison to the pipe inside diameter (I.D.); therefore,
a muzzle wad (see Figure 2) was employed to trap the escaped
gases which override the bullet while passing through the pipe
(barrel) and low signature system. The . 22 caliber system is
the only exception where a muzzle wad is not applied due to the
tight fit of the lead bullet in the extra heavy pipe. The results of
the study are listed in Table V. The most acceptable wad size
of each caliber was:
1.
2.
3.
Figure 2.
i^ww
TABLE IV.
Peak
(10 meiers)
Average
db
Target
Penetration (%)
Design
Packing
Material
. 45 Caliber
Cotton
103
100
105
100
102
100
Tiber glass
114
112
100
no
112
113
Steel wool
110
113
110
114
HI
100
Hospital gauze
HI
113
112
113
112
100
128
127
128
128
100
. 45 Caliber
Improvised
Pistol
No low signature
system
9mm
Cotton
107
106
106
107
106
100
Fiber glass
112
116
117
117
115
100
Steel wool
113
116
113
112
112
100
Hospital gauze
118
117
117
118
117
100
9mm
9mm Improvised
Pistol
No low signature
syrtem
132
134
132
132
100
11
Q
4)
m ^ in
0> QN CT*
(M vO O
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^ ^ f^ ^ O
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oo
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TABLE VI.
Diverter
Penetration
(%)
Avg Vel
(fps)
.45 Caliber
Design #4/
Cotton
456
480
442
445
100
456
No low
signature
system
480
481
472
100
477
9mm
Design #4/
Cotton
837
839
855
848
100
844
9mm; No low
signature system
837
827
841
100
834
7.62 mm
Design #4/
Cotton
Modified Round
860
100
887
965
828
896
10
'
TABLE VI.
(Cont'd)
Avg Vel
(fps)
M uzzle Vel
(fps)
Penetration
No low
signature system
854
79^
816
882
100
837
. 38 Caliber
9mm Design #4/
Cotton
750
708
691
737
100
721
No low
signature system
741
766
727
764
100
749
. 22 Caliber
(long rifle)
Design #3/
Cotton
1062
1032
1016
1036
100
1036
No low
signature system
1021
1060
1031
1024
100
1034
. 22 Caliber (short)
Design #3/
Cotton
890
900
926
914
100
908
No low
signature system
932
923
954
980
100
947
Diverter
(%)
11
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||'JIM|||MBBIPI
..
LUimop
TABLE VII.
Peak db at 10 meters
(without system)
Avg
112
105
111
113
114
114
Avg
109
128
127
128
128
114
132
134
132
132
136
7. 62mm
9mm Design #4/Cotton
Modified Charge
105
103
102
103
135
139
134
. 38 Caliber
9mm Design #4/Cotton
92
93
92
92
112
113
112
112
76
80
76
77
91
90
92
91
General Radio Impact Noise Level Meter Recorded All Sound Data
12
Life Study
Continuous,experiment with the ,45 caliber, 9mrn. 7.62mm and
the , 38 caliber low signature systems, without repacking the container
naterial and using the rotation system, established a life of 2.5 rounds.
After this, a powder residue formed on the cotton restricting it from
absorbing the spent gases. Due to lead buildup from the . ZZ caliber
round (lead bullet), the .22 caliber low signature system v,as limited to 75 rounds before the velocity dropped. Tests show ;; that
after a maximum number of rounds were fired, projectile failed lo
penetrate one-inch nominal pine target at 30 meters (max. range).
If the improvised barrel was drilled or heated to remove the lead,
it could be reused.
Modification
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
*A piece of cotton placed around the base of the bullet will make a
better sealed bullet when replacing.
13
Co\
(El\
Figure 3.
t)vSfcA-d
Bullet Modification
TABLE VIII.
Charge Establishment
Velocity
(fp8) .
Charge
&*-
Average
Velocity
10 meters
Peak (db)
Average
Peak
Ml
860
965
828
896
887
105
111
105
108
107
1/3
925
954
974
110
111
109
no
1005
1013
108
1/4*
646
777
718
708
108
109
109
109
Standard Round
No low signature
system
854
799
816
823
139
134
135
136
14
UP*
CONCLUSIONS
15
.-
"
2.75 in._
(Dia.)
D
(Nom. DU.)
(Norn. Dia.)
16
t.a^Mfc
MM
(Coupling)
0
Holes
per
Row
(4-ROWB)
Total
.45 Cal.
3/8
1/4
3/8
3/8
12
48
.3 Cal.
3/8
1/4
1/4
1/4
12
48
9 mm
3/8
1/4
1/4
1/4
12
48
7.62 mm
J/8
1/4
1/4
1/4
12
48
.22 Cal.
1/4
5/32
1/8
1/8
14
50
Top Half
Bottom Half
5. Separate the top half of the grenade container from the bottom half.
Grenade Container
Drilled Pipe
Nipple
6. Insert the pipe nipple in the
drilled hole at the base of the bottom half of container. Pack the
absorbent cotton inside the container
and around the pipe nipple.
Coupling
Absorbent
Cotton
17
MMMi
mm
1.11.mini mimmmmmmmmil*
Cotton mied
Cotton .flUed
DriUed Pipe
Nipple
Coupling
Coupling
HOW TO BE;
1. Thread the low algnature ayatem on the aeleoted weapon aecurely.
2. Place the proper cotton wad alee into the muzzle end of the ayatem.
Table O. Cotton Wadding - Sisea
Weapon
.4SCal.
1-1/2 x 6 inchea
.38Cal.
lx4inchea
9mm
1x4 Inchea
7.62 mm
1 x 4 inchea
.22Cal.
Not needed
S. Load Weapon
4. Weapon la now reacfy for uae.
18
mmmm
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19
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mmmmmmmmj*
UgglfU
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LOW
)i..N.\l ^U
oYSTEM
45 ..AL.IBLh
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Figure A-3.
8 7.62 M M
21
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23
"-'-'-
~'
^aueummaa^mitlttammmm
mm
Unclassified
Sgcurtty CUi(icUon
FRANKFORD ARSENAL
Philadelphia, Pa.
19137
db. OMOUP
Attn: SMUFA-L3300
I ntfonr
TITL
NOTES
MemorandiuTi Report
t. AUTHONOI (Plrtl nmm; mltUR Mllml, !( nam)
THOMAS J. HENNESSY
JOHN SCHMIED ER
RICHARD J. SEIBEL
. RCPORT OATC
September 1969
a.ContrcTo'r-Grant No.
AMCMS 5523.11.35402.01
26
a. ORIGINATOR'* RCPORT NUMBCRI*)
FA Rpt M69-20-1
. PKOJtCT NO.
DA Proj 1W523801A364
9b. OTHER RCPORT NO) (Any oUtrnr nuoibara al nay b a*al#>arf
Ihlt rtporl)
io. ouTRiaunoN
fense must have prior approval of the Commanding Officer, Frankford Arsenal,
Philadelphia, Pa.
19137 - Attn: SMUFA-J8300.
It- UPPLCMCNTARV NOTKS
^
The objective of this study was to develop practical techniques for the field
fabrication of silencers for improvised weapons. Silencers trap propellant gases
at the muzzle and release them over an abnormally lengthly time interval thus
eliminating a sharp report. Methods of improvising such a system were investigate
Five component systems were tested for sound, penetration, velocity and
fabrication feasibility. Results of these tests are presented.
Unclassified
cvrlly Claaalflcallo
iaaaMaB^MHHa
Unclasaifled
8curity CUtnctlii
HCV
mono
silencers
improvised weapons
low signature system
Unclassified
tecurity OastlflcatlM
t. mi !>-- [ r -
r nflllUn