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EO 68, establishing a national War Crimes Office,
prescribing rules and regulations governing the trial of
accused war criminals.
In accordance with the generally accepted principle
of international law that all those persons military or
civilian, who have been guilty of planning, preparing or
waging a war of aggression and of the commission of
crimes and offenses consequential and incidental
thereto in violation of the laws and customs of war, of
humanity and civilization, are held accountable therefor.
The promulgation of the EO is an exercise of the
Presidents power as commander-in-chief of all our
armed forces.
Re: Philippines is not a signatory of the Hague and
Geneva conventions It cannot be denied that the
rules and regulation of the Hague and Geneva
Conventions form, part of and are wholly based on the
generally accepted principles of international law. In
fact, these rules and principles were accepted by the 2
belligerent nations, the US and Japan, who were
signatories of the 2 conventions. Such rule and
principles, therefore, form part of the law of our nation
even if the Philippines was not a signatory to the
conventions embodying them for our Constitution has
self-executing.
Texaco vs. Libya
L
Doctrine of specifically affected states.
commercially.
To transport means to carry from one place to
another persons or things. It can apply to land, water,
or sea transport.
Principles of interpretation:
1. Interpretation by circumstantial evidence
2. Teleological interpretation of the contract
3. Restrictive interpretation
4. Rule contra preferentum (Contract of adhesion)
The principle of acquired rights is one of the
fundamental principles both of public international law
and of the municipal law of most civilized states.
Decision: Aramco enjoys exclusive rights these
rights cannot be taken away from it by the government
by means of a contract concluded with a second
concessionaire, even if that contract wereequal to its
own contract from a legal point of view.