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Department of Engineering Systems and Management, Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
c
Mechanical Engineering, ITM University, Gurgaon, India
b
a r t i c l e i n f o
a b s t r a c t
Article history:
Received 28 April 2014
Received in revised form
13 June 2014
Accepted 13 June 2014
Available online 9 July 2014
Industries currently face pressure on environmental initiatives from both government regulations and
global competition in addition to customer pressure. Hence, organizations are forced to implement
sustainable practices to improve their environmental performance over economic performance. The
Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM) system is a concept which ensures environmentally
friendly practices in traditional supply chains. Industries in developing countries such as India face
pressure from various perspectives to adopt SSCM in Traditional SCM. In this regard, the objective of this
study has been xed to analyze the enablers for implementing SSCM into Indian industries. This study is
essential for Indian industries, and especially for textile industries, to market products in the World Trade
Organization and huge market opportunities. There are many enablers for adopting SSCM into TSCM, but
these enablers do not ensure similar impact in all industries and countries; in fact, where SSCM is
adopted the system varies according to culture and the country's regulations. Hence, industries essentially need to identify inuential enablers to adopt SSCM. This study aims to identify inuential enablers
for SSCM by using Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) from 13 recommended enablers in ve Indian
textile units located in south India. ISM results reveal that ve enablers dominate an industry's practices,
and those ve enablers include Adoption of safety standards, Adoption of green practices, Community
economic welfare, Health and safety issues, and Employment stability. The result of this study shows that
safety perspective enablers provide additional motivation when compared to the other enablers for
SSCM adoption.
2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords:
Sustainable Supply Chain Management
Enabler analysis
Interpretive Structural Modelling
1. Introduction
Pagell and Shevchenko (2014) state that over the past two
decades, the topic of sustainability has received substantial
attention in supply chain management and has been the subject of
much research. Current researchers and practitioners give special
attention to environmental issues to achieve environmental and
business needs (Caniato et al., 2011). Businesses certainly do face
new challenges and opportunities for adopting good environmental practices (Sezen and Turkkantos, 2013). Globally, sustainability has unique issues related to market competition, global
limitations of energy, the availability of raw and virgin material,
environmental protection crises, and increasing global population
(Bajaj et al., 2013). In this view, Hart and Milstein (2003) analyzed
* Corresponding author.
E-mail addresses: adiabat@masdar.ac.ae (A. Diabat), mdevi89@rediffmail.com
(D. Kannan).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.06.081
0959-6526/ 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
392
393
394
started to improve its performance from the perspective of environmentally friendly practices with economic improvements. The
present study focuses on analysing enablers for SSCM adoption
from environmental, economic, and social perspectives. Initially,
sustainable supply chain management articles were collected from
various international publications such as Science direct, Taylors
and Francis, Emerald, Wiley, Springer, and other openly available
materials. We sought a t for sustainable adoption of traditional
supply chain by using the terms sustainable supply chain management; enablers for sustainable supply chain and sustainable
supply chain management in textile industry. Based on these
terms, more than 100 papers are downloaded which are then tted
to the sustainable supply introduction and enablers for SSCM
analysis based on the objective of our studies. From these papers,
initially 25 enablers were identied and shortlisted into 13 enablers
after a discussion with textile industry experts. A detailed
description about the selection of the 13 enablers from the 25 enablers for SSCM adoption is given in the Phase 1: Preliminary survey section; there we identify common enablers. Next, these 13
enablers were categorized based on the three perspectives essential to the triple bottom line of sustainability: environmental, economic, and social. In Table 1, we identify the enablers from the
literature and show both the sources and roles of each element of
the triple bottom line.
2.1. Research Gap
In the past two decades, researchers have published more than
100 papers about the operations and supply chain management
elds, dealing with special concerns related to Green Supply Chain
Management (GSCM) and sustainable supply chains topics
(Mathiyazhagan et al., 2014; Jayaraman et al., 2007; Linton et al.,
2007; Seuring et al., 2008; Sarkis, 2012; Xu et al., 2014; Kaliyan
et al., 2013; Govindan et al., 2013b). Generally, different industries
have differing opinions about a single factor based on their nature
of manufacturing activities, culture, and country. Specially, many
researchers pointed out that different industries have different
opinions about their environmental factors (Govindan et al., 2014;
Mathiyazhagan and Haq, 2013; Zhu and Sarkis, 2006). Following
this, from the initial survey (mail and face to face interview), we
observed that experts from different industries give varied opinions
for each enabler for SSCM adoption (described in the Phase 1:
Preliminary survey to identify common enablers sections).
From the literature review we see that industries (MNCs and
some SMEs) globally are aware about industrial pollution (Junior
et al., 2014) and have started to adopt SSCM in their TSCM. In this
regard, there are many enablers for SSCM adoption. Many researchers focused on SSCM performance and other perspectives
Table 1
Enablers for the Sustainable Supply Chain Management adoption with references.
Sl. No
Enablers
Resources
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Environmental
Economic
Social
395
396
Table 2
Applications of ISM in India.
Application
Authors
397
Fig. 2. Flow diagram to prepare the ISM model for enabler analysis in ve textile industries.
Table 4
Initial reachability matrix.
Table 3
Structural Self-Interaction Matrix (SSIM).
Enablers
13
12
11
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
V
O
O
X
A
O
V
O
A
A
X
O
V
O
O
V
A
O
O
V
O
X
O
V
V
O
X
A
O
X
O
A
O
V
O
O
O
A
O
O
V
O
O
V
X
X
A
A
A
O
V
O
O
O
O
O
O
V
X
X
X
O
O
X
X
X
X
X
O
X
X
O
X
X
X
X
X
Enablers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
398
Table 5
Final reachability matrix.
Enablers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
Table 6
Level partitions for enablers.
Enabler
Reachability set
Antecedent set
Intersection set
5
10
12
7
8
9
11
13
1
2
3
4
6
12345679
2 3 6 10
2 3 6 10
1 2 3 4 6 7 9 11
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
1 2 3 4 6 7 8 10 11 12 13
1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 11 13
123468
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 11 13
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 11 13
1 2 3 4 6 7 9 11 13
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 11 13
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 13
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 11 13
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 11 13
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 13
12345679
2 3 6 10
2 3 6 10
1 2 3 4 6 7 9 11
I
II
II
III
III
III
III
III
IV
IV
IV
IV
IV
11
12
12
13
8
1 2 3 4 6 7 9 11 13
1 2 3 4 6 7 9 11 13
1 2 3 4 6 7 9 11 13
12346
12346
12346
12346
12346
11
12
12
13
8
1 2 3 4 6 7 9 11 13
1 2 3 4 6 7 9 11 13
1 2 3 4 6 7 9 11 13
12346
12346
12346
12346
12346
399
power (12) and less driving power, which shows that industries
have less interest in assigning money to develop their infrastructure for sustainability.
Ten enablers appear in Quadrant III. Enablers in this quadrant
have strong driving and strong dependence power. They are
unstable. Any action on them will affect others and will provide
a feedback effect on them. They can disturb the whole system. In
this quadrant, Adoption of green purchasing (E5) enabler has
lowest driving power (9) and high dependence power (12).
From this, it is inferred that implementing green practice provides reduced motivation for the adoption of SSCM as it depends
on other practices; meaning that the green practice enabler
needs the co-operation of other enablers, without which, E5 is
difcult to practice. Guenther et al. (2010) pointed out for the
whole environment in industries, green procurement activity
will ensure a tremendously effective way to develop the entire
environmental performance. The next lowest value enabler is
Hazard management (E9). It has a driving power of 11 and
dependence power of 10. Currently, every industry is involved in
reducing their usage of hazardous materials in their operations
and many have also started to nd alternatives for such materials. This enabler is important for textile industries because for
Table 7
Dependence power and driving power.
Enablers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Driving power
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Dependence power
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
10
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
12
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
12
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
10
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
13
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
12
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
10
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
10
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
11
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
10
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
12
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
9
13
13
13
13
9
13
12
4
11
6
12
6
12
400
color coating and other fabric related purposes, color agents are
needed. These color agents are harmful to human health and
surroundings. The Hazard management (E9) ISM value shows
that textile industries have started to reduce hazardous materials used in their industry through special attention.
Improvement of product characteristics (E13) enabler appears in
the next position in Quadrant III. Compared to previous enablers
(E8; E10; E12; E5; E9) E13 enabler has a high driving power (12) and
less dependence power (9). This shows that textile industries have
started to improve their products by reducing the use of hazardous
substances in clothes and by improving apparel characteristics. But
this step needs the co-operation of other enablers such as Hazard
management (E9); Government regulations (E8); Economic input
to infrastructural development (E12); and Adoption of green purchasing (E5). Two enablers appear in the next position of this region, namely, Eco-design (E7) and Environmental cost (E11). These
two enablers have equal driving power and dependence power (12,
10). For adoption of any system in the industry, it should alter
existing methodological activities by design. The design department has a notable role in every organization. We need to re-design
industrial activities towards ecological activities, especially for
environmental issues. Past researchers have observed that it is
essential for industries to design the process and products related
to environmentally friendly activities to sustain their performance
(Bhaskaran et al., 2006; Mudgal et al., 2010; Hussain, 2011;
Grzybowska, 2012; Houda and Said, 2011; Singh and Debnath,
2012).
Employment stability (E1) and Adoption of safety standards (E4)
enablers appear in the same position. It shows that these two enablers strongly inuence other enablers. Employment is a major
concern for every organization because without labor cooperation,
an industry cannot achieve its goals (Kuik et al., 2010). The adoption
of safety standards will improve environmental performance by
means of placing standardized norms on the environmental issues.
7. Conclusion
Sustainable development has grown to be a generally used term
that goes beyond uncomplicated economic security to include
7.1. Recommendation
It is evident from the results that identication of the leading
enablers in textile industries is helpful for easy implementation
of an effective SSCM.
It also improves environmental performance and creates a green
environmental zone. The result of this study shows that ve
enablers play a dominant role. Textile industries need to focus
more on other recommended enablers.
The conclusion of this study is useful to implement SSCM in a
textile industry in an Indian scenario. Industries nd it difcult
to identify dominant enablers, but this study provides an
improved solution for this problem by using ISM.
Industries need to identify the enablers with important roles
and those with less important roles during SSCM adoption. As
summarized above; this study is one of the better research tasks
to identify the principal enabler for SSCM adoption.
The purpose of this paper is to provide a solid framework for
enabling SSCM in textile industries, because it is vital for such
industries to offer accountability when it comes to environmental consciousness.
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