AS/OCT 2006/BI0200

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UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FINAL EXAMINATION

COURSE

INTRODUCTION TO TISSUES, CLASSIFICATION OF

LIVING THINGS AND ECOLOGY

COURSE CODE

BIO200

EXAMINATION

OCTOBER 2006

TIME

3 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
1.

This question paper consists of two (2) parts :

2.

Answer ALL questions from all two (2) parts.

i)
ii)

PART A (20 Questions)

PART B (7 Questions)

Answer PART A in the Objective Answer Sheet.

Answer PART B in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page.

3.

Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the
invigilator.

4.

Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of:
i)

the Question Paper

an Answer Booklet - provided by the Faculty
an Objective Answer Sheet - provided by the Faculty

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

This examination paper consists of 8 printed pages
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AS/OCT 2006/BIO200

PART A (30 MARKS)

1.

Which tissue system of the plant body is largely responsible for photosynthesis?
A.
B.
C.
D.

2.

The extremely flexible tissue that provides support in soft, nonwoody plants, allowing
them to grow upward is
A.
B.
C.
D.

3.

Stores nutrients and oxygen

Cushions internal organs
Provides for elasticity of organs
Secretion

Clumped dispersion is often influenced by

A.
B.
C.
D.

6.

Abrasion
Contractility
Protection
Strength

Which of the following is a function of adipose tissue?

A.
B.
C.
D.

5.

parenchyma tissue.
collenchyma tissue.
sclerenchyma tissue.
dermal tissue.

Select the best reason why collagen fibers are abundant in tendons.

A.
B.
C.
D.
4.

Ground tissue system

Vascular tissue system
Dermal tissue system
Primary tissue system

the presence of family groups.

asexual reproduction in plants or invertebrates.
limited seed dispersal in plants.
All of the above.

The term (K-N)/K influences dN/dt such that

A.
B.
C.
D.

the increase in actual population numbers is greatest when N is small.

as N approaches K, r, the intrinsic rate of increase, becomes smaller.
when N equals K, population growth is zero.
when K is small, the population begins growing exponentially.

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7.

is a numerical taxonomy based on phenotypic similarities.

emphasizes common ancestry.
emphasizes polyphyletic groups.
focuses on ancestral characters.

Which of the following best explains the meaning of the term ecological niche?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10.

a shared primitive character.

a shared derived character.
a character useful for distinguishing the birds from other vertebrates.
an example of analogy rather than homology.

Phenetics
A.
B.
C.
D.

9.

AS/OCT 2006/BIO200

In the case of comparing birds to other vertebrates, having four appendages is

A.
B.
C.
D.

8.

The place where a specific organism is always found.

The place where a specific organism gets its food.
The place where a specific organism gets shelter.
The overall method by which an environment is used by a specific organism.

All of the following statements about communities are correct EXCEPT

A.
B.
C.

D.

Some animal species distributions within a community are linked to other

species.
The distribution of almost all organisms is probably affected to some extent
by both abiotic gradients and interactions with other species.
Ecologists refer to species richness as the number of species within a
community.
The trophic structure of a community describes abiotic factors such as rainfall
and temperature affecting members of the community.

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Days

11.

The figure above provides support for which of the following processes?

A.
B.
C.
D.

12.

A biologist reported that a sample of ocean water had 5 million diatoms of species
Coscinodiscus centra/is per cubic meter. What was the biologist measuring?
A.
B.
C.
D.

13.

Range
Density
Dispersion
Carrying capacity

The rate of absorption of light energy measured in grassland is 7400 kJ m"2 day"1.
Only 1% of this energy is transformed into plant net production. 10% of the net
production at a trophic level is transferred to the next trophic level. What is the total
energy that enters the secondary consumer level?
A.
B.
C.
D.

14.

Secondary succession
Competitive exclusion
Mutualism
Resource partitioning

74 kJ m'2 day1
7.4 kJ m-2 day1
0.74 kJ m'2 day1
0.074 kJ m'2 day'1

Pyramid of numbers are of limited usefulness because they

A.
B.
C.
D.

do not indicate the biomass of the organisms at a given time.

do not indicate the gross primary productivity of each species.
do not include energy flow through the ecosystem.
include three trophic levels.

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Use the following figure to answer questions number 15 and 16.

40CH
I
300CO
-fci
O.

200-

< 100030

20

10

-10

Average Temperature (C)

15.

Based on the temperature range and precipitation, the area on the figure labeled
three represents which of the following biomes?
A.
B.
C.
D.

16.

Using the accompanying figure, what is the annual precipitation and temperature
range for a temperate rain forest?

A.
B.
C.
D.
17.

Savanna
Temperate deciduous forest
Taiga
Tundra

300-400 cm/yr precipitation and 20C-30G

200-300 cm/yr precipitation and 20C-30C
200-300 cm/yr precipitation and 10C-20C
150-250-cm/yr precipitation and 10C-20C

If you were to study all of the insect-eating birds in a forest, you would see that
many birds eat insects, yet you may not see any evidence of competition. What is
the most probable explanation?

A.
B.
C.
D.

The birds are exhibiting resource partitioning.

The birds are exhibiting intraspecific competition only.
There is no keystone species in this community.
There is not enough species richness to see evidence of competition.

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18.

interspecific competition.
intraspecific competition.
succession.
community complexity.

A "cohort" in a human life table consists of

A.
B.
C.
D.

20.

AS/OCT 2006/BIO200

Competitive exclusion is a result of

A.
B.
C.
D.
19.

people who are the same age.

people who live in the same city.
people of the same education level.
people who have the same number of children.

Quantities of mineral nutrients in soil of tropical rain forests are relatively low
because
A.
B.
C.
D.

the standing crop is small.

microorganisms that recycle chemicals are not very abundant in tropical soils.
the decomposition of organic refuse and reassimilation of chemicals by plants
occur rapidly.
nutrient cycles occur at a relatively slow rate in tropical soils.

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PART B (70 MARKS)

QUESTION 1

Explain how the structures of the following tissues are suited to their functions.

a)

Parenchyma

b)

Xylem

c)

Skeletal muscle

d)

Transitional epithelium

(16 marks)

QUESTION 2

You are given five different specimens that are turtle, horse, wolf, leopard and domestic cat.
Construct an appropriate cladogram that reflects the nesting of clades within more
comprehensive clades. Label the derived characters that evolved in the ancestor of each
clade.
(10 marks)
QUESTION 3

a)

Name four abiotic components of an ecosystem.

(2 marks)

b)

Using suitable examples of organism, briefly describe how each of them has adapted
to abiotic factor mentioned above, in its environment.
(8 marks)

QUESTION 4

Explain the difference between:

a)

primary succession and secondary succession

b)

food web and food chain

c)

dominant species and keystone species

d)

species richness and relative abundance

e)

habitat and niche

(10 marks)
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QUESTION 5

How have human activities interfered with the nitrogen cycle?

(10 marks)
QUESTION 6

Draw and fully label the zonation in the marine environment and state one type of
community present in each zone.
(9 marks)
QUESTION 7

The graph below shows changes in the number of the commercial catch of male crabs over
40-years period at Fort Bragg, California.

730,000
Ol

J3

10,0001950

1960

1970 1980

1990

Year

a)

Describe the changes in the number of the commercial catch of male crabs during
the experiment.
(1 mark)

b)

Suggest why these changes occurred.

(4 marks)

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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