NORCAL Road Fundamentals Using InRoads SS2

RoadFundamentals
usingInRoads
InRoadsV8i(SELECTseries2)withMicroStation
PowerInRoadsV8i(SELECTseries2)
BentleyInstituteCourseGuide
TRN0147401/0005
Trademarks
AccuDraw,Bentley,theBBentleylogo,MDL,MicroStationandSmartLineareregistered
trademarks;PopSetandRasterManageraretrademarks;BentleySELECTisaservicemarkof
BentleySystems,IncorporatedorBentleySoftware,Inc.
AutoCADisaregisteredtrademarkofAutodesk,Inc.
Allotherbrandsandproductnamesarethetrademarksoftheirrespectiveowners.
Patents
UnitedStatesPatentNos.5,8.15,415and5,784,068and6,199,125.
Copyrights
20002011BentleySystems,Incorporated.
MicroStation1998BentleySystems,Incorporated.
Allrightsreserved.
RoadFundamentalsusingInRoads
Jan2011
Copyright2011BentleySystems,Incorporated
ATourofInRoads
Inthischapter,wewilllearnabouttheInRoadsfamilyofproductsandnavigate
theInRoadsExplorertogether.WewillalsolearnhowtosetupanInRoads
project.
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Objectives
Objectives
Inthislessonwewill...
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LearnwhatyoucandowiththeInRoadsproducts.
LearnhowtostartandexitInRoads.
LearnhowtonavigateandusetheInRoadsinterface.
LearntheInRoadsfiletypes.
LearnhowtosetupanInRoadsproject.
Jan2011
InRoadsProducts
InRoadsProducts
TheInRoadsfamilyofcivilsolutionsprovidescivilengineeringtoolsthatfacilitate
workflow,andinterfaceswithbothMicroStationandAutoCAD.
InRoads
InRoadsprovidescivilengineeringtoolsforroadandcorridordesign.Examplesof
theInRoadsdesignfunctionalityinclude:roadandsitemodelingcapabilities,
alignmenttools,typicalsections,superelevation,andvolumecomputation.
InRoadsincludesallofthefunctionalitydeliveredinInRoadsSite.
InRoadsSite
InRoadsSiteprovidessitedesigntools,digitalterrainmodeling,andcoordinate
geometrytoolsneededtogeneratecontours,profiles,crosssections,andcut
andfillvolumes.
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InRoadsProducts
InRoadsSurvey
InRoadsSurveyenablesyoutotransferdatafromelectronicfieldbooks(EFBs)to
theMicroStationorAutoCADenvironment,withinteractivedataediting
capabilities.Contourscanbedisplayed,surveysadjustedandresultsvisually
verified.
InRoadsBridge
InRoadsBridgeprovidestoolstolayoutsimpleandcomplexbridgegeometry
basedontheexistinggroundconditions.InRoadsBridgealsohasinteractivetools
tocreateprecise3Dgeometricmodelsfromwhichdrawingsandreportscanbe
created.
InRoadsStorm&Sanitary
InRoadsStorm&Sanitaryoffers3Dmodeling,designandanalysis,drawing
production,anddatamanagementcapabilitiesforstormandsanitarydrainage
networks.
BentleyRailTrack
BentleyRailTrackprovidesanindustryspecificsetofraildesign,maintenance,
andmanufacturingtools.BentleyRailTrackalsoprovidestoolsforgeometry,site
andtrackdesign,railmanufacturing,reporting,viewing,andannotation.Bentley
RailTrackalsoincludesallthefunctionalitydeliveredinInRoads.
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Jan2011
InRoads:AnAssortmentofTools
InRoads:AnAssortmentofTools
ThinkofInRoadsasatoolboxcontaininganassortmentoftools.Eachtoolhasa
specificuse.Whentheindividualtoolsarecombinedandusedinaspecificorder,
itscalledaworkflow.Workflowsareusedtoaccomplishspecificprojectoriented
tasks.AnexampleofaworkflowisCreatingaHorizontalAlignment.Workflows
canbeusedonsimpleandcomplexprojects.
Inthiscourse,wewilllearnaboutworkflowsthataccomplishcommontasks.We
willalsolearnaboutthetoolsusedintheseworkflows.
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WhatCanyouAccomplishwithInRoads?
WhatCanyouAccomplishwithInRoads?
InRoadsprovidesthefunctionalitytoaccomplishavarietyofprojectsthat
include:
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Roadandcorridordesign
Roadwidening
Roadresurfacing
Landfilldesign
Sitedesign
Residentialandcommerciallanddevelopment
Rightofwayandpropertylayout
Jan2011
AdditionalInformation
AdditionalInformation
AllInRoadsproductshaveabuiltinHelpsystem.ClickHelpinanyInRoadsdialog
boxtoaccessthehelpsystemfortheactivetool.Thehelpsystemisalsoavailable
byselectingHelp>ContentsfromtheInRoadsmenu.
TheBeCommunitieswebsiteisthedestinationfortheworldsinfrastructure
communitymemberstoconnect,communicate,andlearnfromeachother.This
professionalnetworkingisdonethroughavarietyofmeans,including:
Forumsforexchangingideasanddiscussingawiderangeoftechnical
subjects.
WikiafreeformresourcewithintheBeCommunitiesforcreating
andmaintainingreferencecontent.
Blogsonlinejournalsforcommunitiesandindividualstopublish
commentary,opinions,andideas.
ResourceGalleriesaplacetoshareandexchangeimagesandfiles
withcommunitymembers.
ToaccesstheBeCommunities,visitwww.bentley.com.
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StartingInRoads
StartingInRoads
LaunchInRoadsorPowerInroadsfromtheStart>AllPrograms>Bentleymenu
choices.
or
DoubleclicktheInRoadsorPowerInRoadsShortcutcreatedonyourdesktop.
or
1 StartMicroStation.
2 SelectApplications>InRoadsGroup>ActivateInRoads.
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Jan2011
ExerciseStartInRoads
ExerciseStartInRoads
StartInRoadsorPowerInRoads
1 DoubleclicktheInRoadsorPowerInRoadsicon
orlaunchInRoads/PowerInRoadsfromtheStart>AllPrograms>Bentley
menuchoices.
TheMicroStationdialogappears.
OpenaCADFile
1 Setthedirectoryto
C:\BentleyTraining\InRoads101\TourofInRoads\Practice\
2 SelectthefileStartingInRoads.dgn,thenclickOpen.
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CADGraphics
CADGraphics
InRoadsusesCADfilestodisplayCADgraphics.TheCADfileusedbyInRoadsis
referredtoastheWorkingfile.Thisfilecanbeascratchfileoritcanbeafinal
plansheetfile.MostofthegraphicsdisplayedintheCADfilebyInRoadsare
recognizedbyInRoadscommands.YoucaninteractwithInRoadsgraphicsusing
theInRoadstools.
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Jan2011
TheInRoadsExplorer
TheInRoadsExplorer
InRoadsExplorer
TheInRoadsExplorerisdividedintofourmajorparts:
MenuBarTheMenuBarcontainsmenusforallofthetoolsavailableforthe
activeInRoadsmodules.SincetheInRoadssuiteiscomposedofdifferent
modules,themenusdisplayedwillvarydependingonwhichproductand
ApplicationAddinsareactive.MenusaresharedacrosstheInRoadsSuiteof
Products.
WorkspaceBarTheWorkspaceBaristhecontrolcenterforallInRoadsProject
Data.
FeedbackPaneTheFeedbackPanedisplaysdetailsaboutthedataselectedin
theWorkspaceBar.
StatusBarTheStatusBaristhelocationonthebottomleftcornerofthe
InRoadsExplorer.ItdisplaysInRoadsmessages,datareadout,anderrors.Ifthe
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TheInRoadsExplorer
commandbeingusedrequiresthatsomethingbelocatedoridentifiedintheCAD
file,additionalcommandpromptswilldisplayintheMicroStationStatusBar.
OtherInRoadsExplorerItems
ScrollBarsWhenresizingtheInRoadsExplorer,somedatamaynotbevisible
eitherintheWorkspaceBarorFeedbackPane.ScrollBarsallowyoutoviewthis
datawithoutresizingtheInRoadsExplorer.
RightclickPopupMenusTheInRoadsExplorerenablesaccesstocommon
functionsthroughpopupMenus.Thesemenusaredisplayedbyrightclicking.
DialogBoxesWhenatoolisselectedusingatoolbutton,orfromtheInRoads
menu,acommanddialogboxcommonlydisplayssothatmoreoptionsrelatedto
thecommandcanbespecified.
ToolbarsInRoadscontainsbuiltintoolbarsthatcanbedockedintheInRoads
Explorer.Youcanalsocreatecustomtoolbars.
Show/HideExplorerTheentireInRoadsexplorercanbehiddenfromviewby
rightclickingintheMicroStationviewwindowandselectingExplorerShow/Hide.
SelectthiscommandagaintoshowtheExplorer.IftheInRoadsExplorerishidden,
InRoadscommandscanbeaccessedthroughtheMicroStationTasks.
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Jan2011
ExploretheInterface
ExploretheInterface
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InRoadsFileTypes
InRoadsFileTypes
InRoadsFileTypes
TheInRoadsroaddesignprocessusesseveraldifferentfiletypes.AllInRoadsdata
isstoredinexternalfiles.TheCADfileisusedtoviewagraphicalrepresentation
ofthedesigndata,butthegraphicfilesdonotstoretheInRoadsdata.Deleting
theCADgraphicsdoesnotaffecttheInRoadsdata.Forexample,ifthegraphics
thatrepresentexistinggroundsurfacecontoursaredeleted,theInRoadsexisting
groundsurfacefileisnotmodified.
SurfaceFile(.dtm)
TheSurfacefilestoresfeaturesthataremadeupofrandompoints,breakline,
andboundarydata.TheSurfacefilealsocontainstriangledata.Thefeaturesand
thetrianglestogetherrepresentexistinggroundanddesignsurfaces.Multiple
surfacefilesmaybeopenforeditingatthesametime.AlthoughmultipleSurfaces
canbeopenedinInRoads,onlyoneSurfacecanbeeditedatagiventime.
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Jan2011
InRoadsFileTypes
GeometryProjectFile(.alg)
TheGeometryProjectFilestoresgeometricdataincludinghorizontalandvertical
alignmentsandCOGOpoints.MultipleGeometryProjectfilesmaybeloadedat
thesametime.AlthoughmultiplegeometryprojectscanbeopenedinInRoads,
onlyoneGeometryProjectfilecanbeeditedatagiventime.
TemplateLibraryFile(.itl)
TheTemplateLibraryFilestorestemplatesandtemplatecomponents.Different
componentscanbeassembledtobuildtemplates,whichdefinethetypical
sectionsofaroadway.OnlyoneTemplateLibraryfilemaybeopenforeditingata
giventime.
RoadwayDesign(.ird)
TheRoadwayDesignstoresinformationdefiningtheparametersofaroadway
design.Theseroadwaydesignparametersaredefinedusingatoolcalledthe
RoadwayDesigner.TheRoadwayDesignerisusedforcorridormanagement,
assigningtemplatedrops,creatingsuperelevation,reviewingthedesign,defining
templatetransitioningandcreatingdesignsurfaces.OnlyoneRoadwayDesign
filemaybeopenforeditingatagiventime.
ProjectFile(.rwk)
TheProjectfileprovidesaneasymethodofopeningandsavinganumberof
InRoadsdatafilesinasingleoperation.NoInRoadsdataisstoredinthisfile;itis
anASCIIfilethatliststheInRoadsdatafilestoopen.
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ResourceFiles
ResourceFiles
ResourceFiles
TheInRoadsPreferencefile(.xin)controlshowdatawillappearwhenitis
displayedintheCADfile.Preferencesetsstoredatarelatedsettingsanddialog
boxsettingsforlaterretrieval.Listedbelowareafewoftheparametersthatare
storedinpreferencefiles.
Howasurfacewillappearwhenviewedinplan,profileandcross
sections
Howgeometry,suchasalignmentsandpoints,willappearwhen
viewedinplanandprofile
HowProfileandCrossSectiongridspacing,textlabelsandaxis
symbologywillappear
Parametersandvaluesthathavebeenenteredandselectedindialog
boxfields,whichcanbesavedforlaterrecall
NumeroussettingsaresavedtotheInRoadsPreferencefileandprovideameans
bywhichtoimplementprojectspecificandorganizationalstandards.
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Jan2011
ResourceFiles
PreferenceFile(.xin)
ThePreferencefilestoresthepreferencesaccessibleoneachdialogbox,Style
definitions,andNamedSymbologydefinitions.StylesandNamedSymbology
definitionscontrolthedisplayofSurfacesandGeometryelements.
DraftingNotesFile(.dft)
TheDraftingNotesfilestoresnotedefinitionscreatedwiththevariousnote
placementtoolsfoundontheDraftingmenu.
StyleSheetsFile(.xsl)
TheStyleSheetsfileisusedtoformataraw.xmlfiletocreateafinished
report.
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ExerciseOpenaPreferenceFile
ExerciseOpenaPreferenceFile
OpenthePreferenceFile
WhenInRoadsstarts,apreferencefileisopenedautomatically.The
defaultpreferencefileisnamedCivil.xinandislocatedintheC:\Program
Files\Bentley\InRoadsGroup*\Data\folder,where*representsthe
versionofsoftware.
LocatethetrainingspecificpreferencefileintheBentleyTrainingfolder:
1 SelectFile>OpenfromtheInRoadsmenu.
2 BrowsetothepathC:\BentleyTraining\InRoads101\_Standards\.
3 SelectthePreferencefileBentleyTraining.xin.
4 ClickOpen.
AmessagestatingthattheBentleyTraining.xinfileisopenappearsinthe
StatusBaratthebottomoftheInRoadsExplorer.
Note:theOpendialogremainsopenafteryouopenafile.
5 ClickCanceltoclosetheOpendialog.
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Jan2011
InRoadsWorkflowTheBigPicture
InRoadsWorkflow
InRoadsdoesnotforcetheuserintoalinearworkflow.Itisapowerfultoolthat
canbeusedtodoawidevarietyofcomplextasks,suchasacloverleaf
interchangedesign,sitedesignorstakingreports.Sinceworkflowscanvary
widelydependingonthescopeoftheproject,itisdifficulttodescribethe
InRoadsworkflow.Itishowever,reasonabletosaythatmostprojectsfollowthe
generalworkflowasshownhere.
ProjectSetup
SetupoftheCADfilesisusuallythestartingpointofaproject.Concurrently,a
fieldsurveyalsotakesplacetogatherexistinginformation.Theinformationthat
thesurveyortypicallysuppliescancomeinmanyformats,includingrawdata,
graphicsorASCIItext.InRoadsisflexibleenoughtohandleavarietyofformats.
Thesurfaceisthenevaluatedusingavarietyofmethods,suchascrosssections,
profiles,andcontourdisplay.
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CreateGeometries
Oncethesurfaceisdeemedacceptable,thedesignerbeginscreatinggeometry.
InRoadsprovidesawidevarietyoftoolsforgeometrycreationthatcanbeusedin
anyworkflow.Therearemanydifferentwaystocreategeometryandthesteps
involvedmayvarydependingontheprojectscope.However,geometrycreation
typicallyinvolvescreatinghorizontalgeometry,creatingexistinggroundprofiles
andcrosssections,andcreatingverticalgeometries.
DesignRoadwayCorridor
Oncethegeometriesarecomplete,thedesignerwilltypicallycreatenew
templatesoruseexistingstandardtemplates.Thesetemplatesarethenusedto
designacorridormodelandgenerateaproposedsurface.
EvaluateResults
Onceacorridorisdesignedandprocessed,thedesignercanuseavarietyoftools
toevaluateandedittheresultsofthedesign.Reportscanbecreatedfor
importantdatasuchasgeometry,crosssections,andvolumes.Inaddition,more
specializedreportssuchasgradebooks,surveystakeout,slopestake,andlegal
descriptionreportscanbecreated.InRoadsreportscanbetraditionalhardcopy
reportsorelectronicdatasuchasautomatedmachinecontrolgrading.
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Jan2011
ExerciseCreateaCADFile
CreateaMicroStationFile
1 SelectFile>NewintheMicroStationmenu.
2 SetthedirectorytoC:\BentleyTraining\InRoads101\Tourof
InRoads\Practice\.
3 ClickBrowse.
TheSelectSeedFiledialogappears.
4 BrowsetotheC:\BentleyTraining\InRoads101\_Standards\folder.
5 SelecttheInRoads_Training_seed.dgnfile.
6 ClickOpen.
TheSelectSeedFiledialogdisappears,andtheselectedseedfileisshown
atthebottomoftheNewdialog.
7 EnterPracticeWorkingFile.dgnintheFilesfield.
8 ClickSave.
Thefilethatwasjustcreatedisopened,asseeninthetitlebarofthe
MicroStationwindow.
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VerifyMicroStationWorkingUnits
1 SelectSettings>DesignFilefromtheMicroStationmenu.
2 IntheDGNFileSettingsdialog,selecttheWorkingUnitscategory.
EnsurethatMasterUnitissettoUSSurveyFeet[Meters]
3 ClickOKtoclosetheDGNFileSettingsdialog.
ReviewtheInRoadsWorkspaceBarTabs
Note:TheInRoadsWorkspaceBartabsarelocatedatthebottomofthe
InRoadsWorkspace.Afewofthetabsarevisible,andyoucanviewthe
othersbyusingthearrowkeystoscrollleftandright.
1 SelecttheSurfacestabfromtheInRoadsWorkspaceBar.
NoticethattheDefaulticonisoutlinedinred,indicatingthatitisthe
activefiletheonethatisaffectedbyanyactionswetakeinInRoads.
2 SelecttheGeometrytabfromtheInRoadsWorkspaceBar.
NoticethattheDefaultGeometryProjectisactive.
3 SelectthePreferencetabfromtheInRoadsWorkspaceBar.
Noticethatthepreferencefileremainsopened,asindicatedintheStatus
Bar.InRoadsfilesremainopenevenwhencreatingnewCADfilesor
switchingbetweenCADfiles.
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Jan2011
MicroStationUnits
MicroStationUnits
MicroStationUnitsandtheSurveyFoot
ItisimportantthatyounotethetwodifferentlengthsofafootintheUnited
States,andMicroStationV8mustbesetupcorrectlyoryoumaynotbedrawing
whatyouthinkyouaredrawing.
MicroStationstoresalldatainternallyinmeters.Themeteristheofficialbaseunit
ofmeasurethroughouttheworld.Eventhoughfeetandinchesarethedominant
unitsofmeasureintheUnitedStates,theyarelegallydefinedbasedonthemeter.
MicroStationusestheworkingunitdefinitiontoconvertcoordinatesand
distancestoandfrommeters.Therefore,whentheworkingunitsaresettofeet
andinches,MicroStationstillstoresthecoordinatesinmetersandconvertsto
feetandinchestodisplaycoordinates,distances,measurements,dimensions,etc.
BecauseMicroStationV8convertsallvaluesfromfeet(oranyotherunit)to
meterstostorethedata,itiscriticalthatyouunderstandtheconversionprocess
andthedesiredfootmeasurement.Ifnot,yourdatamaynotbecorrect.
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MicroStationUnits
ThereisadifferencebetweenafootandaSurveyfoot.Thefollowingdefinitionis
takenfromthe1991editionofASTMpublicationE38089a(StandardPracticefor
UseofInternationalSystemofUnits).
TheU.S.MetricLawof1866gavetherelationship,1metreequals39.37
inches.Since1893theU.S.yardhasbeenderivedfromthemetre.In1959a
refinementwasmadeinthedefinitionoftheyardtobringtheU.S.yardand
theyardusedinothercountriesintoagreement.TheU.S.yardwaschanged
from3600/3937mto0.9144mexactly.Thenewlengthisshorterbyexactly
twopartsinamillion.
Atthesametimeitwasdecidedthatanydatainfeetderivedfromand
publishedasaresultofgeodeticsurveyswithintheU.S.wouldremainwith
theoldstandard(1ft=1200/3937m)untilfurtherdecision.Thisfootisnamed
theU.S.surveyfoot.
Thereforethefollowingdefinitionsareinexistencetoday:
1foot=.3048000m
1surveyfoot=1200/3937m .3048006m
ThefootinMicroStationsstandardunitlistisbasedonthefootdefinition,notthe
surveyfootdefinition.Thisisthecorrectdefinitionformostworkoutsideofthe
civilengineeringandsurveyingdisciplines.If,however,thedataisbasedon
geodeticsurveymeasurements,usingthestandardunitdefinitioninMicroStation
mayyieldincorrectresults.MostsurveydocumentationintheUSisbasedonthe
surveyfoot.However,itisimportanttocheckwithyoursurveyororlocal
authoritiesbecausesomedataisbasedonthefootdefinition.
Howmuchdifferencereallyexistsbetweenafootandasurveyfoot?Itdepends
onwhatyouaremeasuring.Asyoucanseebelow,largenumberssuchas
engineerstypicallyworkwithwhenusingStatePlaneCoordinatescanhave
significanterrorifthewrongfootdefinitionisused.
Shortdistances<1000feet
USSurveyFoot=InternationalFoot(measured1/100ofafoot)
At100,000feet
Definitionsresultinadifferenceofabout.2feet
At1,000,000feet(ApproximatesizeofmanyStatePlaneCoordinates)
Definitionsresultinadifferenceofabout2feet
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Jan2011
ProjectDefaults
ProjectDefaults
ProjectDefaults
ProjectDefaultsdefinethedefaultlocationforopeningandsavingInRoadsdata
filesrelatedtoaproject,aswellastheprojectpreferencefilesthatareloaded
whenInRoadsisactivated.TheProjectDefaultsarestoredlocallyintheWindows
registry.
TosetuptheProjectDefaults,selecttheFile>ProjectDefaultscommandinthe
InRoadsmenu.TheSetProjectDefaultsdialogboxisdividedintotwoprimary
sections:DefaultPreferencesandDefaultDirectoryPaths.
DefaultPreferencesInRoadspreferencefilesthatareloadedwhenaProject
DefaultsConfigurationNameisselected.
DefaultDirectoryPathsthefolderlocationswherethesetypesofInRoads
filesarelocated.Thespecificfilestobeloadedforaprojectareidentified
usingaProjectfile(.rwk).
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ProjectDefaults
MultipleProjectDefaultconfigurationscanbecreatedandsavedunderdifferent
names.Thepathforallfiletypescanbesettothesamelocation,orseparate
pathscanbesetforeachfiletype.
TocreateanewConfigurationNameormodifyanexistingone,clickApply.This
actionwritestheinformationtotheregistryofthecomputerthatyouare
currentlyusing.
ToactivateadifferentConfigurationName,selectitandclickClose.
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ExerciseSetUpProjectDefaults
InRoadsFilesWhichOpenAutomatically
WhenInRoadsstarts,aPreferencefileisneededtospecifythesettings
andparametersofeachdialogbox.ThePreferencefileisopenedas
specifiedintheProjectDefaults,ifconfigured.IftheProjectDefaultsare
notconfigured,InRoadswillopenapreferencefilewhichislocatedinthe
productfolders.
InRoadsalsocreatesaDefaultSurfaceandDefaultGeometryProject.
TheDefaultSurfaceandGeometryProjectareemptyandcanbeused
forscratchwork,butarenormallynotsavedduringatypicalInRoads
workflow.
SetUpProjectDefaults
Inthisexercise,youwillcreateaProjectDefaultconfigurationnamed
RoadFundamentalsandassigntoitthedefaultfolderlocationsforFile>
OpenandFileSavecommands.
1 FromtheInRoadsmenu,selectFile>ProjectDefaults.
TheProjectDefaultsdialogappears.
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2 ClickNew.
3 EnterRoadFundamentalsintheNewConfigurationdialogandclickOK.
TheSetProjectDefaultsdialogupdateswiththenewConfigurationName.
4 ClickinthePreferences(*.xin)fieldandclickBrowse.
5 BrowsetotheC:\BentleyTraining\InRoads101\_Standards\folder,and
selecttheBentleyTraining.xinfile.
6 ClickOpen.
7 ClickintheProjects(*.rwk)fieldandclickBrowse.
8 BrowsetotheC:\BentleyTraining\InRoads101\folder,andopenit.
9 ClickOpen.
TheProjects(*.rwk)fieldupdateswiththeC:\BentleyTraining\InRoads
101\folder.
10 Repeatthisproceduretocompletethefollowingfields:
Surfaces(*.dtm): C:\BentleyTraining\InRoads101\
GeometryProject(*.alg): C:\BentleyTraining\InRoads101\
TemplateLibraries(*.itl): C:\BentleyTraining\InRoads101\
RoadwayDesign(*.ird): C:\BentleyTraining\InRoads101\
11 VerifythattheProjectDefaultDirectoryfieldisblank.Deleteanytextthat
isinthisfield.
ThissettingMUSTbeblankorthe.rwkfilesusedinthistrainingdataset
willnotloadproperly.
12 ClickApply,thenclickClose.
InRoadswillusethisProjectDefaultdefinitionuntilitischanged.The
specifiedpreferencefileisautomaticallyopenedwhenInRoadsis
activated.ThefolderlocationsbecomethedefaultswhenusingtheFile>
OpenandFile>SaveAscommands.
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ExerciseReferenceaBasemap
ReferencingaSurveyDataBasemap
Agraphicdrawingorbasemapofthesurveyareaiscommonlyprovided
forthedesignertouseasabackdropduringthedesignprocess.Using
MicroStation,thebasemapwillbereferencedtotheworkingfile.By
referencingthebasemap,alloftheinformationinthebasemapisvisible;
however,itcannotbemodified.
AttachaReferenceFile
1 FromtheMicroStationmenu,selectFile>References.
TheReferencesdialogappears.
2 SelectTools>Attach.
3 BrowsetothefolderC:\BentleyTraining\InRoads101\Tourof
InRoads\Practice.
4 SelectthePractice_Existing.dgnfile,andclickOK.
TheReferenceAttachmentSettingsdialogappears.
5 SelectCoincidentWorldintheOrientationlist.
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6 ClickOktoattachthereference.
TheReferencedialogappears.ItdisplaysthePracticeExisting.dgnfile,
withitsattachmentmethodsettoCoincidentWorld.
7 ClosetheReferencesdialog.
YouwillnowviewtheattachedreferencefileintheMicroStationwindow.
8 SelecttheFitViewiconintheMicroStationViewwindowtoolbar.Exit
MicroStationandInRoadsbyclickingontheClosebuttonatthetopright
oftheMicroStationscreen.
9 FromtheMicroStationmenuselectFile>SaveSettings.
Thenexttimethefileisopened,theviewwillbesettoseethereference
file.
10 ExittheCADsoftware.
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Jan2011
CreatingandSavingFiles
CreatingNewFiles
NewInRoadsfilescanbecreatedbyselectingFile>NewfromtheInRoadsmenu.
IntheNewdialogbox,usethetabstoselectthedatatypetocreate.Next,enter
thedesiredName,completetheotherparameters,andselectApply.Thedata
appearsintheWorkspaceBaroftheInRoadsExplorer(afteryouselectthe
appropriatetab).
WhenusingtheFile>Newcommand,thenewdataisstoredinvirtualmemory
(loaded)inInRoads.
ThedatacreationtoolsdonotstoretheInRoadsdatatothecomputerharddrive;
thefilesonlyexistinvirtual(ortemporary)memory.Unlesssavedtodisk,the
newInRoadsdatawillbelostwhenInRoadsisclosed.
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SavingFiles
WhenanInRoadsdatafileiscreatedorloadedfromdisk,itresidesinvirtual
memory.Editingthisdatadoesnotsaveittotheharddrive.Thedataisheldin
memoryuntilacommandisexecutedtosavethedatatodisk.Youmustusethe
Savecommandstoperiodicallysaveyourwork.IffilesareclosedorInRoadsis
exitedbeforesaving,apromptwillappearaskingifyouwishtosavethefile
beforeexiting.
InRoadsallowsyoutosavesurfacesandGeometryProjectsusingadifferent
internalnamethantheexternalname(orFilename).
Theinternalfilenameisthenamegiventoadatatypewhenitiscreated
usingtheFile>Newcommand.Thisisalsothenamethatappearsinthe
InRoadsdialogboxes.
Theexternalfilenameisthenamegiventothedatatypewhenitissavedon
thediskusingtheFile>Savecommand.Theexternalfileshavetheextensions
.algand.dtm.
Forexample,youcancreateasurfaceusingtheFile>Newcommandandnameit
ExistingGround.WhenyousavethatsurfaceusingtheFile>Save>Surface
command,youcansaveittoafilenamedSR1045_Existing.dtm.Whenyouopen
thefileSR1045_Existing.dtm,allreferencestothatsurfaceintheInRoadsdialog
boxeswouldbeExistingGround.
Itishighlyrecommendedthatyoukeeptheinternalandexternalnamesthe
same.
InRoadsautomaticallyusestheSaveAsfunctionalitywhensavingInRoads
datathathasnotbeenpreviouslysaved,evenwhenusingtheFile>Save
command.However,youcanoptionallyusetheFile>SaveAscommandifyou
choose.TheFile>Savecommandsavestheactivesurface,geometry,etc.To
savenonactivedatayoushouldusetheSaveAscommand,whichallowsyou
toselectthedatayouwanttosave.
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Jan2011
ClosingFilesandExitingInRoads
ClosingFiles
AfilecanberemovedfromInRoadsvirtualmemorybyselectingFile>Closefrom
theInRoadsexplorermenu.Ifthefilehasbeenpreviouslysavedtodisk,the
InRoadsdataispreservedinthediskfile.IftheInRoadsdatahasnotbeensaved
todisk,thedataislost.EachInRoadsdatafilecanbeclosedseparatelyorallthe
InRoadsdatafilescanbeclosedatonetimebyselectingFile>Close>All.
ExitingInRoads
ToexitInRoads,selectFile>ExitfromtheInRoadsExplorer.Ifdatathatis
currentlyloadedinInRoadshasnotbeensavedtodisk,analertappearsaskingif
thedatashouldbesaved.ClickYestosaveonlytheInRoadsdatashowninthe
alert.ClickYestoAlltosaveallcurrentlyloadedInRoadsdata.Ifthefilehasnot
beenpreviouslysavedtodisk,theSaveAsdialogboxappearssothatyoucan
specifythefilenameandfolder.
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NOTE:IfyouareusingPowerInRoads,youcannotexitInRoadswhileleaving
MicroStationopen.ClosebothapplicationsatthesametimebyclickingtheClose
buttonontheupperrightoftheMicroStationscreen.
ATourofInRoads
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Jan2011
IntroductiontoSurfaces
Inthischapter,wewilllearnaboutthebasicconceptsofSurfaces.Wewilldisplay
thesurfacecontours,trianglesandfeaturesofaSurface.Wewillalsolearnabout
thepropertiesofaSurface.
Jan2011
57
Objectives
Objectives
58
Learnaboutsurfacesandthetypesofdatathatdefinesasurface.
Displaysurfacecontours,featuresandtriangles.
Learnaboutthesurfaceproperties.
Jan2011
Objectives
menuchoices.
MicroStationappears.
OpenaCADFile
1 SetthedirectorytoC:\BentleyTraining\InRoads101\Introto
Surfaces\Practice\.
2 SelectthefileViewSurface.dgn,thenclickOpen.
OpenthePreferenceFile
1 SelectthePreferencestabintheInRoadsExplorer.
2 VerifythatthepreferencefileBentleyTraining.xinisintheC:\Bentley
Training\InRoads101\_Standards\folder.
Thepreferencefileshouldbeautomaticallyopenedfromtheproject
defaultspreviouslysetup.Ifthefileisopened,skiptothenexttopic
(Surfaces).
Ifthefileisnotloaded,completethefollowingsteps.
4 ChangetheFilesoftypetoPreferences(*.xin).
5 Browsetothe
C:\BentleyTraining\InRoads101\_Standards\folder.
6 SelectthefileBentleyTraining.xinandclickOpen.
7 ClickCanceltoclosethedialog.
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59
Surfaces
Surfaces
Surfaces
Asurfaceisarepresentationofthephysicalterrain.Surfacepointsareconnected
togethertoformsurfacetriangles.Thisprocessisknownastriangulation.
ThetermssurfaceandDigitalTerrainModel(DTM)canbeusedinterchangeably.
Bothtermsrefertoatriangulatedmodelrepresentingaphysicalterrainsuchas
theexistinggroundorproposeddesign.
CurrentversionsofInRoadssoftwaretypicallyusethetermsurfaceinsteadof
digitalterrainmodelorDTM.However,manyothersoftwareapplicationsreferto
theirmodelsasdigitalterrainmodels.
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Jan2011
SurfaceTriangulation
Tohaveknownelevationsthroughoutthesurface,thesurfacemustbe
triangulated.YoucantriangulateasurfacebyselectingSurface>Triangulate
Surface.
Thiscommandformstrianglesfromthesurfacepointsbyactivatingthe
triangulationalgorithm.Thisalgorithm,basedonDelaunay'scriteria,creates
small,triangularplanesthatdefinetheterrainsurface.
Sincethex,y,zcoordinatesofeachtriangle'sverticesareknown,theelevationof
anypointontheresultingtriangularplanecanbecomputedthrough
interpolation.
TheMaximumLengthoptionisusedtolimitthelengthoftriangles.Changingthe
maximumsegmentlengthautomaticallyremovesunwantedlongtriangles,which
spanacrossareaswheretheterraindataisunknown.Anytrianglewithaside
longerthanthemaximumsegmentlengthwillnotbecreatedinthesurface.A
maximumlengthofzeroallowsatriangleofanylengthtobecreated.
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61
SurfaceFeatures
SurfaceFeatures
Features
InRoadsusesthetermfeaturetorefertothepointsandlinesthatarecontainedin
asurface.Thefeatureswithinthesurfacedefinehoweachpointisdisplayedand
howitinfluencesthetriangulationofthesurface.
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Jan2011
FeatureTypes
FeatureTypes
FeatureTypes
Afeatureismadeofoneormorepoints.Thefeaturetypeaffectshowthe
triangleswhichconnectthepointstogetherareformed.
Random
Randomfeatures,alsocalledspotpoints,representnonuniformlyspaced
pointsthathavenodirectrelationshiptootherpoints.Randomfeaturesare
commonlyfoundwhenthesurveyedareaconsistsofanopenfieldorgrassy
area,sincetherearenoidentifiableterrainfeatures.
Breakline
Breaklinefeaturesrepresentalineardiscontinuityinasurfacesuchasaridge,
ditch,edgeofpavement,centerline,orcurb.Thebreaklinefeaturetype
specifiesthatallpointsinthefeatureareconnectedasalinearsegment.
Whenthesurfaceistriangulated,thetrianglesareformedsothatnotriangle
legcrossesanybreaklinefeatures.Thismaintainstheintegrityoftheslope
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63
FeatureTypes
betweenbreaklinefeaturepointsduringtriangulation,resultinginamore
accuratesurface.
Contour
Contourfeaturesarelinearfeaturesthatcomefromcontourdata,whichis
commonlyavailablefrommappingagencies.Contourfeaturesare
triangulatedinthesamewayasbreaklinefeatures.Surfacescreatedfrom
contourdataarenormallynotasaccurateassurfacescreatedfromBreakline
andRandomfeatures.
Interior
Interiorfeaturesareclosedshapedlinearfeaturesthatrepresentavoidor
holeinthesurface.Notrianglesareformedinsidetheinteriorfeatures,and
therecanbeunlimitedinteriorfeaturesinasinglesurface.Examplesinclude:
buildingfootprints,lakes,andobscureareas.
Exterior
Exteriorfeaturesareclosedshapedlinearfeaturesthatformaboundary
aroundthesurface.Notrianglewillbeformedoutsidetheexteriorfeature.An
exteriorfeatureiscommonlyusedtopreventtrianglesfrombeingformedin
areaswherethesurveydataisnotknown.Itisalsousedtomaintaincutand
filllinesonaproposeddesign.Therecanbeonlyoneexteriorfeatureina
singlesurface.
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Jan2011
UsingBreaklineFeatures
Toproduceanaccuratesurface,itistypicallynecessarytosupplementthe
randomfeatureswithstringsorshapesofpointscollectedalonglinearbreaksin
theground.Forexample,anexistinggroundsurfacewilllikelycontainlinestrings
alongallmajorbreaksintheterrain,suchasedgesofroadway,edgesof
waterways,andsoon.
Sincebreaklinefeaturesholdthelinearrelationshipbetweenpoints,breaklines
moreaccuratelymodelthelinearfeaturesinasurface.
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ExteriorFeatures
ExteriorFeatures
ExteriorFeatures
Exteriorfeatures(alsocalledexteriorboundaries)areclosedshapedlinear
featuresthatformaboundaryaroundthesurface.Notriangleisformedoutside
theexteriorfeature.Anexteriorfeatureiscommonlyusedtopreventtriangles
frombeingformedinareaswherethesurveydataisnotknown.Itisalsousedto
maintaincutandfilllinesonaproposeddesign.Youcanonlyhaveoneexterior
featureinasinglesurface.
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Jan2011
InteriorFeatures
InteriorFeatures
InteriorFeatures
Interiorfeaturesareclosedshapedlinearfeaturesthatrepresentavoidorholein
thesurface.Notrianglesareformedinsidetheinteriorfeatures.Youcanhave
unlimitedinteriorfeaturesinasinglesurface.
Examplesinclude:buildingfootprints,lakes,andobscureareas.
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67
PreferenceSets
PreferenceSets
Preference
APreferenceisagroupofsettingsforanInRoadscommand.Thesesettingscan
besavedandthenretrievedatalatertime.
Forexample,youcancreatetwoPreferencesetsfortheViewContours
command,onecalledExistingSurface,andtheothercalledFinishedSurface,
wherethefirstdisplayscontoursat5intervalsandtheotherat10intervals.
YoucanassignaPreferencesettotheViewContourscommandforyourcurrent
session,byloadingthePreferencesetbeforerunningthecommand.Todothat,
opentheViewCommandsdialogbox(selectSurface>ViewSurface>Contours),
clickPreferences,selectthePreferencename,andclickLoad.Oncethe
Preferencesetisopened,itremainsopenedforthatsession.
Auserdefineddefaultpreferenceset(orPreferredPreference)isopened
whenthedialogisfirstopened.Youcansetthepreferreddefaultpreferenceby
selectingFile>ProjectDefaultsintheInRoadsmenuandsettingthePreferred
PreferenceName.
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Jan2011
TheStyleManager
TheStyleManager
TheStyleManager
TheStyleManagerisusedtoconfigurethewayInRoadsdisplaysgraphics.It
controlsthegraphicdisplay(symbology)ofsurfacefeatures,geometryfeatures
andsurveyfeatures.Italsocontrolswhetherthesefeaturesaredisplayedornot.
TheStyleManageriswherestylesarecreatedandedited.ToaccesstheStyle
Manager,selectTools>StyleManager.ClickNeworEdittocreatenewFeature
Stylesoreditexistingones.OnestylecanapplytoSurface,Geometry,andSurvey,
andoncetheNewStyleorEditStyledialogboxopens,youcanaccessaleaffor
eachofthosefeaturetypes.
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TheStyleManager(Contd)
StyleManagerLeaves
TherearefiveleavesontheleftpaneoftheEditStyleorNewStyledialog.The
SurfaceFeatures,GeometryFeatures,andSurveyFeaturesleavesallowyouto
specifyhowafeatureistobedisplayedwhenitoccursinsurfacedata,geometry
dataorsurveydata.ThereisalsoaGeneralleafandaSymbologyleaf.
GeneralLeaf
SpecifieswhichfeaturetheStylecanbeappliedto.
SymbologyLeaf
SpecifiestheNamedSymbologyusedforthegraphicdisplay.
SurfaceFeatureLeaf
TheSurfaceFeatureleafcontrolshowsurfacefeaturesaredisplayed.The
SettingsleafoftheSurfaceFeatureleafcontrolswhetherfeaturescanbe
displayedinthePlan,Profileand/orCrossSectionView.TheSymbologyleaf
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Jan2011
oftheSurfaceFeatureleafdefineswhichNamedSymbologywillbeusedfor
displayingthefeatureinthePlan,Profileand/orCrossSectionView.
GeometryFeatureLeaf
TheGeometryFeatureleafcontrolshowgeometryfeaturesaredisplayed.
GeometryhasfourleaveswhichcontrolhowPoints,Lines,ArcsandSpirals
aredisplayed.
SurveyFeatureLeaf
TheSurveyFeatureleafcontrolshowsurveyfeaturesaredisplayed.
TheStyleManagerisusedinconjunctionwithSurveyCodes.Thislinkis
coveredingreaterdetailinourInRoadsSurveyFundamentalsclass.
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TheNamedSymbologyManager
TheNamedSymbologyManager
NamedSymbologyManager
ANamedSymbologydefineshowapoint,line,ortextwillbedisplayedinCAD.
NamedsymbologyisusedbytheStyleManagertodefinethedisplayofgraphics,
controllingthecolor,level,weight,andlinestyleofdisplayedelements.Itcontrols
thedisplayoftext.Italsospecifieswhichcellsandsymbolswillbeusedtodisplay
points.
TheNamedSymbologyManagerisusedtocreateandeditnamedsymbologyin
InRoads.ToaccesstheNamedSymbologyManager,selectTools>Named
SymbologyManager.
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Jan2011
ExerciseViewSurfaceCommands
Inthisexercise,youwillopenasurfaceusingtwodifferentPreference
Setsandcomparetheresultingcontourgraphics.Youwillalsoviewthe
surfacetrianglesandsurfacefeatures.
OpenaSurface
2 OpenthesurfaceHemfieldExisting.dtmfromthe
C:\BentleyTraining\InRoads101\_CommonReferences\folder.
TheStatusBarsaysthefileHemfieldExisting.dtmisopen.
Thedialogstaysopensoyoucaneasilyloadmultiplesurfaces,orother
typesofInRoadsdata,inasingleoperation.
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LoadaPreferenceSetandViewtheSurfaceContours
1 SelectSurface>ViewSurface>Contours.
TheViewContoursdialogopens.
2 ClickPreferencesatthebottomofthedialog.
3 SelecttheExistingSurfacepreference.
4 ClickLoad.
5 ClickClosetoclosethePreferencesdialog.
6 ClickApply.
Note:TheViewContoursdialogboxremainsopen.
7 SelecttheMicroStationFitViewcommand.
Noticethecontourgraphics.
ChangethePreferenceSetandViewtheSurfaceContours
1 ClickPreferencesintheViewContoursdialogbox.
2 SelecttheFinishedSurfacepreference.
3 ClickLoad.
5 ClickApply.
6 ClosetheViewContoursdialog.
Noticethedifferenceinthecontourgraphics.
ViewtheSurfaceTriangles
1 SelectSurface>ViewSurface>Triangles.
2 ClickPreferences.
3 SelecttheExistingSurfacePreference.
4 ClickLoad.
6 ClickApply.
7 ClickClosetoclosetheViewTrianglesdialog.
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Jan2011
ViewtheSurfaceFeatures
2 OpenthesurfaceExistingSurvey.dtmfromtheC:\Bentley
Training\InRoads101\_CommonReferences\folder.
ExistingSurveyisnowtheactivesurface.
4 SelectSurface>ViewSurface>Features.
5 ClickApply.
6 ClickClosetoclosetheViewFeaturesdialog.
7 SelecttheMicroStationFitViewcommand.
Noticethedisplayofthetwodifferentsurfacesyouhaveloaded.
8 SelectSurface>FitSurface.
TheviewzoomstoshowtheactivesurfacewhichiscurrentlytheExisting
Surveysurface.
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75
SurfaceProperties
SurfaceProperties
SurfaceProperties
Immediatelyafterloadingasurface,youshouldreviewthesurfacespropertiesto
quicklyverifythesurface.
ToaccesstheSurfacePropertiesdialogbox,rightclickonthenameofthesurface
intheWorkspaceBaroftheInRoadsExplorerandselectProperties.Anotherway
toaccesstheSurfacePropertiescommandistoselectSurface>Surface
Properties.
Youcanonlyreviewthepropertiesofonesurfaceatatime.Youcanchangethe
nameofthedisplayedsurfaceherebyenteringthenewnameandclickingApply.
AdvanceTab
TheadvancedtabincludespickliststodefinetheNamedSymbology
definitionfordisplayingthesurfaceoncrosssectionsandprofiles.
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Jan2011
ExerciseSurfaceReview
ReviewtheSurfaceProperties
1 SelectSurface>SurfaceProperties.
TheSurfacePropertiesdialogboxappears.
2 EnsurethatHemfieldExistingisshownintheSurfacefield.
TheSurfacefieldshowstheactivesurface.Selectingadifferentsurface
namesetsthatsurfaceastheactivesurface.
3 ReviewtheMinimumandMaximumcoordinatesinthelowerleftcorner
ofthedialogbox.
CreateaReviewSurfaceReport
1 ClickReport,andreviewtheresults.
2 SelectSaveAs.
3 EnterHemfieldExisting.txtfortheFilename.
4 Savethefiletothe
C:\BentleyTraining\InRoads101\IntrotoSurfaces\Practice\folder.
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77
ExitInRoads
1 ClosetheResultsdialog.
2 ClosetheSurfacePropertiesdialog.
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Jan2011
CollectingSurfaceData
Fieldsurveys,aerialphotography,andcontourmapsareallsourcesforcollecting
surfacedata.Generally,themostaccuratedatacomesfromfieldsurveys.
Whileallmethodsofcollectingsurfacedataarevalid,thedesignprojecttype
dictatestheaccuracyandlevelofdetailrequired.
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79
ImportingSurfaceData
ThefollowingarewaystobringsurfacedataintoInRoads:
InRoadsSurvey
TheeasiestmethodforimportingsurfacedataintoInRoadsistheInRoadsSurvey
application.UsingInRoadsSurvey,therawdatafromthesurveydatacollectoris
importedandprocessed.Asurfacecanbecreateddirectlyfromtheprocessed
data.
DEMImport
ThiscommandloadsDigitalElevationModel(DEM)dataintoasurface.DEMdata
offersawaytocreatesurfacemodelswheredetailedsurveyaccuracyisnot
required.
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Jan2011
TextImportWizard
TheTextImportWizardallowsyouimportsurfacedatainavarietyofASCII
formats.TheTextImportWizardisflexiblebecauseyoucandescribetheformat
ofthefilesyouareimporting.
ImportSurfaceFromGraphics
TheImportSurfaceFromGraphicscommandallowsyoutocreatesurfacesfrom
3DCADgraphics.Importingsurfacedatafromgraphicsisawidelyusedmethod
ofbringingsurfacedataintoInRoads.
LandXML
LandXMLisaspecializedXMLdatafileformatcontainingcivilengineeringand
surveydatacommonlyusedinthelanddevelopmentandtransportation
industries.
TheLandXMLfileformatprovidesthefollowingcapabilities:
Transferringengineeringdesigndatabetweenproducersand
consumers
Providingadataformatsuitableforlongtermdataarchival
Providingastandardformatforelectronicdesignsubmission
SurfaceCreationandEditingisnottaughtinthiscourse.SurfaceCreationand
Editingstepbystepexercisesareavailableinothercourses.Pleasevisit
www.bentley.com/LearningPathstoreviewtheseadditionaltrainingoptions.
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81
FeatureProperties
FeatureProperties
FeatureProperties
TheFeaturePropertiestoolisusedtoviewandeditthepropertiesoffeatures
storedinthesurfacefile.Toaccessthefeaturepropertiestool,selectSurface>
Feature>FeatureProperties.
Alistofindividualfeaturesstoredinthesurfacearedisplayedinthedialogbox.
Remember,allcoordinatepointsusedforasurfacemustbestoredasafeature.
FeatureName
Everyfeatureinasurfacehasaname.Eachfeaturenameinasurfacemustbe
unique.Forexample,inasurfacetheremightbefouredgeofpavementfeatures,
buttheycannotallhavethenameEOP.Therefore,thefeaturenamescouldbe
calledEOP1,EOP2,EOP3,andEOP4.
Eachfeaturehasanassociatedfeaturestyle,whichdescribeshowandwherea
featurewilldisplay.Forexample,allfouredgeofpavementfeaturescouldhavea
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Jan2011
FeatureProperties
featurestylenamedExist_EOP.Allfouredgesofpavementwouldthenlookthe
same,eventhoughtheirnamesaredifferent,becausetheyareusingthesame
featurestyle.
Triangulation
Oneofthepropertiesofafeatureisthefeaturetype.Thefeaturetypecanbe
Random,Breakline,Contour,InteriororExterior.
Anothertriangulationpropertyiswhetherthefeatureisincludedinthe
triangulatedmodel.WhentheExcludefromTriangulationoptionisselected,
InRoadswillnotincludetheselectedfeaturewhenbuildingatriangulatedmodel.
Acommonuseforthisisundergroundoroverheadutilities.Theutilitystillexists
inthesurface,butitdoesnotaffectthetriangulationofthesurface.
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SummaryandReview
SummaryandReview
Summary
Youarenowableto:
84
Understandsurfacesandthetypesofdatathatdefinesasurface.
Displaysurfacecontours,featuresandtriangles.
Understandandusesurfaceproperties.
Jan2011
SummaryandReview
Questions:
Beforecontinuing,letsreinforcewhatyouhavelearned.
1 TrueorFalse:AnInRoadssurfaceisarepresentationofthephysical
terrain.
True
False
2 Listthreetypesofsurfacefeatures.
1__________
2__________
3__________
3 TrueorFalse:Namedsymbologydefineshowgraphicsaredisplayed.
True
False
4 TrueorFalse:NamedsymbologyisdefinedusingtheStyleManager.
True
False
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SummaryandReview
Answers:
1 TrueorFalse:Asurfaceisarepresentationofthephysicalterrain.
TrueAnInRoadssurfaceisadigitalterrainmodelofthephysicalterrain.
Commonlyasurfaceiscreatedtomodeltheexistingororiginalground
terrainandanothersurfacetomodeltheproposedordesignterrain.
2 Listthreetypesofsurfacefeatures.
Therearefivetypesofsurfacefeatures.Eachtypeofsurfacefeaturehasa
specialbehaviorandpurpose.
1Random
2Breakline
3Contour
4Interior
5Exterior
3 TrueorFalse:Namedsymbologydefineshowgraphicsaredisplayed.
TrueNamedsymbologydefinesthegraphicdisplaypropertiesforlinear,
text,andpointelements.Oncedefined,elementsassociatedwiththe
namedsymbologywillalwaysappearthesame.Namedsymbologyisa
verypowerfultoolusedtomaintaindesignanddraftingstandards.
Namedsymbologyisstoredinthe.xinpreferencefile.
4 TrueorFalse:NamedsymbologyisdefinedusingtheStyleManager.
FalseNamedsymbologyisdefinedusingtheNamedSymbology
Manager.However,thenamedsymbologydefinitionsarethenassociated
withstylesdefinedusingtheStyleManager.Itisthestylethatis
associatedwiththeelement.Boththenamedsymbologyandstyle
definitionsarestoredinthe.xinpreferencefile.
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Jan2011
ProjectTask
ProjectTask
TaskObjective
Displaytheexistinggroundcontoursanddesignsurfacefeatures.
GivenData
ProjectFiles
Description Name
PreferenceFile:
C:\BentleyTraining\InRoads101\_Standards\Bentley
Training.xin
FileLocation C:\BentleyTraining\InRoads101\_Standards\Task\
Graphics: MeadowParkWorking.dgn
Design: MeadowParkProposed.dtm
Exist.Ground:
C:\BentleyTraining\InRoads101\_Common
References\MeadowParkExisting.dtm
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ProjectTask
Requirements
CloseandrestarttheCADsoftwareiftheyarerunningfromaprevious
exercise.
OpentheworkingCADfile.
Opentheexistinggroundandproposeddesignsurfaces.
DisplaythecontoursoftheexistinggroundsurfaceusingtheExisting
Surfacepreference.
RedisplaythecontoursoftheexistinggroundsurfaceusinganInterval
of5[1.5M].
Displaythefeaturesoftheproposeddesignsurface.
UsetheMicroStationViewAttributesdialogtodisabletheFilloption.
(Settings>ViewAttributes)
AssistanceVideo
Videosdemonstratinghowtocompletethisprojectareavailableifyouneed
assistance.
1 FromtheInRoadsmenu,selectHelp>Training.
2 SelectRoadFundamentalsusingInRoadsfortheLearningModule.*
3 SelecttheIntrotoSurfacesfolder.
4 Doubleclickonthevideotoview.
*IfthecoursenamedoesnotappearintheLearningModule,thesearchpathfor
thetrainingvideosneedstobedefined.ThisisdonebyselectingFile>Training
Directoryandbrowsingtothec:\BentleyTraining\Videos\folder.
Questions
WhatarethehighestandlowestelevationsoftheExistingGround
Surface?
HowmanybreaklinepointsareintheDesignSurface?
TimeAllowed
15Minutes
Cleanup
WhenfinishedexittheCADsoftware.
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Jan2011
IntroductiontoGeometry
Inthischapter,wewilllearnaboutthebasicconceptsofGeometry.Wewilllearn
aboutthestructureoftheGeometryProjectfile.Wewillimportahorizontal
alignmentfromgraphicsandsetthestartingstationforthealignment.Wewill
displaythehorizontalalignmentstationingandannotatethealignment.
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WhereAreWeintheBigPicture?
WhereAreWeintheBigPicture?
Atthispointintheprojectwehavedonethefollowing:
SetuptheCADfile
Setupprojectdefaults
Analyzedtheexistingdata
Now,wearereadytocreategeometrieswhichwillinvolvethefollowingtasks:
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Createhorizontalgeometry.
Createexistinggroundprofilesandcrosssections.
Createverticalgeometry.
Jan2011
Objectives
Objectives
LearnaboutGeometryProjects.
Learnhowtodisplaygeometry.
Createhorizontalalignmentsfromgraphics.
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Objectives
menuchoices.
OpenaCADFile
1 SetthedirectorytoC:\BentleyTraining\InRoads101\Introto
Geometry\Practice\.
2 SelectthefileImportAlignmentGraphic.dgn,thenclickOpen.
OpeningthePreferenceFile
1 SelectthePreferencestabintheInRoadsExplorer.
2 VerifythatthepreferencefileBentleyTraining.xinintheC:\Bentley
Training\InRoads101\_Standards\folderisloaded.
Thepreferencefileshouldhaveautomaticallyopenedbecauseofthe
ProjectDefaultspreviouslysetup.Ifso,skipthefollowingstepsand
continuetothenexttopic(WhatisaGeometryProject?).Ifthefileis
notloaded,completethefollowingsteps.
4 BrowsetothepathC:\BentleyTraining\InRoads101\_Standards\.
5 SelectthePreferencefileBentleyTraining.xinandclickOpen.
6 ClickCanceltodismissthedialog.
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Jan2011
WhatisaGeometryProject?
WhatisaGeometryProject?
GeometryProject
TheGeometryProjectcontainsgeometryelements,whichincludecoordinate
geometrypoints,horizontalalignments,andverticalalignments.Thefile
extensionfortheGeometryProjectis.alg.
Inadditiontothegeometryelements,theGeometryProjectalsostores
stationinginformationforthealignmentsincludingthestartingstationand
stationequations,aswellasimportantpointsalongthealignmentknownas
EventPoints.
EventPointsareamethodoflocatingimportantlocationsalonganalignment.
Thesepointsareeitherbasedonastationandoffsetoronfixedcoordinates.The
stationandoffsetmethodallowsthepointtomoveasthealignmentdefinitionis
changed.Fixedcoordinateeventpointsdonotmovewhenthealignmentis
changed.
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GeometryProjectStructure
AGeometryProjectissimilarinconcepttoadatabase.Itstoresandorganizes
pointinformation.TheremaybeseveralGeometryProjectsopenedinInRoads,
butonlyonecanreceiveinputatatime.ThisiscalledtheactiveGeometry
Project.
AgeometryprojectisorganizedintohierarchalcategoriesstartingwiththeCOGO
pointbufferandhorizontalalignments.Onlyonealignmentcanbemanipulated
withinaGeometryProjectatatime.Thisiscalledtheactivealignment.
VerticalAlignments,andHorizontalAlignmentEventPoints,arestoredas
childrenofthehorizontalalignments.Verticaleventpointsarechildrento
verticalalignments.
Asshowninthediagramabove,multiplehorizontalalignmentscanexistina
GeometryProject.Eachhorizontalalignmentcanhavemultiplechildvertical
alignments.Eachhorizontalalignmentmusthaveauniquename.Geometry
namesarecasesensitive.
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Jan2011
OpeningInRoadsFiles
OpeningInRoadsFiles
OpeningaGeometryProjectReview
Toopenageometryproject,selectFile>Open.MorethanoneGeometryProject
canbeloadedatatime.WhenyouselecttheGeometrytablocatedinthe
bottomoftheWorkspaceBar,thenameofthegeometryprojectisvisibleinthe
InRoadsExplorer.
ActiveGeometry
Likesurfaces,theactiveGeometryProjectisindicatedbyaredrectanglearound
theicon.Thisconceptisextendedtothehorizontalandverticalalignments
containedinthegeometryproject.Youcanonlyhaveoneactivehorizontal
alignmentandoneactiveverticalalignmentatatime.Althoughyoucanview
morethanonealignmentatatime,theactivehorizontalandverticalalignments
aretheonlyonesthatcanbeedited.SomeInRoadstoolsonlyworkontheactive
alignment,whileothersallowyoutoselecttheactivealignmentinthetooldialog
box.
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WhatisaHorizontalAlignment?
WhatisaHorizontalAlignment?
HorizontalAlignments
Ahorizontalalignmentisaseriesoflinearelementsandcircularelements.
Together,theelementsformanalignment.Ahorizontalalignmentisusedto
definethingssuchasaroadcenterline,arightofwayline,andproperty
boundaries.HorizontalalignmentsarestoredintheGeometryProject.
AhorizontalalignmentisachildoftheGeometryproject.EachGeometryProject
canhaveoneormanyhorizontalalignments.Thenameofeachhorizontal
alignmentwithinaGeometryProjectmustbeunique.
Alignmentscanbestationed.Whenahorizontalalignmentiscreated,stationing
isautomaticallyassigned.Thestationingstartsat0+00,butitcanbechangedto
anystartingstation.Wewillseehowstationingisdefinedforanalignmentlater
inthischapter.
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Jan2011
TypesofGeometry
TypesofGeometry
TypesofGeometry
GeometryProjectsandalignmentarecreatedusingtheFile>Newcommand.To
creategeometry,selecttheGeometrytab.Thiscommandallocatesmemoryfora
newgeometryprojectoralignment.YoumustcreateaGeometryProject,
followedbycreatingaHorizontalAlignmentbeforeyoucancreategeometry
data.
Thefirstoptiononthedialogboxdefinesthetypeofgeometrynamebeing
created.TheoptionsincludeaGeometryProject,HorizontalAlignment,and
VerticalAlignment.
ThereisaparentchildrelationshipbetweenGeometryProjects,Horizontal
Alignments,andVerticalAlignments.Whenahorizontalalignmentiscreated,it
becomesachildoftheactivegeometryproject.Likewise,anewvertical
alignmentbecomesachildoftheactivehorizontalalignment.
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TypesofGeometry
EnteringadescriptionfortheGeometryProjectoralignmentisrecommended.It
willhelpyouidentifywhichfiletouse,asyoumighthaveseveralfilesloadedat
onetime.
Whencreatinghorizontalandverticalalignments,theStyleandCurveDefinition
dialogboxfieldsareactivated.Thestyledefineshowthegeometrywillappear
whendisplayedintheCADfile.Thecurvedefinitiondefineshowthehorizontalor
verticalcurvesaredefinedmathematically.
Therearemanywaystocreateandeditahorizontalalignment.Wewillcover
someofthemostcommonlyusedmethodsinthiscourse.Inthislesson,wewill
createahorizontalalignmentfromagraphicelementintheCADfile.Inalater
lesson,welearntocreateandedithorizontalalignmentsusinghorizontalPIsand
curves.Thereisalsoanoptionallessonthatintroducesyoutocreatinggeometry
elements.
GeometryiscreatedfromgraphicelementsusingtheFile>Import>Geometry
command.
Thetypesofgeometrythatcanbecreatedbyimportinggeometryfromgraphics
include:
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HorizontalAlignment
VerticalAlignment
HorizontalandVerticalAlignment
COGOPoints
EventPoints
Jan2011
TypesofGraphicsThatCanBeImported
TypesofGraphicsThatCanBeImported
TypeofGraphicsThatCanBeImported
Thetypesofgraphicelementsthatcanbeimportedare:
Lines
Linestrings
Arcs
Curvestrings(strokedusingchordheighttolerance)
Shapes
Complexlinestrings
Complexshapesmadefromelementsinthislist
BSplines(strokedusingchordheighttolerance)
Thegraphicalelementtypeslistedabovecanbeusedforhorizontalandvertical
alignments.
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AlignmentIntegrity
AlignmentIntegrity
AlignmentIntegrity
Ifpossible,itisbesttoconnectthealignmentgraphicsintoasingleelement,such
asacomplexchain,beforeimporting.Thisensuresthatallthelinesandcurvesget
importedintoasinglehorizontalalignmentandthattheelementsarecontinuous.
InRoadscanimportseparategraphicelementsandcombinethemintoasingle
alignment;however,creatingacomplexchainaccomplishesthesameresults.
Ifyouareimportinganalignmentcontainingnontangentialcirculararcsandthe
alignmentwascreatedfromgraphics,youmayencounterrestrictionsifyoutryto
editthealignment.
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Jan2011
ExerciseImportAlignmentfromGraphics
CreateaNewGeometryProject
1 SelectFile>New.
2 ClicktheGeometrytab.
3 EnterHemfieldfortheGeometryProjectname.
4 FortheDescription,enterHemfieldRoad.
AnewGeometryProjectiscreated.
ImporttheHorizontalAlignmentFromGraphics
NowthataGeometryProjecthasbeencreated,thenewhorizontal
alignmentwillbecreatedinthisGeometryProject.Thegraphicelement
beingimportingisacomplexchain.
1 SelectFile>Import>Geometry.
2 EnsurethattheFromGraphicstabisselected.
3 EnsurethattheTypeissettoHorizontalAlignment.
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4 EnterHemfieldRdfortheNameandHemfieldRoadExistingAlignment
fortheDescription.
5 SelectE_Road_PavementCLfortheStyle.
6 ClickApply.
7 Selecttheyellowelementontheleftintheview.
Youcanselectanywhereonthegraphic;theresultingalignmentwillbe
thesame.InRoadsreadsthegraphicinthedirectionitwasoriginally
drawn.
8 ClickagainontheCADviewtoacceptthehighlightedgraphic.
9 Rightclicktoexitthegraphicselectionmode.
Thenewalignmentiscreated.
ReviewtheHorizontalAlignment
1 SelectGeometry>ReviewHorizontal.
2 Reviewthealignment.
Noticethatthestartingstationis0+00[0+000].
3 ClosetheReviewHorizontaldialog.
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Stationing
Thefirsttimeyoucreateahorizontalalignment,thebeginningstationis
0+00[0+000].Youcanassignadifferentbeginningstationusingthestationingtool
(Geometry>HorizontalCurveSet>Stationing).Thisstationingcommanddefines
theactivealignmentsstartingstation.Allalignmentstationequationscanbe
createdusingthistool.
ReviewHorizontalAlignment
Itishelpfultoreviewyourdesigngeometrically.Aquickwaytoreviewthe
alignmentistorightclickonthehorizontalalignmentintheInRoadsExplorerand
selectReview.Thiscommanddisplaysdetailedinformationaboutthehorizontal
alignment.Thealignmentreportcanbeprinted,savedordisplayedintheCAD
file.
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SaveGeometryProject
InRoadsdoesntautomaticallysaveadditionsormodificationstotheGeometry
Projectfile.Anychangesarestoredinvirtualmemoryandarenotwrittentothe
harddiskuntiltheFile>SaveAscommandisused.
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ExerciseDefineStationing
DefinetheBeginningStation
1 SelectGeometry>HorizontalCurveSet>Stationing.
EnsurethatHemfieldRdisselectedfromtheHorizontalAlignmentlist.
Bydefault,theactivehorizontalalignmentisselected.
2 Enter10+00[1+000]fortheStartingStation.
ReviewtheHorizontalAlignment
1 SelectGeometry>ReviewHorizontal(orrightclickonthehorizontal
alignmentintheInRoadsExplorerwindowandselectReview).
Thealignmentreportappears.
2 SelectElementastheMode.
NoticethatthefirstgraphicelementishighlightedintheCADviewand
thereportislimitedtothatsingleelement.
3 ClickNexttostepthrougheachelementinthealignment.
4 Whenfinished,closetheReviewHorizontalAlignmentdialog.
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SavetheGeometryProject
1 SelectFile>SaveAs.
2 SelectGeometryProjects(*.alg)fromtheSaveasTypefield.
3 NavigatetotheC:\BentleyTraining\InRoads101\Introto
Geometry\Practice\folder.
4 EnterHemfield.algastheFileName.
5 ClickSave,thenclickCancel.
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HorizontalAlignmentAnnotation
ViewStationing
HorizontalalignmentstationingisdisplayedintheCADfileusingtheGeometry>
ViewGeometry>Stationingtool.Thistoolcontrolsthedisplayofstation
annotationtextalongtheactivehorizontalalignment.Stationsareplacedalonga
horizontalalignmentataspecifiedinterval.
TheGeometry>ViewGeometry>HorizontalAnnotationcommandisusedto
annotateahorizontalalignmentwithcurveandtangentdata.Thiscommandis
alsousedtoviewandannotateCOGOpoints.
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ActiveGeometryProject/HorizontalAlignmentReview
Remember,youcanopenorcreateseveralGeometryProjects.Onlyone
GeometryProjectcanbeworkedonatatime.Thisiscalledtheactive
GeometryProject.IntheInRoadsExplorer,theactiveGeometryProjectisshown
witharedboxsurroundingtheicons.Numeroushorizontalandvertical
alignmentscanbecreatedinasingleGeometryProject.JustlikeGeometry
Projects,onlyonehorizontalandverticalalignmentcanbeactiveatatime.The
activealignmentsarealsoshownwitharedboxsurroundingtheicons.
RenameGeometry
TheRenameGeometryallowsyoutochangethenameofageometryprojectand
anyofthechildrenofageometryproject,suchasthehorizontalalignment
and/ortheverticalalignmentname.TheRenameGeometrycommandisalso
usedtochangethestyleofanalignment.
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Locate/GraphicSelectButton
Locate/GraphicSelectButton
TheTargetbuttonorGraphicSelectbuttonisavailableonmanydialogs.Itallows
youtographicallyselecttheelementorpointsfromtheCADviewtodefinethe
informationfromthatportionofthedialog.Forexample,youcouldgraphically
picktwopointstodefinetheMaximumLengthofthetriangleleg.
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109
ExerciseViewHorizontalAnnotation
AnnotatetheHorizontalAlignment
1 SelectGeometry>ViewGeometry>HorizontalAnnotation.
TheViewHorizontalAnnotationdialogopens.
2 ClicktheGraphicSelectbuttontotherightoftheHorizontalAlignments
Includefield.
3 SelecttheyellowelementontheleftintheCADview.
Thenearestalignmentisfoundandhighlighted.
4 ClickanywhereintheCADViewtoAcceptthehighlightedalignment.
TheHemfieldRdalignmentisaddedtothehorizontalalignmentlistinthe
ViewHorizontalAnnotationdialog.
ThealignmenttangentsandcurvesareannotatedbasedontheStyle
associatedwiththealignment.
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ViewtheStationing
1 SelectGeometry>ViewGeometry>Stationing.
Noticethattheactivealignment,HemfieldRd,appearsintheHorizontal
Alignmentfield.
Ifthecorrectalignmentwasnotalreadyactive,itcanbeselectedfromthe
picklist.
2 ClickApplyandclickClose.
ThestationingisdisplayedintheCADdrawing.
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ViewGeometryOptions
ViewGeometryOptions
GeometryViewOptions
TheViewGeometryOptionsallowyoutospecifywhichtypeofannotationis
automaticallyupdatedwhengeometryismodified.Whenselected,InRoadswill
automaticallyupdatethefollowingannotation:
HorizontalElements
VerticalElements
ClosedAreas
Stationing
CurveSets
VerticalChangeinPlan
ViewRegressionPoints
Ifaspecifictypeofannotationisnotselected,annotationcanbemanually
updatedusingtheviewannotationcommand.
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ViewGeometryOptions
TheappearanceoftheannotationiscontrolledbyeachGeometry>View
commandspreferencesbyusingthealignmentsstyleandviewcommand
preference.Forexample,youmayhaveanalignmentwithastylecalled
DesignCenterline.
Ifyoucheckedthatyouwanttoupdatethestationing,thenyoumustsaveaView
stationpreferencecalledDesignCenterline.Ifsuchapreferenceisdefined,then
InRoadsdisplaysandannotatesthestationingbaseduponthesettingsforDesign
Centerline.InRoadsdoesnotlookatthesettingsforViewStationingthatarein
memory.Thepreferencemustexistondiskorthesoftwaresilentlyskipsthe
stationingannotation.
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113
ExerciseCreateAnotherAlignmentwithaDifferentStyle
ChangetheViewGeometryOptions
1 SelectGeometry>ViewGeometry>Options.
2 Makesureallthegeometryoptionsareselected.
ImporttheHorizontalAlignmentFromGraphics
1 SelectFile>Import>Geometry.
2 EnsurethattheFromGraphicstabisselected.
3 EnsurethattheTypeissettoHorizontalAlignment.
4 EnterRoad2fortheNameandRoad2fortheDescription.
5 SelectP_COGO_MainCLfortheStyle.
6 ClickApply.
7 Selecttheredelementontherightintheview.
Youcanselectanywhereonthegraphic;theresultingalignmentwillbe
thesame.InRoadsreadsthegraphicinthedirectionitwasoriginally
drawn.
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8 ClickagainanywhereontheCADviewtoacceptthehighlightedgraphic.
Thenewalignmentiscreated.
9 Rightclicktoexitthegraphicselectionmode.
10 ClosetheImportGeometrydialog.
ViewtheStationingandAnnotation
1 Deletetheredelementontheright.
2 IntheInRoadsExplorer,rightclickontheRoad2alignment,andselect
View.
NoticethattheStationingandAnnotationaredisplayedautomaticallyin
theCADview.
3 SelectGeometry>ViewGeometry>Stationing.
4 ClickPreferences.
NoticethatapreferenceexistscalledP_COGO_MainCL,whichisthesame
nameasthealignmentstyleforRoad2.Thestationingandannotation
textwillalsoautomaticallyupdatewhenthealignmentismodified.
5 ClosethePreferencedialogandtheViewStationingdialog.
ChangethestylefortheHemfieldRoadAlignment
1 SelectGeometry>RenameGeometry.
2 SettheTypetoHorizontalAlignment.
3 IntheFromareasettheGeometryProjecttoHemfield.
4 Inthealignmentlistinthecenterofthedialog,selectHemfieldRd.
5 IntheToarea,changetheStyletoP_COGO_MainCL.
6 ClickApply.
AnAlertwilldisplayconfirmingyouwanttochangethegeometry.
7 ClickYes.
8 ClickClose.
9 OntheleftsideoftheInRoadsExplorer,rightclickontheHemfieldRd
AlignmentandselectViewAllHorizontals.Thealignmentupdateswith
thenewstyleandannotation.
DeletetheRoad2Alignment
1 OnrightsideoftheInRoadsExplorer,rightclickontheRoad2alignment
andselectDelete.
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2 Analertboxwilldisplay.ClickYes.
3 SavetheGeometryProjectbyselectingFile>Save>GeometryProject.
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TheProjectFile
TheProjectFile
TheProjectfile(.rwk)isusedtoopenandsavemultipleInRoadsdatafilesina
singleoperation.UsingaProjectfileisveryhelpfulbecauseanentireprojectcan
beloadedorsavedinasingleoperation.WithouttheuseofProjectfiles,loading
orsavingaprojectinvolveskeepingtrackofmanyindividualfiles.
BeforeaProjectfileiscreated,theindividualInRoadsdatafiles(Surfaces,
GeometryProjects,TemplateLibraries,etc.)mustbeopenedorcreatedand
savedtothedisk.TheProjectfileisalistoftheindividualInRoadsdatafilesto
loadandsave.TheProjectfileitselfdoesnotcontainanyInRoadsdata.Itisan
ASCIIfilethatpointstothelocationoftheInRoadsfiles.
TocreateanInRoadsProjectfile,selectFile>SaveAsfromtheInRoadsmenu.
ThiswillbringuptheSaveAsdialog.OntheSaveAsdialog,selectOptions.This
bringsuptheProjectoptionsdialog.TheProjectOptionsdialogisusedtoselect
whichInRoadsdatafilestoaddtotheProjectfile.
TheavailableInRoadsdatatypesareseparatedbytabs.Allcurrentlyloaded
InRoadsdatafilesarelistedwhenatabisselected.ToincludeanInRoadsdatafile
intheProjectfile,selecttheAddand/orUpdateboxnexttothedesiredInRoads
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TheProjectFile
datafile.TheAddoptionindicatesthattheProjectfilewillopenthefile.The
UpdateoptionindicatesthattheProjectfilewillsavethefile.
ToopenanexistingProjectfile(*.rwk),selecttheFile>Opencommandand
selectProjectastheFilesofType.BrowseandselecttheProjectfile(.rwk)and
clickOK.ThiswillopenallInRoadsfileslistedintheProjectfile.
TosavealldatafilesinaProjectfile,selecttheFile>Save>Projectcommand.
ThiswillsavetheactualInRoadsdatafileswhentheUpdateoptionisselected.
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ExerciseCreateaProjectFile
ExerciseCreateaProjectFile
CreateaProjectFile
1 SelectFile>SaveAs.
2 SetSaveasTypetoProjects(*.rwk).
3 ClickOptions.
Bydefault,theProjectOptionsdialogopenstotheSurfacestab.
4 SelecttheGeometryProjecttab.
5 SelecttheAddandUpdateoptionsnexttotheGeometryProjectnamed
HemfieldandclickOK.
6 NavigatetotheC:\BentleyTraining\InRoads101\IntroTo
Geometry\Practice\folder.
7 EnterPracticeIntrotoGeometry.rwkastheFileName.
8 ClickSaveandthenCancel.
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119
SummaryandReview
SummaryandReview
Summary
Youarenowableto:
120
UnderstandanduseGeometryProjects.
Displaygeometry.
Createhorizontalalignmentsfromgraphics.
Jan2011
SummaryandReview
Questions:
1 ThefileextensionforanInRoadsGeometryProjectis:
A.xin
B.alg
C.dtm
D.rwk
2 TrueorFalse:Analignmentnamemustbedefinedbeforeanyalignment
elementsorpointscanbedefined.
True
False
3 Thefirsttimeyoucreateahorizontalalignment,thebeginningstationis
____.
A0+00[0+000]
B10+00[1+000]
C20+00[2+000]
D12+23[1+223]
4 TrueorFalse:TheProjectfile(.rwk)isusedtoopenandsavemultiple
InRoadsdatafilesinasingleoperation.
True
False
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121
SummaryandReview
Answers:
1 ThefileextensionforanInRoadsGeometryProjectis.
B.alg
2 TrueorFalse:Analignmentnamemustbedefinedbeforeanyalignment
elementsorpointscanbedefined.
TrueYoumustcreateanalignmentnamebeforeanygeometryelements
canbedefined.Thegeometrynameiscreatedintheactivegeometry
projectbutitisnotsavedtotheharddriveautomatically.Youmustsave
thegeometryprojectusingtheFile>SaveAscommand.
3 Thefirsttimeyoucreateahorizontalalignment,thestartingstationis
____.
A0+00[0+000]Allhorizontalalignmentsbeginatstation0+00[0+000]
bydefault.ThestartingstationcanbechangedwiththeGeometry>
HorizontalCurveSet>Stationingtool.
4 TrueorFalse:TheProjectfile(.rwk)isusedtoopenandsavemultiple
InRoadsdatafilesinasingleoperation.
TrueTheProjectfile(.rwk)isaconvenientmethodofopeningandsaving
multipledatafilesinasingleoperation.TheProjectfileiscreatedwiththe
File>SaveAscommand.
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MeadowParkDriveProjectTask
TaskObjective
ImporttheMeadowParkDriveexistinghorizontalalignmentfromgraphics.
AnnotatetheMeadowParkDrivealignment.
GivenData
ProjectFiles
Description Name
PreferenceFile:
C:\BentleyTraining\InRoads101\_Standards\Bentley
Training.xin
FileLocation C:\BentleyTraining\InRoads101\IntrotoGeometry\Task\
Graphics: MeadowParkWorking.dgn
InRoadsProject: TaskIntrotoGeometry.rwk
ExistingGround:
C:\BentleyTraining\InRoads101\_Common
References\MeadowParkExisting.dtm
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Requirements
exercise.
OpentheProjectfile(.rwk).
CreateanewGeometryProjectnamedMeadowPark.
Importtheredcomplexchainthatrepresentsthecenterlineofthe
roadasahorizontalalignmentnamedMeadowParkDrive.Use
P_COGO_MainCLastheStyle.
SetthebeginningstationofMeadowParkDriveto15+51.15
[1+551.15].
Displaythehorizontalalignment,stationing,andannotation.
Whenfinished,savethenewGeometryProjectas
C:\BentleyTraining\InRoads101\IntrotoGeometry\Task\Meadow
Park.alg.
AddthenewMeadowPark.algtotheprojectfileTaskIntroto
Geometry.rwk.SelecttheAddandUpdateoptionsforthenewly
createdGeometryProject.Whenaskedifyouwishtooverwritethe
existingfile,clickYes.
AssistanceVideo
assistance.
3 SelecttheIntrotoGeometryfolder.
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Questions
Whatistheendingstationofthealignment?
WhatisthePIStationofthecurve?
WhatisthecurveRadius?
TimeAllowed
15Minutes
Cleanup
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125
MeadowParkDriveAlignment
MeadowParkDriveAlignment
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CreatingHorizontalAlignments
UsingPIs
Inthischapter,wewilllearnhowtocreatehorizontalalignmentusingthePI
commands(Add,Insert,Move,DeletePI).Wewillalsolearnhowtoeditexisting
alignmentsandcreatecurves.
UsingthePIcommandsisoneofanumberofwaystocreatealignments.Ifyour
normalworkingpracticedoesnotusethismethod,youshouldskipthischapter.
However,oncethistrainingcourseisended,youwillhavethisdocumentandthe
dataset,soyouwillbeabletoworkthroughthecontentofthischapteratalater
date.
Jan2011
CreatingHorizontalAlignmentsUsingPIs
127
Objectives
Objectives
Learnhowtodefinehorizontalpointsofintersection(PIs)with
precisioninput.
Learnhowtoedithorizontalalignments.
Learnhowtocreatehorizontalcurves.
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Objectives
menuchoices.
OpenaCADFile
1 SetthedirectorytoC:\BentleyTraining\InRoads101\CreateHAUsing
PIs\Practice\.
SelectthefileAddPIs.dgn,thenclickOpen.
2 OpentheMicroStationkeyinwindow(Utilities>Keyin).
OpentheProjectFile
1 OpentheProjectfile(.rwk)namedPracticeHAPI.rwkintheC:\Bentley
Training\InRoads101\CreateHAUsingPIs\Practice\folder.
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HorizontalCurveSet
HorizontalCurveSet
HorizontalCurveSet
TheHorizontalCurveSettoolsareusedtoplaceandeditPIsandcurvesthat
defineahorizontalalignment.Thealignmentdefinitionmustbecreatedusing
File>NewbeforePIscanbeaddedtothealignment.YouaddPIstoan
alignmentusingtheAddPIcommand.Thisbuildsthetangentsections.Next,you
mustmove,insert,ordeletepointstoeditthepointsthatwereplacedwiththe
AddPIcommand.Finally,usetheDefineCurvescommandtocreateandeditthe
curves.
TherearefourtoolsforcreatingandmanipulatingPIs:
AddPIcreatesanewPIintheactivealignment.Ifthealignmentalready
containsoneormorePIs,theAddPItoolwilladdanewPIatthebeginning
ortheendoftheactivealignment.
Whenyouinvokethistool,youwillbepromptedtoidentifytheendofthe
alignment.Ifyourexistingalignmentisempty,thefirstdatapointwillbecome
thebeginningofyouralignment.Otherwise,thefirstdatapointidentifiesthe
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HorizontalCurveSet
nearestendoftheactivealignment.Makesureyouhavethecorrectactive
horizontalalignment.
InsertPIcreatesanewPIbetweentwoexistingPIsintheactivehorizontal
alignment.
MovePIrepositionsaPIanditsassociatedcurveset,ifoneexists.
DeletePIremovesaPIanditsassociatedcurveset,ifoneexists.
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ProductivityTips
ProductivityTips
PrecisionInputandConventions
ToplacePIsusingprecisioninput,selectUtilities>KeyinfromtheMicroStation
menu.Therearenospacesusedintheprecisioninputformat.
Theformatofthekeyinsareshownbelow:
ne=northing,easting,elevation
Theelevationparameterisoptional.
di=distance,direction
TheformatofthedirectionasabearingisN45^3630.7EordecimalN45.52E
so=station,offset,elevation,alignmentname,GeometryProjectname
Offsetstotherightoftheaheadstationingarepositive.Offsetstotheleftof
theaheadstationingarenegative.
Theelevation,alignmentname,andGeometryProjectnameareoptional
parameters;however,theymustbeincludedinthespecifiedorder.
Therefore,ifyouwishtoincludethealignmentname,theelevationmustalso
beincluded.Alignmentnamesarecasesensitive.
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ProductivityTips
StatusBar
TheleftcorneroftheMicroStationstatusbarwilldisplayInRoadscommand
prompts.ThesepromptswillassistyouwhenusingInRoadscommandswhich
requireyoutoclickinaMicroStationVieworenterinformationintotheCADKey
indialog.
TheAngleModemayneedtobechangedtoBearingsforthedikeyinto
functionasexpected.
TochangetheAngleMode:
Settings>DesignFile>AngleReadout>DirectionMode
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ExerciseCreateAlignmentwithPrecision
AddHorizontalPIs
1 SelectGeometry>HorizontalCurveSet>AddPI.
2 Whenpromptedtoidentifytheendofthealignment,datapointnearthe
lowerendoftheredelementintheCADfile.
3 Movethecursor.
4 Youshouldseealinestretchingfromtheendofthealignment.
Thenextpointswillbeenteredusingprecisioninputkeyins.
5 Clickinthekeyinfieldtomakeitactive.
6 IntheCADKeyindialog,enterne=120126.674,1089335.314
[36609.524,332088.135.].
7 PressEnter.
ThePIisplaced.
Next,wewillplaceanotherPIbyusingthedikeyin.
8 IntheCADKeyindialog,enterdi=1145.0[267.02],s78^2624e.
Shift6willenterthe^symbol.
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9 PressEnter.
ThenexttwoPIswillbeaddedbygraphicallyselectingthepoints.
10 Snaptoandacceptadatapointatthesouthendofthepurplelineto
placeaPI.Thispointisnortheastofthelastpointplaced.IfMicroStation
Accusnapisenabled,youmustholddowntheShift+Ctrlkeystosnap.
11 DatapointanyplaceeastofthealignmenttoplacethelastPIpoint.
12 Rightclicktoresetthecommand.
13 RightclickagaintoterminatetheAddPIcommand.
Ifnecessary,youcanusetheCADviewcontroltoolsinthemiddleofusingthe
PlacePIcommand.Whenyouaredonewiththeviewmanipulation,rightclick
andInRoadswillbringyoubacktothelaststeppriortoyourview
manipulation.
InsertaHorizontalPI
TheInsertPItoolisusedtoaddanewPItoanexistingtangentline.
Remember,theAddPItoolcanonlybeusedtoaddaPIontheendofan
existingalignment.
1 SelectGeometry>HorizontalCurveSet>InsertPI.
2 Graphicallyselectthelastsegmentofthealignment.
Thesegmentbecomesdynamicshowingthepossiblelocationsofthenew
PI.
3 Clicktolocatethepointjustnorthoftheexistingsegment.
PrecisionkeyinscouldhavebeenusedtolocatetheinsertedPI.
4 Clickagaintoaccepttheoverallsolution.
5 RightclicktoterminatetheInsertPIcommand.
MoveaHorizontalPI
1 SelectGeometry>HorizontalCurveSet>MovePI.
2 GraphicallyselectthelastPIinthealignment.
3 MovethePItoanewlocation(theexactlocationisnotimportant).
4 ClicktolocatethePI.
PrecisionkeyinscouldalsohavebeenusedtolocatethePI.
6 RightclicktoterminatetheMovePIcommand.
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DeleteaHorizontalPI
1 SelectGeometry>HorizontalCurveSet>DeletePI.
2 GraphicallyselectthelastPIinthealignment.
4 RepeattheproceduretoagainremovethelastPIinthealignment.Thisis
thePIthatwassecondtolastintheoriginalalignment.
5 RightclicktoterminatetheDeletePIcommand.
6 SelectFile>Save>GeometryProject.
Remember,InRoadsdoesnotautomaticallysavetheGeometryProjectchanges
totheharddisk;theyareonlystoredinvirtualmemoryatthistime.Itisalwaysa
goodideatosavethegeometry,oranyotherInRoadsdata,aftermakingchanges.
AnotherwaytosaveInRoadsdataistorightclickonthedatatypeintheInRoads
ExplorerandselectSave.Inthiscase,highlighttheHemfieldGeometryProjectin
theInRoadsExplorer,rightclickandselectSave.
InpreviouschaptersyouusedtheSaveAscommandtosavegeometryand
otherdata.However,inthisexerciseyouloadedandareworkingwithan
existinggeometryproject(.alg).BecauseInRoadsalreadyknowsthename
andlocationofthegeometryprojectontheharddisk,youcanusetheSave
command,whichwilloverwritetheexistingfilewiththecurrentdatain
InRoads.
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ReviewPracticeAlignment
ReviewPracticeAlignment
Thehorizontalalignmentinthepreviousexerciseshouldresemblethefigure
abovewhencomplete.
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137
HorizontalCurves
HorizontalCurves
HorizontalCurves
TheDefineHorizontalCurveSettooldefinesnewcurvesetsandmodifies
existingcurvesetsintheactivehorizontalalignment.Theacceptedsolutionis
displayedintheCADdrawingfile.Therearenumerousoptionsonthisdialogbox;
however,afewbasicoptionswillgetyoustarted.
HorizontalPIArea
ThetextfieldsintheHorizontalPIgroupboxdescribethepositionofthecurrent
PIrelativetothepreviousandnextPIs.Changingvaluesonthisdialogwill
redefinethelocationofthePI.TheDefinedByoptiondetermineshowPI
locationsaredetermined.
Forexample,assumethatDefineByissettoDirectionsfromPreviousandNext
PIs,andthatyouhavemodifiedthevaluesofDirectionBackandDirectionAhead.
WhenyouclickApply,thePIisrepositionedbasedontheintersectionofthose
directionsprojectedfromthepreviousPItothenextPI.
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HorizontalCurves
HorizontalCurveArea
Thisisthemostimportantareaonthedialogbox.Thesesettingsdefinethecurve
orcurvesetthatiscreatedatthecurrentPI.Acurvesetcanbeasimplesingle
curve,acomplexspiralcurvespiralcurvespiralcurvecombination,oranything
inbetween.Toomitacurveorspiraldefinitioninthecurveset,leaveitslengthor
radiusvaluesettozero.
Adegreeofcurvaturecanbeenteredintheradiusfieldbyproceedingthevalue
withtheletterd.Forexample,keyingind1returnsaradiusof5729.578,whichis
theradiusofa1degreecurve.
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ExerciseDefineHorizontalCurves
Nowthatwehaveextendedouralignment,theappropriatenextstepisto
definecurvesforthosePIsthathavebeenplaced.
DefineHorizontalCurve
1 SelectGeometry>HorizontalCurveSet>DefineCurve.
2 ClickNextuntilyoulocatethefirstPIwithnocurve.
WatchtheRadiusfieldtodetermineifeachPIhasacurveassigned.The
activecurveand/ortangentsegmentsarehighlightedintheCADdrawing.
IfyouknowexactlywhichPIyouwanttoedit,theSelectbuttoncanbe
usedtographicallyselectthePI.
3 Enter100[40]forthelengthoftheleadingtransitionclothoidspiral.
4 Enter1200[400]forRadius1.
5 Enter100[40]forthelengthofthetrailingtransitionclothoidspiral.
6 ClickApplyandthenClose.
ThecurvesolutionisdisplayedintheCADfile.Didthecurvegetcreated?
7 ReadthepromptintheInRoadsExplorer.
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CorrecttheCurve
1 ChangetheRadius1to500[150].
Leavebothtransitionlengthsat100.00[40].
2 ClickApply.
Whatdoesthepromptsay?Didthecurvegetcreated?
3 ClickUndoontheDefineHorizontalCurveSetdialogbox.
Youcanonlyundothelastcurveyoudefine.Whathappens?
4 ChangetheRadius1to700[200].
5 ClickApply,thenclickNext.
Besuretoclicknextsothecorrectcurvewillbemodified.
7 ClickApply,thenclickNext.
9 ClickApply.
10 Closethedialog.
ReviewandAnnotatetheAlignment
1 Rightclickonthehorizontalalignment(intheInRoadsExplorerWindow)
andselectReview.
2 ClosetheReviewHorizontalAlignmentdialog.
3 SelectGeometry>ViewGeometry>HorizontalAnnotationtoolto
annotatethehorizontalalignment.
4 ClickthetargetbuttonnexttotheHorizontalAlignmentsIncludefield.
5 Clickonthealignmentgraphic.
Thealignmenthighlights.
6 Clickagaintoacceptthealignment.
7 ClickApplytoannotatethealignment.
8 ClosetheViewHorizontalAnnotationdialog.
SaveGeometry
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DesignCriteria
DesignCriteria
AddHorizontalPI
TheAddHorizontalPIcommandcanplacePIsanddefinecurvesbasedonthe
designcriteriaspecifiedintheDesignCriteriadialog.AccessHorizontalDesign
CriteriafromGeometry>HorizontalCurveSet>DesignCriteria.AccessVertical
DesignCriteriabyselectingGeometry>VerticalCurveSet>DesignCriteria.
Browsetotheappropriatehorizontalcurvecheckstable.Thiswillallowyouto
automaticallyplacePIswithcurvesdefinedusingtheAddPIcommand.
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ExerciseDefineHorizontalCurvesBasedonDesignCriteria
SpecifyDesignCriteria
1 SelectGeometry>HorizontalCurveSet>DesignCriteria.
2 EnableUseDesignCriteria.
3 Iftablenamefieldisempty,browsetotheC:\Program
Files\Bentley\InRoadsGroupV8.11\data\imperial[Metric]\folderand
selectHorizontalDesignChecks.txt.
IfyourInRoadssoftwareisnotinstalledtothedefaultlocation,thepathin
step3willbedifferent.Browsetothelocationwhereyoursoftwareis
installed.
4 Select55[80]fortheSpeedandsettheMaximumeto6.
5 ClickApply,thenClose.
AddPIswithCurves.
1 SelectGeometry>HorizontalCurveSet>AddPI.
2 SelectthelastPIinthealignment.
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3 ClickdownandtotherightofthelastPI.Noticeacurveisautomatically
definedbasedonthedesigncriteriaspecified.
4 PlaceonemorePIupandtotheright,thenrightclicktofinish.
5 ExittheCADsoftware.Whenpromptedtosavethegeometryproject,
clickNo.
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SummaryandReview
SummaryandReview
Summary
Youarenowableto:
Definehorizontalpointsofintersection(PIs)withprecisioninput.
Edithorizontalalignments.
Createhorizontalcurves.
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145
SummaryandReview
Questions:
1 Whichofthefollowingcommand(s)canbeusedtodefineahorizontalPI?
AAddPI
BDeletePI
CInsertPI
DMovePI
2 Listatleasttwokeyincommandsusedtoenterhorizontalgeometrywith
precision.
1__________
2__________
3__________
3 TrueorFalse:TheDefineHorizontalCurveSettooldefinesnewcurvesets
butwillnotallowforthemodificationofexistingcurvesetsintheactive
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Jan2011
SummaryandReview
Answers:
1 Whichofthefollowingcommand(s)canbeusedtodefineahorizontalPI.
AAddPI
CInsertPI
BoththeAddPIandInsertPIcommandsareusedtodefineanewPI.The
AddPIcommandisusedtostartanewalignmentoraddaPItoeitherend
ofanexistingalignment.TheInsertPIcommandisusedtodefineanewPI
inthemiddleofanexistingalignment.
2 Listthreekeyincommandsusedtoenterhorizontalgeometrywith
precision.
1ne=northing,easting,elevation
2di=distance,direction
3so=station,offset,elevation,alignmentname,GeometryProjectname
3 TrueorFalse:TheDefineHorizontalCurveSettooldefinesnewcurvesets
butwillnotallowforthemodificationofexistingcurvesetsintheactive
FalseTheDefineHorizontalCurveSettooldefinesnewcurvesetsand
modifiesexistingcurvesetsintheactivehorizontalalignment.
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TaskObjective
ExtendtheexistingMeadowParkDrivehorizontalalignmenttoconnecttoa
knowncoordinate.
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GivenData
ProjectFiles
Description Name
GraphicsFile:
C:\BentleyTraining\InRoads101\CreateHAUsingPIs\Task
\MeadowParkWorking.dgn
C:\BentleyTraining\InRoads101\CreateHAUsing
PIs\Task\TaskHAPI.rwk
ProjectFile: TheProjectfileopensthecorrectpreferences,existing
surface,andgeometryfiles.Theindividualfilesarelisted
belowbutdonotneedtobeopenedindividuallyifyou
opentheProjectfile.
PreferenceFile: BentleyTraining.xin
Geometry
Project: MeadowPark.alg
ExistingGround: MeadowParkExisting.dtm
Requirements
exercise.
TheexistingMeadowParkDrivealignmentcurrentlyendsat
N149236.796,E1088363.612[N45487.466,E331733.892].
Theextendedalignmentshouldbeginwithatangentthathasthe
samebearingasthelasttangentoftheexistingalignment.
ThefirstnewPIis374.76[114.23M]feetfromtheendoftheexisting
alignment.
ThesecondnewPIis386.12[117.69M]feetandisS65^4821.5E
fromthefirstnewPI.
ThesecondtothelastPIoftheextendedalignmentis350[106.68M]
feetfromwherethealignmentintersectsBrownWay.HintUsethe
DefineBymethodofDirectionandDistancefromNextPItoassistin
placingthisPI.
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149
ThelasttangentoftheextendedalignmentshouldintersectBrown
Wayata90degree.Hint:drawalineperpendiculartobrownway
about350'inlength(itdoesnothavetobeexact).Whenconstructing
thelastpartofthealignment,youcansnaptotheperpendicularline
thatwaspreviouslydrawn.
TheeasternmostpointonthealignmentwhereittiesintoBrownWay
southoftheculdesacisN149198.65,E1089850.38
[N45470.037,E332187.029].
Thisportionofthealignmentmusthaveaminimumof3curves.
AllofthecurvesshouldhaveaDegreeofCurvature(DOC)of11[35]
degrees(radiusof520.87feet[159.15M]).
Thecompletealignmentshouldbedisplayed,stationed,and
annotatedintheCADfile.
Oncecomplete,savetheGeometryProject.
AssistanceVideo
assistance.
3 SelecttheCreateHAPIfolder.
Questions
Whatisthebearingofthesecondtangentinyourfinalgeometry?
Whatisthelaststationonthealignment?
Whatisthetangentlengthofthelasttangentinyourfinalgeometry?
TimeAllowed
30Minutes
150
Jan2011
Cleanup
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151
MeadowParkDriveKnownAlignmentPoints
MeadowParkDriveKnownAlignmentPoints
152
Jan2011
MeadowParkDriveExampleCompletedAlignment
Jan2011
153
154
Jan2011
ProfilesandCrossSections
Inthischapter,youwilllearnhowtocreateprofilesandcrosssections.
Jan2011
189
Objectives
Objectives
190
Learnhowtocreateprofiles.
Learnhowtocreatecrosssections.
Jan2011
Objectives
menuchoices.
OpenaCADFile
1 SetthedirectorytoC:\BentleyTraining\InRoads101\ProfilesandCross
Sections\Practice\.
SelectthefileProfileandSections.dgn,thenclickOpen.
OpentheProjectFile
1 OpentheProjectfile(.rwk)namedPracticeProfilesandCross
Sections.rwkintheC:\BentleyTraining\InRoads101\ProfilesandCross
Sections\Practice\folder.
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191
Profiles
Profiles
Profiles
Aprofileisaseriesofelevationsextractedalongabaseline,whichisnormallya
horizontalalignment.Aprofileisagraphofthehorizontalalignmentstationing
versustheelevationsofthesurface.Thealignmentstationingisplottedalongthe
bottomaxisandthesurfaceelevationsareplottedalongtheverticalaxis.
Aprofileiscomprisedoftwoparts,theprofilewindowandtheprofiledata.The
profilewindowconsistsofthebottom,leftandrightaxis,andgridlines.The
profiledataconsistsofsurfacelinesandsurfacefeatures.Theprofiledatacan
alsobeupdatedwithnewsurfacedataasitisobtained.
Verticalalignmentscanbedisplayedontheprofileinadditiontothesurface.
Multipleplotsofprofiledatarepresentingdifferentsurfacescanbedisplayedina
singleprofile.Onceaprofileiscreated,verticalalignmentscanthenbecreated
anddisplayed.
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Jan2011
CreateProfile
CreateProfile
CreateProfile
TheCreateProfilecommandextractselevationdatafromoneormoresurfaces
anddisplaysitalongalinearpath.TheCreateProfilecommandhassettingsthat
definehowtheprofileappears.Whenworkinginaproductionenvironment,very
fewofthesesettingswillneedtobealteredbecausetheywillalreadybedefined
inyourprojectstandards.
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193
CreateProfile
TheCreateProfiledialogboxisorganizedwithatreeandleafinterface.Belowisa
briefdescriptionofthesettingthatyoumayneedtoalter.
GeneralLeaf
Exaggerationspecifiestheverticaltohorizontalexaggerationfor
displayedprofiles.Typically,thehorizontalexaggerationshouldbeleft
at1.0andtheverticaladjustedforthedesiredexaggeration.
Surfacesallowsyoutoselectwhichsurfacestodisplayintheprofile.
AllsurfacescurrentlyloadedinInRoadsarelisted.Youcanselectas
manysurfacestobedisplayedintheprofileifdesired.
SourceLeaf
194
Alignmentspecifiesthenameofthealignmenttheprofilefollows.
Jan2011
ExerciseCreateExistingGroundProfile
ViewTheHorizontalAlignment
1 LocatethealignmentHemfieldRoadintheInRoadsExplorer.
2 RightclickonHemfieldRoadandselectView.
ViewSurface
1 SelectSurface>ViewSurface>Perimeter.
2 EnsuretheSurfaceissettoHemfieldExisting.
3 ClickApply,thenClose.
CreateProfile
1 SelectEvaluation>Profile>CreateProfile.
IfyouareusingtheMetricdataset,selectthePreferencesbuttonandload
thepreferenceDefault_Metric.
2 ClickApplyandfollowtheprompt.
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195
3 IdentifyalocationintheCADdrawingwherethelowerleftcornerofthe
profileislocated(makesureyouallowenoughroomforthewholeprofile
windowsoitdoesntoverlapwithothergraphicelements).
4 ClickClose.
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Jan2011
CrossSections
CrossSections
CrossSections
Acrosssectionisa2Dgraphicdisplayofaplanarsectioncutthroughoneormore
3Dsurfaces.CrossSectionsareextractedalongalinearpath,suchasahorizontal
alignment.Theycanbeextractedatanyanglerelativetothelinearpath,butare
typicallyperpendiculartothepath.
Thebottomaxisshowstheoffsetfromthelinearpath.Theverticalaxisshowsthe
elevationsofthesurfaces.
Likeprofiles,acrosssectioniscomprisedoftwoparts,thecrosssectionwindow
andthecrosssectiondata.Thecrosssectionwindowconsistsofthebottom,left
andrightaxislines,andgridlines.Thecrosssectiondataconsistsofsurfacelines
andsurfacefeatures.Thecrosssectiondatacanalsobeupdatedwithnew
surfacedataasitisobtained.
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CreateCrossSection
CreateCrossSection
CreateCrossSection
TheCreateCrossSectiontoolextractselevationdatafromoneormoresurfaces
anddisplaysitalongalinearpathperpendicularto,orataspecifiedanglefrom,
analignmentorotherpath.
TheCreateCrossSectiontoolhassettingsthatdefinehowthecrosssections
appear.However,whenworkinginaproductionenvironmentveryfewofthese
settingsneedtobealtered.TheCreateCrossSectiondialogboxisorganizedwith
atreeandleafinterface.Belowisabriefdescriptionofthosesettingsthatyou
mayneedtoalter.
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Jan2011
CreateCrossSection
CreateCrossSection>GeneralLeaf
Intervalspecifiesthespacingbetweenconsecutivecrosssections.
LeftOffsetdefinestheleftendoftherangeoverwhichtoextract
crosssections.Anegativevalueistotheleftofthealignment.Leftand
rightoffsetsaredeterminedbasedonincreasingstations.
RightOffsetdefinestherightendoftherangeoverwhichtoextract
crosssections.Apositivevalueistotherightofthealignment,based
onincreasingstations.
VerticalExaggerationspecifiestheverticalexaggerationfor
displayingcrosssections.Valuesgreaterthan1.0forthisparameter
increasetheexaggeration.
Surfacesallowsyoutoselectwhichsurfacestodisplayinthecross
section.AllsurfacescurrentlyloadedinInRoadsarelisted.Youcan
enablemultiplesurfacestobedisplayedinthecrosssectionifdesired.
CreateCrossSection>SourceLeaf
Alignmentspecifiesthenameofthealignmenttheprofilefollows.
CrossSectionAnnotation,UpdateCrossSectionandEndAreaVolumesare
coveredinanotherlesson.
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199
ViewingCrossSections
CrossSectionscanbeviewedusingtheCrossSectionViewer.ToaccesstheCross
SectionViewer,selectEvaluation>CrossSection>CrossSectionViewer.
Therearetwowaystoviewcrosssections:
MovieMode
Moviemodeautomaticallydisplayseachcrosssectioninthelistoneatatime.
ThespeedanddisplayofthecrosssectionsarecontrolledbytheZoomFactor
andtheTimesettings.ClicktheRunbuttontostarttheMovie.
CrossSectionsList
Toviewacrosssectionataspecificstation,selectthatstationfromtheCross
Sectionslist.ThecrosssectionisfittoyourCADviewbasedontheZoom
Factor.TheUpandDownarrowsonyourkeyboardcanbeusedtovieweach
crosssectionfromthelistinsuccession.
200
Jan2011
ExerciseCreateCrossSections
CreateCrossSections
1 SelectEvaluation>CrossSection>CrossSections.
2 OpentheCreateCrossSectionfolderintheCrossSectionsdialog.
3 SelecttheGeneralleaf.
4 IfyouareusingtheMetricdataset,selectthePreferencesbuttonand
loadthepreferencenamedDefault_Metric.
5 Makesuretheleftoffsetissetto50[40].
6 Makesuretherightoffsetissetto50[40].
7 ClickApplyandfollowtheprompts.
8 IdentifyalocationintheCADdrawingforthelowerleftcornerofthe
crosssections(makesureyouallowenoughroomforthewholecross
sectionsetsoitdoesntoverlapwithothergraphicelements).Thecross
sectionsdisplay.
9 ClickClose.
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ViewtheCrossSections
1 SelectEvaluation>CrossSection>CrossSectionViewer.
2 SelectaCrossSectionfromthelist.
Thecrosssectionselectedisimmediatelydisplayedonthescreen.
3 Selectthefirstcrosssectionatthetopofthestationlist.Presstheupor
downarrowsonyourkeyboardtoviewothercrosssectionsinthelist.
4 IntheMovieModesection,settheTimeto.3andclickRun.
Thecrosssectionsdisplayoneatatimeintheview.
TheESCkeycanbeusedtoexitoutofmoviemode.
5 Closethedialog.
202
Jan2011
SummaryandReview
SummaryandReview
Summary
Youarenowableto:
Createprofiles
Createcrosssections
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203
SummaryandReview
Questions:
1 TrueorFalse:Aprofileisaseriesofelevationsextractedalongabaseline.
True
False
2 TrueorFalse.TheCreateProfilecommandextractselevationdatafrom
onlyonesurfaceatatimeanddisplaysitalongalinearpath.
True
False
3 TrueorFalse.CrosssectionsmustbeextractedalonganInRoads
alignment.
204
True
False
Jan2011
SummaryandReview
Answers:
1 TrueorFalse:Aprofileisaseriesofelevationsextractedalongabaseline.
TrueInRoadscalculatestheelevationfromasurfaceeachtimethe
baselineintersectsatriangleedge.Thebaselineiscommonlyahorizontal
alignmentbutprofilescanalsobecreatedalonggraphicalelementsor
dynamicallyselectedpoints.
2 TrueorFalse:TheCreateProfilecommandextractselevationdatafrom
onlyonesurfaceatatimeanddisplaysitalongalinearpath.
FalseInRoadsprofilescanbecreatedfrommultiplesurfacesatone
time.
3 TrueorFalse:CrosssectionsmustbeextractedalonganInRoads
alignment.
FalseCrosssectionscanbeextractedalongdifferenttypesofbaselines
includingalignments,graphics,anddynamicallyselectedpoints.
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TaskObjective
CreateanexistinggroundprofileandcrosssectionsalongMeadowParkDrive
alignment.
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Jan2011
GivenData
ProjectFiles
Description Name
GraphicsFile:
C:\BentleyTraining\InRoads101\ProfilesandCross
Sections\Task\MeadowParkWorking.dgn
C:\BentleyTraining\InRoads101\ProfilesandCross
Sections\TaskProfilesandCrossSections.rwk
opentheProjectfile.
Geometry
Requirements
exercise.
Createanexistinggroundprofilealongtheentirelengthofthe
MeadowParkDrivealignment.Placetheprofiletotherightofthe
existingbasemap.
Createasetofexistinggroundcrosssectionsalongtheentirelengthof
theMeadowParkDrivealignment.
Thecrosssectionsshouldbecreatedevery50feet[10M].Placethe
crosssectionsabovetheprofile.
BONUSCreateasinglecrosssectionsetthatspecifiescrosssections
thatare100feet[30M]wide(50[15M]leftand50[15M]right)
betweenstation15+51.15[1+551.15]and26+00[2+200]and250
[40M]feetwide(100[20M]leftand150[20M]right)between
station26+00[2+200]andtheendofthealignment.
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AssistanceVideo
assistance.
3 SelecttheProfilesandCrossSectionsfolder.
Questions
Howmanyfeet[meters]ofgridonthetopandbottomisemptyonthe
profile(thisiscalledWIndowClearance)?
Howmanysurfacescanbedisplayedonasingleprofile?
Howmanyfeet[meters]ofgridonthetopandbottomisemptyonthe
crosssections(thisiscalledWIndowClearance)?
TimeAllowed
15Minutes
Cleanup
208
Jan2011
CreatingVerticalAlignmentsUsing
PIs
Inthischapter,wewilllearnabouthowtocreateverticalalignmentsusing
precisioninput.Wewillthencreate,displayandannotateaverticalalignment.
CreatingaverticalalignmentusingthePIcommandsisoneofanumberofways
tocreateverticalalignments.Ifyournormalworkingpracticedoesnotusethis
method,youshouldskipthischapter.However,oncethistrainingcourseis
ended,youwillhavethisdocumentandthedatasetsoyouwillbeabletowork
throughthecontentofthischapteratalaterdate.
Jan2011
CreatingVerticalAlignmentsUsingPIs
209
Objectives
Objectives
Learnaboutverticalalignments.
Createverticalalignmentsusingprecisioninput.
Editverticalpointsofintersection(PIs)anddefineverticalcurves.
Annotateaverticalalignment.
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Jan2011
Objectives
menuchoices.
OpenaCADFile
1 SetthedirectorytoC:\BentleyTraining\InRoads101\CreateVAUsing
PIs\Practice\.
SelectthefileVAPIs.dgn,thenclickOpen.
OpentheProjectFile
1 OpentheProjectfile(.rwk)namedPracticeVAPI.rwkintheC:\Bentley
Training\InRoads101\CreateVAUsingPIs\Practice\folder.
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WhatisaVerticalAlignment?
WhatisaVerticalAlignment?
VerticalAlignments
Averticalalignmentisaseriesoflinear,circularorparabolicgeometryelements.
Connectedtogether,theelementsformaverticalalignment.Thevertical
alignmentfollowsthepathdefinedbyahorizontalalignment.
Becauseofitsdependenceonthehorizontalalignment,averticalalignmentisa
childofthehorizontalalignmentinthegeometryprojectstructure.Each
horizontalalignmentcanhavemultipleverticalalignments.Ahorizontal
alignmentmustexistbeforeaverticalalignmentcanbedefined.
Allverticalalignmentsunderthesamehorizontalalignmentmusthaveunique
names.Twoverticalalignmentsunderdifferenthorizontalalignmentscanhave
thesamename.
VerticalalignmentsarecreatedwiththeFile>Newcommand.IntheNewdialog
box,clickontheGeometrytab.InType,selectVerticalAlignment.Makesure
thatyouhavethecorrectactivehorizontalalignmentbecausethevertical
alignmentiscreatedasachildoftheactivehorizontalalignment.
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Jan2011
VerticalAlignmentCreation
VerticalAlignmentCreation
VerticalAlignments
Justlikehorizontalalignments,verticalalignmentscanbecreatedfromgraphics
orfromVerticalCurveSettools.Aprofilemustbecreatedtousethevertical
curvesettools.
PrecisionInputKeyIns
Twoadditionalprecisionkeyinsareusefulforverticalalignments.Likethe
horizontalprecisioninputkeyins,therearenospacesallowedintheformat.
se=station,elevation
dg=distance,grade
Theformatforthegradeisapercentage.Forexample,thegradecanbe4%or
0.04.Anegativegradeisdownhillandapositivegradeisuphill.
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AddingVerticalPIs
AddingVerticalPIs
VerticalCurveSetTools
TheVerticalCurveSettoolsareusedtoaddandmodifyverticalalignmentPIs
andcurves.Thesetoolsworkverysimilartotheirhorizontalalignment
counterparts.
AddVerticalPI
TheAddVerticalPItoolisusedtoaddanewPIinanemptyverticalalignment,or
tothebeginningorendofanexistingverticalalignment.
ThistoolhasfouroptionalparameterswhicharesetontheGeometry>Vertical
CurveSet>DynamicSettingsdialog.Thesesettingsinfluencethedynamic
positionofthecursorwhileusingthiscommand.TheverticalPIpositionis
incrementedorroundedbythevaluesspecifiedwhentheyareenabled.Ifnone
oftheoptionsareenabled,noroundingorincrementingisdone.
Stationwhenenabled,thestationisincremented.Thedatapointvalueis
rounded(upordown,tothenearestvalue)suchthatitsstationisevenly
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Jan2011
AddingVerticalPIs
divisiblebythespecifiedvalue.Forexample,arawstationvalueof16+17.82
roundsto16+00withastationintervalof50.Ifthecheckboxisclearedorif
theintervaliszero,thestationisnotincremented.Thisoptionalsoworks
withstationequations.
Elevationwhenenabled,theelevationisincremented.Thedatapointvalue
isrounded(upordown,tothenearestvalue)suchthatitselevationisevenly
divisiblebythespecifiedvalue.Forexample,arawelevationof1078.278
roundsto1080withanelevationintervalof10.Ifthecheckboxisclearedorif
theintervaliszero,theelevationisnotincremented.
Gradewhenenabled,thegradeisincremented.Thedatapointvalueis
rounded(upordown,tothenearestvalue)suchthatitsgradeisevenly
divisiblebythespecifiedvalue.Ifthecheckboxisclearedoriftheintervalis
zero,thegradeisnotincremented.
Distancewhenenabled,thedistanceisincremented.Thelengthofthe
verticalcurveisrounded(upordowntothenearestvalue)suchthatthe
lengthisevenlydivisiblebythespecifiedvalue.Ifthecheckboxisclearedorif
theintervaliszero,thecurvelengthisnotincremented.
Theconstraintparameterdefineshowthecurvelengthiscalculated.
LengthofCurverateofchange(r(g2g1)/L)
Kvalue(K=l/(g2g1)).
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215
ExerciseCreateaNewVerticalAlignment
Nowthatwehavecreatedourprofile,thenextstepwouldbetodesign
theverticalalignment.Likeahorizontalalignment,onewaytocreatea
verticalalignmentistocreateaverticalalignmentfromgraphics.
CreateaNewVerticalAlignment
1 SelectFile>New.
2 SelecttheGeometrytab.
3 SettheTypetoVerticalAlignment.
4 FortheName,enterHemfieldVertical.
5 FortheDescription,enterPracticeVerticalAlignment.
6 FortheStyle,selectP_Cogo_PropVertical.
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Jan2011
AddVerticalPIs
1 Makesureyouhaveaprofileandthatitisvisible.Ifnot,createoneand
zoomintothelefthalf(orthird)oftheprofile.
2 SelectGeometry>VerticalCurveSet>AddPI.
InRoadspromptsyoutoidentifythefirstpoint.Thisfirstpointwillbe
enteredwithastationelevationkeyintoaccuratelylocatethepoint.
3 IntheCADKeyin,enterse=2345.78,208.0[63.40].
ThefirstPIisplacedatstation23+45.78[2+345.78]andelevation208.0
[63.40].
4 PressEnter.
InRoadspromptsyoutoidentifythenextpointorrejecttheprevious
point.Thenextpointwillbeenteredwithadistancegradekeyin.
5 Enterdg=600.0[182.92],0.03.
Distanceof600[182.92M]ftanddownhillgradeof3%.
6 PressEnter.
7 Ifnecessary,zoomouttoseethegraphics.
FortheremainingPVIs,wewillgraphicallypickthem.
8 ClicknearthetopoftheprofilearoundStation46+50[3+050].
Itdoesnthavetobeexact,butfollowtheexistingground.
YoucanuseCADViewtoolsinthemiddleofInRoadscommand.When
youaredonewiththeviewmanipulation,rightclickandInRoadswill
bringyoubacktothelaststeppriortoyourviewcommand.
9 Placeanotherdatapointattheendofourprofileneartheexistingground
aroundStation70+68[3+770].
10 Placeanotherdatapointjusttotherightofthelastpointbutstillinside
theprofilewindow.
11 Rightclicktwicetoresetoutofthecommand.
12 ClosetheAddVerticalPIdialog.
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217
EditingtheVerticalAlignment
InsertPI
TheInsertPItoolplacesaverticalpointofintersectionbetweentwoexisting
verticalPIsontheactiveverticalalignment.
SelecttheexistingverticalalignmentatthepointwhereyouwanttheinsertedPI
tobelocated.Youarethenpromptedtoacceptorrejectthiselement.Acceptthe
element,andthealignmentisdynamicallyattachedtothecursor.Youcanthen
definethelocationofthenewPI,eithergraphicallyorbyprecisionkeyin.After
youdefinethelocationoftheinsertedPI,youmustacceptorrejecttheoverall
solution.Dependingonthespecifications,thewarningmessageSolution
Overlapmaydisplay.
Beforeyoucanusethiscommand,youmusthaveanactivegeometryproject,
activehorizontalalignment,andactiveverticalalignment.Youmustfirstplacea
profilewindowintheCADfile.
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Jan2011
MovePI
TheMovePItoolrepositionspointsofintersectionontheactivevertical
alignment.AnycurvesatthemovedverticalPIarerecomputedandupdated.
WhenyouclickApply,youarepromptedtoidentifyanelementoftheactive
verticalalignment.SelecttheverticalPIontheverticalalignmentyouwantto
move.Youarepromptedtoacceptorrejectthispoint.Whenyouacceptthe
point,itisdynamicallyattachedtoyourcursor.Specifyalocationforthemoved
elementeithergraphicallyorbyprecisionkeyin.Youarepromptedtoacceptor
rejecttheoverallsolution.Dependingonthespecifications,thewarningmessage
SolutionOverlapsmaybedisplayed.
DeletePI
TheDeletePItoolremovespointsofintersectionandtheassociatedvertical
curvesfromtheactiveverticalalignment.
WhenyouclickApply,youarepromptedtoidentifyanelementoftheactive
verticalalignment.SelecttheverticalPIontheverticalalignmentyouwantto
delete.TheselectedverticalPIandanyelementsaffectedbythedeletionwill
updatetotemporarilyreflecttheproposedsolution.Youarethenpromptedto
acceptorrejecttheoverallsolution.Whenyouacceptthesolution,theverticalPI
isdeletedfromtheactiveverticalalignment.Anytangentsorcurvesconnected
totheverticalPIarealsodeleted.IfthedeletedverticalPIhadtwotangents
connectedtoit,thentheverticalPIsontheoppositeendsofthosetangentsare
connectedwithanewtangent.IfcurvesexistattheneighboringverticalPIs,they
arerecomputedusingthepointofintersectionandtheconstraintsyouselected
onthedialogbox.
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219
ExerciseEdittheVerticalAlignment
InsertVerticalPI
InsertaPIaroundStation63+00[3+545].
1 SelectGeometry>VerticalCurveSet>InsertPI.
2 GraphicallyselectthealignmentnearStation63+00[3+545].
3 GraphicallylocatethenewPIaroundStation63+00[3+545]andnearthe
existingground.
4 Clicktoaccepttheoverallsolution.
InsertanotherPVIatStation50+00[3+200].
5 GraphicallyselectthealignmentataroundStation50+00[3+200].
6 GraphicallylocatethenewPIaroundStation50+00[3+200]andnearthe
existingground.
8 Rightclicktoterminatethecommand.
MoveVerticalPI
MovethelastPVIinserted.
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Jan2011
1 SelectGeometry>VerticalCurveSet>MovePI.
2 IdentifythePIthatyoujustinsertedatStation50+00[3+200].
3 GraphicallylocatethePIaroundStation52+00[3+215]andnearthe
existingground.
DeleteVerticalPI
DeletethelastPVIofthealignment(aroundStation71+00[3+790]).
1 Pantotheendoftheprofile.
2 SelectGeometry>VerticalCurveSet>DeletePI.
3 GraphicallyselectthelastPIofthealignment(aroundStation71+00
[3+780]).
YoujusteditedyourverticalalignmentbyusingtheInsertVerticalPI,
MoveVerticalPIandDeleteVerticalPItools.Itisagoodpracticetosave
thegeometryprojectafteryoumakeanychanges.
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221
DefineVerticalCurveSet
TheDefineVerticalCurveSettooldefinesnewcurvesetsandmodifiesexisting
curvesetsintheactiveverticalalignment.Theacceptedsolutionisdisplayedin
theCADfile.Bydefault,thefirsttimeyouinvokethistool,thecurveinformation
shownisthatofthefirstcurveofthealignment.
Beforeyouusethiscommand,youmusthaveanactivegeometryproject,active
horizontalalignment,andactiveverticalalignment.Youmustalsohaveaprofile
windowdisplayedintheCADfile.
Curvescanbedefinedbyseveralmethods,butthetwomostcommonareLength
ofCurveandPassthrough.
222
Jan2011
ExerciseDefineVerticalCurves
NowthatwehavecreatedourPVIs,thenextstepistodefinevertical
curves.
DefineVerticalCurve
1 SelectGeometry>VerticalCurveSet>DefineCurve.
2 Enter200[100]forLengthofCurve.
3 ClickApply.
Didyouseethecurveintheprofile?
4 ClickNext.
6 ClickApply.
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223
AdjustingVerticalCurve
Whatifyoumeanttoenter400[65]insteadof800[60]?Andwhatifthe
verticalPIissupposedtobeatStation46+00[3+060]?
1 Enter46+00[3+060]forStation.
3 ClickApply.
YoujustmovedthePVItoStation46+00[3+060](elevationunchanged)
andplaceda400[65M]verticalcurveatthatlocation.
ContinueDefiningVerticalCurves
1 ClickNext.
3 ClickApply.
Ifyouweretoenteralengthof1000here,thecurvewouldnotchange
becausethelengthwouldbetoobig.ThepromptwouldsaySolution
overlapsorcontainsdiscontinuities.
4 ClickNext.
TheNextbuttonisnowgrayedout.Thisisbecausetherearenomore
curvestodefine.
IfthePreviousbuttonisgrayedout,itmeansyouareatthefirstcurveof
thealignment.
DefineaVerticalCurvePassingThroughaPoint
1 SelectPassthroughfortheCalculatedByoption.
2 Enter63+25[3+595.28]fortheStation.
3 Enter175.62[52.73]fortheElevation.
4 ClickApply.
AcurvewasjustcreatedthathasapointoncurveatStation
63+25[3+595.28]andElevation175.62[52.73].
ThereadoutofthePassthroughStationandElevationfieldsisconverted
tothelowpointofasagcurveorthehighpointofacrestcurveafter
Applyisclicked.
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Jan2011
EditthelocationofaVerticalCurve
1 NavigatebacktothecurveataroundStation52+00[3+215]usingthe
Previousbutton.
2 SelectLengthofCurvefortheCalculatedByoption.
3 Ifthestationisnotatafullstation,changeitto52+00[3+215].Ifitis,
changeitto52+05[3+215.10].
4 ClickApplyandthenClose.
Youjusteditedthecurve.Youcouldgobackandeditthecurveatany
timeusingthistool.
5 Fittheprofilewindowyouareworkingonintheviewwindowtovisually
reviewyourverticalalignment.
Youhavejustfinisheddefiningyourverticalalignment.
Youwillnowsave,review,displayandannotatethealignment.
6 SelectFile>Save>GeometryProjectorrightclickontheHemfield
GeometryProjectintheInRoadsExplorerWindowandselectSave.
ReviewVerticalAlignment
1 Rightclickontheverticalalignment(intheInRoadsExplorerWindow)and
selectRevieworselectGeometry>ReviewVertical.
Likereviewingthehorizontalalignment,youcaneitherreviewthevertical
alignmentinitsentiretyorreviewthealignmentoneelementatatime.
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225
VerticalAnnotation
VerticalAnnotation
ViewVerticalAlignment
Averticalalignmentcaneasilybeviewedbyrightclickingonthevertical
alignmentintheInRoadsExplorerWindowandselectingView,orbyselecting
Geometry>ViewGeometry>ActiveVerticalcommand.
AnnotateVerticalAlignment
TheAnnotateVerticalAlignmentcommanddisplaysandannotatesverticalpoint
andalignmentinformation,suchastangentgradesandverticalcurve
information.
IntheMaintab,identifytheverticalalignmentyouwanttoannotate(remember
thattheverticalalignmentisachildofthehorizontalalignment)andselectthe
profilesetyouwanttoannotate.
Ifyouhavemorethanoneprofilesetdisplayed,makesureyouhavethecorrect
profilesetselected;otherwise,youwillnotseetheverticalannotationwhereyou
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Jan2011
VerticalAnnotation
expectit.Ifyouknowthenameoftheprofileset,youcanselectitfromthepull
downlist;otherwise,youcouldusethegraphiclocatebutton.Clickonthegraphic
selectbuttonandidentifytheprofilesetyouwanttoannotate.
ThePointstabdefineshowthepointsontheverticalalignmentareannotated.
TheCurvestabcontrolstheverticalannotationofthecurves.
TheTangentstabcontrolstheverticalannotationofthetangents.
TheAffixestabisusedtodefineprefixesandsuffixesforthedifferenttypesof
annotation.
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227
ExerciseAnnotatetheVerticalAlignment
ExerciseAnnotatetheVerticalAlignment
ViewtheVerticalAlignment
1 RightclickonHemfieldVerticalintheInRoadsExplorer.
2 SelectView.
ViewtheVerticalAnnotation
1 SelectGeometry>ViewGeometry>VerticalAnnotation.
2 ClickApply.
Theverticalalignmentisnowannotated.
3 Closethedialogbox.
228
Jan2011
SummaryandReview
SummaryandReview
Summary
Youarenowableto:
Understandverticalalignments.
Createverticalalignmentsusingprecisioninput
Editverticalpointsofintersection(PIs)anddefineverticalcurves
Annotateaverticalalignment
Jan2011
229
SummaryandReview
Questions:
1 TrueorFalse:Ahorizontalalignmentmustexistbeforeavertical
alignmentcanbedefined.
True
False
2 Listtwoprecisionkeyinsforverticalalignments.
1__________
2__________
3 Whichofthefollowingisnotavalidmethodfordefiningaverticalcurve?
ALengthofCurve
BPassThroughPoint
CUnsymmetricalLength
DCircularCurve
EK=L/(g2g1)
4 Whichofthefollowingcommandswouldbethebestchoicetoannotate
curveandtangentinformationonanentireverticalalignmentinone
operation?
AGeometry>ViewGeometry>ActiveVertical
BGeometry>ViewGeometry>VerticalAnnotation
CEvaluation>Profile>AnnotateProfile
DEvaluation>Profile>AnnotateFeatureinProfile
EDrafting>PlaceProfileNote
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SummaryandReview
Answers:
1 TrueorFalse:Ahorizontalalignmentmustexistbeforeavertical
alignmentcanbedefined.
TrueInRoadsverticalalignmentsarechildrenofahorizontalalignment
andthuscannotbecreateduntilthehorizontalalignmentisdefined.
2 Listtwoprecisionkeyinsforverticalalignments.
1se=station,elevation
2dg=distance,grade
3 Whichofthefollowingisnotavalidmethodfordefiningaverticalcurve?
DCircularCurve
ThereareseveralmethodsofdefiningverticalcurvesinInRoads,but
circularcurveisnotoneofthem.Circularcurvesaredefinedforhorizontal
curvesonly.
4 Whichofthefollowingcommandswouldbethebestchoicetoannotate
curveandtangentinformationonanentireverticalalignmentinone
operation?
BGeometry>ViewGeometry>VerticalAnnotation
TheVerticalAnnotationcommandwouldbethemostappropriatechoice
forbulkannotation.Thiscommandannotatesthepoints,tangents,and
curvesinasingleoperation.Thereareothercommandsthatalso
providedannotationcapabilitiesthatcanbeusefulinsomesituationsbut
theVerticalAnnotationcommandistypicallythebestchoiceforgeneral
annotation.
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231
TaskObjective
CreateanewverticalalignmentforMeadowParkDrive.
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Jan2011
GivenData
ProjectFiles
Description Name
GraphicsFile:
C:\BentleyTraining\InRoads101\CreateVAusing
PIs\Task\MeadowParkWorking.dgn
C:\BentleyTraining\InRoads101\CreateVAusingPIs
\Task\TaskVAPI.rwk
opentheProjectfile.
Geometry
Requirements
HintRequirementsarenotnecessarilyinastepbysteporder,soread
themcarefullybeforeyoubegin.
exercise.
CreateanewverticalalignmentfortheMeadowParkDrivealignment.
Defineaverticalalignmentwith6verticalPIsand4paraboliccurves.
Thebeginningoftheverticalalignmentwillbeatstation15+51.15
[1+870.84]andelevation201.072[62.18].
Themaximumgradeshouldnotexceed3%.
ThefirstverticalcurvesPIisatStation26+00[1+870.84]andelevation
204.00[62.18].
ThenextverticalcurvesPIis500[152M]and1.8%fromthefirst
verticalcurves.
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ThethirdverticalcurvesPIisatStation37+00[2+206.13]and
elevation181.00[55.17].
TheverticalalignmenthastopassthroughSta.25+25[1+850]and
elevation203.00[61.86].
OneoftheverticalcurvesPIisatSta.40+00[2+297.56]andElevation
178.00[54.25].
Theverticalalignmenthastohavea4[1.2M]clearanceovera24
[600mm]drainagepipethathasaninvertelevationof172.70[53.28]
atSta.40+50[2+315](ignorethicknessofpipe).
Theminimumlengthofverticalcurveis200[60M].
Designthealignmentasclosetotheexistinggroundaspossible.
Theendoftheverticalalignmentwillbeatstation41+65.75
[2+348.08]andelevation179.71[54.78].
Theproposedalignmentshouldbedisplayedandannotatedinthe
CADfile.
BesuretosavetheGeometryProjectwiththenewverticalalignment.
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Jan2011
AssistanceVideo
assistance.
3 SelecttheCreateVAusingPIsfolder.
Questions
Whatisthegradeofthefirsttangentintheverticalalignment?
Whatistheflattestgradeofyouralignment?
Whatisthestationandelevationofthelowestpointofthealignment?
Whatisthestationandelevationofthehighestpointofthe
alignment?
Whatisthelengthofthelongestverticalcurve?
Whatisthelengthofthelastcurve?
TimeAllowed
30Minutes
Cleanup
Jan2011
235
236
Jan2011
RoadwayDesignerOverview
ThismoduleprovidesanintroductiontotheTemplatedefinitionandRoadway
Designerprocess.Havingageneralunderstandingofhowthesetoolsfunction
makesiteasiertolearnthedetailsofthetoolsinthefollowingtrainingmodules.
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269
Objectives
Objectives
Inthislessonwewill
Learnabouttemplateconceptsandhowtoapplytemplatesusingthe
RoadwayDesigner.
Assembleatemplatefromcomponentsusingthedraganddrop
workflow.
CreateamodeloftheroadwayusingtheRoadwayDesignercommand.
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Objectives
StartMicroStationandInRoadsorPowerInRoads
1 DoubleclicktheInRoads/PowerInRoadsicon
menuchoices.
MicroStationFileOpendialogappears.
OpenaCADFile
1 SetthedirectorytoC:\BentleyTraining\InRoads101\RoadwayDesigner
Overview\Practice\.
2 SelectthefileSR2067Bypass.dgn,thenclickOpen.
OpenProjectFile
1 SelectFile>Open.
2 OpentheProjectFilenamedPracticeRoadwayDesignerOverview.rwk
intheC:\BentleyTraining\InRoads101\RoadwayDesigner
Overview\Practice\folder.
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Templates
Templates
Aftertheproposedalignmentsandexistinggroundsurfacehavebeencreated,a
modeloftheproposedroadwaydesignisgeneratedbyassemblingproject
templatesandapplyingthemtotheprojectusingtheRoadwayDesigner.
Templatesarecrosssectionviewsofthetypicalsectionsusedtocreatethe
proposeddesign.
IndividualtemplatesarecreatedandstoredintheTemplateLibraryFile,which
hasthefileextension.itl.
Thetemplatelibrarycanbesharedbymanypeople,butitmustbeaccessedas
readonlywhenitisbeingshared.Usuallyaprojectspecifictemplatelibraryis
createdforeachprojectandtheappropriatetemplatesarecopiedtothatlibrary
sotheycanbemodifiedtomeetthespecificneedsoftheproject.
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Jan2011
ApplyingTemplates
ApplyingTemplates
Templatesareusedtocreateaproposedmodeloftheroadway.Thisis
accomplishedusingtheRoadwayDesigner.IntheRoadwayDesigner,templates
areassignedtospecificstationsalongthemainlinealignmentatspecificintervals,
whicharecalledtemplatedrops.
TheRoadwayDesignerconnectsthepointsofthetemplatedrops,forminga
modeloftheroadway,whichismadeintoasurfacemodel.Theconnected
templatepointsformlongitudinalbreaklinefeaturesinthesurfacemodel.
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273
TemplatesSurfaceModels
TemplatesSurfaceModels
OnlythetoppointsinthesurfacemodelgeneratedbytheRoadwayDesignerare
triangulated.
AllsubsurfacepointsthatarelowerthanthetriangulatedsurfaceareExclude
fromTriangulationpointsintheproposedsurface.Thesubsurfaceswillappear,if
desired,intheproposedcrosssectionsascomponents.Componentsareused
forvolumecalculations.
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Jan2011
CreateTemplateDialog
CreateTemplateDialog
Tocreateoreditatemplatelibrary,selectModeler>CreateTemplate.Thisopens
theCreateTemplatedialog,whichistheprimaryplacewheretemplatesare
createdandedited.Thisisalsowheretemplatesarecopiedfromastandard
templatelibrarytoaprojecttemplatelibraryusingTools>TemplateLibrary
Organizer.
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275
TemplateNames
TemplateNames
OntheleftsideofthedialogistheTemplateLibraryarea,whichcontainsa
Windowslikefolderstructure.Therootfolderisthenameandlocationofthe
templatelibrarythatiscurrentlyopen.Onlyonetemplatelibrarymaybeopenat
atime.
Tonavigatethefolderstructure,doubleclickthefoldersyouwanttoopenor
close.Insideanyfolderyoucancreateandorganizeyourtemplatesandsub
folders.Theorganizationofthefolderstructureisuserdefinable.Thefolder
structurealsosupportscommonWindowsfunctions,suchasdraganddrop,cut
andpaste,etc.
Mostcommonlyusedcommandscanbeaccessedbyrightclickingonthefolder
andtemplatenames.Ifyoudoubleclickatemplatename,itbecomestheCurrent
Templateandissignifiedbyaredboxaroundthetemplateicon.TheCurrent
TemplateisalsoidentifiedintheCurrentTemplateareanexttotheTemplate
Libraryarea.AtemplatemustbetheCurrentTemplateinordertobeassembled
oredited.
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Jan2011
CurrentTemplateWindow
CurrentTemplateWindow
InthecenteroftheCreateTemplatedialogisthemaingraphforcreating
templates.ThegraphiscalledtheCurrentTemplateWindow.TheCurrent
TemplateWindowusesitsowngraphicsengineandisnotaviewfrom
MicroStation.Thescaleofthegraphisdynamicandchangesasyouzoominand
out.
ThecenterpointoftheCurrentTemplatewindowismarkedbythedynamic
origin,whichisamagentacoloredbox.Thedynamicoriginisareferencepoint
andcanbemovedtoanylocationinthegraph.
Atthebottomofthegrapharenumerousviewcommandswhichallowyouto
manipulatetheviewofthetemplate.TheseoperatesimilartoMicroStationview
commands.Ifyourmousehasascrollwheel,itcanbeusedtopanandzoom.The
twobuttonswiththeleftandrightscrolliconsareusedtoundoandredo
templatecreationoperations.CTRLZwillundoyourlasteditorcreation.
Inthegraphareayoucanrightclicktoaccessadditionalcommandsandyou
candoubleclickelementsinthegraphforeditingpurposes.
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TemplatePreviewWindow
TemplatePreviewWindow
Whenyouhighlight(clickon)atemplate,thetemplateisdisplayedinthePreview
area,whichislocatedundertheTemplateLibraryarea.
Youcanusethepreviewtoassembletemplatesfromtheirpartsorcomponents,
usingdraganddrop.
Thecyancoloredboxinthepreviewrepresentstheinsertionpointforanydrag
anddropoperation.Youcanchangetheinsertionpointlocationbyclickingthe
desiredinsertionpointonthepreview.
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Jan2011
DynamicSettings
DynamicSettings
TheDynamicSettingsdialogisusedforprecisioninputofthetemplate
componentsandforassigningpointnamesandstyleswhencreatingcomponents.
Italsoservesasacompassforthelocationofyourcursorwithrespecttothe
dynamicorigin.ThedynamicorigincanbemovedusingSetDynamicOrigin,
locatedatthebottomoftheDynamicSettingsdialog.
TheDynamicSettingsdialogisaccessedbyselectingTools>DynamicSettingsor
usingtheviewcontroliconslocatedbelowtheCurrentTemplatewindow.
TheKeyinpulldownspecifiesthetypeofkeyintobeperformed.
XY=absolutecoordinates
DL=deltacoordinatesfromlastpointplaced(defaultstothedynamic
originifitisthefirstpointofacomponent)
HS=horizontaldeltadistanceandslopefromlastpointplaced
VS=verticaldeltadistanceandslopefromlastpointplaced
OL=deltacoordinatesfromdynamicorigin
OS=horizontaldeltadistanceandslopefromdynamicorigin
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Components
Components
Componentsarelogicalpartsofatemplate.Portionsofthetemplatethatare
separatedintocomponentsarenormallybasedontabulationconsiderations.
Examplesofcomponentsincludecurbandgutter,medianbarrier,pavement
layers,cutandfillslopes,andditches.
Componentsarenormallykeptinaseparatefolderinthetemplatelibrary.They
areusedtoassemblecompletetemplates,bydragginganddroppingthe
componentstotheCurrentTemplatewindow.Whenconnectingtwo
components,theconnectingpointchangestoawhiteplussignpriortoplacing
thecomponent.Thisistheindicationthatthepointscoincide.Whenthe
componentsareconnectedtogether,usingdraganddropfromthetemplate
libraryfolders,anycoincidentcomponentpointswillusethepointnameofthe
previouslyplacedcomponent.Templatepointnamescanbeeditedanytime
duringthecreationprocess.
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Jan2011
Components
Componentsarenormallycreatedwithpointnamesthatarenotspecifictothe
leftorrightsideoftheroadway.Whentheyareusedtocreatecompleted
templates,prefixesandsuffixestothetemplatepointscanbeautomatically
addedduringcomponentplacement.Prefixesandsuffixesarecontrolledusing
Tools>OptionsintheCreateTemplatedialogandcanbesetandclearedinthe
DynamicSettingsdialogduringplacementusingtheApplyAffixescheckbox.
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MergingComponents
MergingComponents
Whencombiningtwocomponentsofapavementsectiontogether,twoseparate
componentsareproducedwithaverticalsegmentdividingthem.Toremovethe
verticalsegmentandmergethetwocomponentsintoone,positionthecursor
overtheverticalsegmentandrightclick.ThenselectMergeComponents.
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Jan2011
BasicTemplateCreationWorkflow
BasicTemplateCreationWorkflow
OpenanexistingtemplatelibrarybyselectingFile>Open.
SelectModeler>CreateTemplate.ThisbringsuptheCreateTemplatedialog.
Navigatetotheappropriatefolderinthetemplatelibraryfolderstructureand
selectFile>New>Template.
Namethenewtemplate.
Navigatetowherethecomponentsarestoredinthetemplatelibraryfolder
structure,anddraganddropthecomponentstotheCurrentTemplate
window.
Ifnecessary,mergecomponentstogetherbyrightclickingonthevertical
segmentbetweentwocomponentsandselectingMergeComponents.
SelecttheDisplayPointNamesradiobuttonintheDisplayareaoftheCreate
Templatedialogbox.
Reviewthepointnamesandeditthem,ifneeded,bydoubleclickingonthe
pointsintheCurrentTemplatewindow.
SelectFile>Savetosavethetemplatelibrary.
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283
ExerciseCreatingaTemplatefromComponents
Continuingwiththefilesfromthepreviouspracticeexercise.
CreateaTemplateName
1 SelectModeler>CreateTemplate.
2 Doubleclicktherootfolder.
3 SelectthefoldernamedTemplatesintheCreateTemplatesdialog.
4 RightclicktheTemplatesfolder,thenselectNew>Template.
5 RenamethenewtemplateTwoLane.
6 SelectTools>DynamicSettingsfromtheCreateTemplatedialog.
7 Enter0.1forbothXStepandYStep.
8 SelectTools>Options.
9 SelecttheApplyAffixescheckbox.
10 EnterthefollowingPrefixvalues:
LeftPrefix:LT_
RightPrefix:RT_
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Jan2011
11 ClickOK.
TheApplyAffixesisautomaticallyselectedontheDynamicSettings
dialog.
DefineRightsideofTemplate
1 DoubleclicktheComponentsfolder.
2 DraganddropthecomponentnamedTwoLanew/shouldersfromthe
ComponentsfoldertotheoriginoftheActiveTemplatewindow(marked
byamagentacoloredbox).
HINTWatchthecoordinatesintheupperleftportionoftheDynamic
SettingsdialoganddroptheTwoLanew/shoulderscomponentatthe
coordinates0,0.
DefineLeftsideofTemplate
NextwewillplacetoTwoLanew/shoulderstemplateagainbutweneeda
reflectionofthetemplate.
1 AsyoudragthecomponentnamedTwoLanew/shouldersintothe
templatewindow,Rightclick(youarestillholdingdowntheleftmouse
buttonwhenyourightclick).
2 ReleasetheleftmousebuttonandselectReflect.
3 Movethetemplatetothe0,0coordinates.Noticetheexistingconnection
turnswhitewhenyouareinthecorrectlocation.
4 Clicktheleftmousebuttontoplacethetemplate.
Youshouldnowhavebothsidesofatwolaneroadwaycreated.
Ifyoumakeamistake,useCTRLZtoundo.
5 SelectFit.
DefineCurbandGutter
Thistimewewanttoplaceboththeleftandrightcurbatthesametime
usingthemirrorfunction.
1 AsyoudragthecomponentnamedConcreteCurb&Gutterintothe
templatewindow,Rightclickwhile(youarestillholdingdowntheleft
mousebuttonwhenyourightclick).
2 ReleasetheleftmousebuttonandselectMirror.
3 RightclickagainandunselectReflect.
4 Placethecomponentattheedgeoftherightshoulderpoint.
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285
Thecurbandguttersectionisplacedonboththeleftandrightsidesofthe
template.
DefineEndConditions
1 DoubleclicktheEndConditionsfolder.
2 DraganddroptheendconditioncomponentnamedSimpleCutandFill.
3 Placethecomponentatthebackofcurbpointontherightside.
4 SelectFit.
MergeComponents
1 Rightclickontheverticalsegmentsbetweenthepavementsboxes
(yellow)inthecenter,thenselectMergeComponents.
2 Rightclickontheverticalsegmentsbetweenthebaseboxes(orange)in
thecenter,thenselectMergeComponents.
Yourtemplateshouldlooklikethis:
SavetheTemplateLibrary
1 SelectFile>SavefromtheCreateTemplatedialogtosavethetemplate
library.
2 ClosetheCreateTemplatedialog.
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Jan2011
RoadwayDesigner
RoadwayDesigner
Afterthetemplatesarecreated,theyareappliedusingtheRoadwayDesigner.The
RoadwayDesignercombinesalignments,surfaces,andtemplatestocreatea
modeloftheproposedroadway.Itisalsowheresuperelevationiscreatedand
appliedtothedesign.
TocreateandeditRoadwayDesigns,selectModeler>RoadwayDesigner.This
bringsuptheRoadwayDesignerdialog.
ThedatayouinputintoRoadwayDesignerissavedintheRoadwayDesignfile,
whichhastheextension.ird(InRoadsRoadwayDesign).
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287
RoadwayDesignerDialog
RoadwayDesignerDialog
TheRoadwayDesignerdialoghasthreewindowviewingareas,representingthe
plan,profile,andcrosssectionviewsofthedesign.
Theseviewsusetheirowngraphicsengine,liketheCreateTemplatedialog,and
arenotMicroStationviews.Theviewsshowonlywhatisrelatedtothedesign,not
whatisdisplayedintheMicroStationfile.Thecontentofeachwindowis
controlledbytheactiveCorridorselectionandActiveSurfacesettings.
TheRoadwayDesignerdialogisresizable.EachwindowintheRoadwayDesigner
canalsobeindividuallyresized.
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Jan2011
RoadwayDesignerPlanViewWindow
RoadwayDesignerPlanViewWindow
ThePlanViewwindowislocatedintheupperleftcorneroftheRoadwayDesigner
dialog.Althoughitlookslikeastandardview,thePlanViewwindowdoesnot
displaythegraphicsintheCADfile.NothavingtheCADgraphicsdisplayedallows
youtofocusonthedesigndataonly.
Templatedropsaredisplayedasshortbrownlines.Atemplatedropisthelocation
whereanewtemplatebegins.ThePlanwindowislinkedtotheotherwindowsin
RoadwayDesignerviastationpositioningofthedesign.Thestationpositionis
shownasthelongeryellowline.
Othergraphicsinthiswindowincludethecorridorcenterline,originalground
surfaceperimeter,andcutfilllines.Asweincreasethecomplexityofthedesign,
othergraphicindicatorsappearinthewindow.Mouseovertipsareavailableand
viewcontrolsarelocatedonthebottomofalloftheRoadwayDesignersview
windows.
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289
RoadwayDesignerProfileViewWindow
RoadwayDesignerProfileViewWindow
TheProfileViewwindowislocatedinthelowerleftcorneroftheRoadway
Designerdialog.
ItdisplaystheOriginalgroundsurfacelineandthecorridorsverticalalignment.It
isalsolinkedtothestationpositionofthedesignandthatlocationisshownasa
verticalyellowline.ThescaleoftheProfileViewwindowisdynamicbasedonthe
zoomcontrols.
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Jan2011
RoadwayDesignerCrossSectionViewWindow
RoadwayDesignerCrossSectionViewWindow
TheCrossSectionViewwindowislocatedontherightsideoftheRoadway
Designerdialog.
ItdisplaystheActivesurfaceline,(typically,existingground)andthetemplatesas
theyareappliedtothedesign.Thiswindowwillbeaprimaryareaforreviewing
thedesign.
Additionaldisplaysettingscanbeappliedbyrightclickingonthewindow.The
scaleoftheCrossSectionViewwindowisdynamicbasedonthezoomcontrols.
LocateddirectlybelowtheCrossSectionviewwindowisanareathatdisplaysthe
stationcurrentlydisplayedandseveralbuttonsthatallowyoutostepthroughthe
design,basedonstationing.
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291
RoadwayDesignerFundamentals
CorridorManagementCommand
ACorridorisadesignsectionofroadwaydefinedbythestationlimitsofthe
mainlineshorizontalandverticalalignment.Acorridoriscreatedbyusing
Corridor>CorridorManagement.
TocreateaCorridor,nametheCorridor,selectahorizontalandverticalalignment,
andoptionallysetthestationlimitsoftheproject.Asingleroadwaydesignfile
(.ird)canstoremultiplecorridorsforaproject.Thesurfacesymbologyisalso
specifiedwhenacorridoriscreated.Thesymbologyisusedtosetthesurface
crosssectionandprofilesymbologieswhenanindividualsurfaceiscreatedfrom
thecorridor.
The.irdfilecanonlybeopenedbyoneuseratatime.
Thenextstepistoassigntemplatestothecorridor,usingtheCorridor>Template
Dropscommand.
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Jan2011
TemplateDropsCommand
TemplateDropsassignpreviouslycreatedtemplatestospecificstationsinthe
corridor.TheXY=0,0pointonthetemplatetracksonthecorridorshorizontal
andverticalalignmenttoformtheproposedroadway.
Tocreatetemplatedrops,selecttheappropriatetemplatefromthetemplate
library,thestationwherethetemplateisapplied,andthemodelinginterval.The
finalresultisastationandtemplatelist.
CreateSurfaceCommand
CreateSurfacecombinesthecorridorandtemplatedropsdatatocreateasurface
modeloftheproposedroadwaydesign.Thiscreatesasurfaceconsistingofthe
topsurfaceoftheroadwaydesignandthesubgradecomponents,whichare
ExcludefromTriangulationpointsandchildrenofthetopsurface.Components
canbedisplayedincrosssectionsandusedforvolumecalculations.
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293
BasicRoadwayDesignerWorkflow
Openthegeometryproject,originalgroundsurface(existingground),and
templatelibraryusingFile>Open.
SelectModeler>RoadwayDesigner.
Loadthetemplatelibrary.
SelectFile>NewfromtheRoadwayDesignerdialogandenterthenameof
thenewroadwaydesignfile(.ird).Touseanexistingroadwaydesignfile,
selectFile>Open.
SelectCorridor>CorridorManagement.Namethenewcorridorandselect
theappropriatehorizontalandverticalalignments.
SelectCorridor>TemplateDrops.Selecttheappropriatetemplateand
associatedstationtoapplythattemplate.Repeatfortemplatechangesalong
thealignment.
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Jan2011
SelectProcessAllintheRoadwayDesignerdialog.UsetheRoadway
Designersviewwindowstoreviewthedesign.
SelectCorridor>CreateSurfaceandenterthenameoftheproposedsurface.
SelectFile>SavefromtheRoadwayDesignerdialogtosavetheroadway
designfile.
SelectFile>SaveSurfacefromInRoadsExplorertosavethedesignsurface.
Jan2011
295
ExerciseCreateaRoadwayDesign
Continueusingthefilesusedinthepreviouspracticeactivity.
CreateaNewCorridor
1 SelectModeler>RoadwayDesigner.
2 SelectCorridor>CorridorManagement.
3 EnterSR2067RelocationfortheName.
4 ClickAdd,thenClose.
CreateTemplateDrops
1 SelectCorridor>TemplateDrops.
2 DoubleclicktheRootfolder.
3 DoubleclicktheTemplatesfolder.
4 SelectthetemplatenamedTwoLane.
5 ClickAdd,thenClose.
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Jan2011
ProcessAllandReview
1 SelecttheProcessAllbuttonlocatedinthelowerrightcornerofthe
RoadwayDesignerdialog.
3 ReviewthedesigninRoadwayDesigner.
CreateProposedDesignSurface
1 SelectCorridor>CreateSurface.
2 IntheNamefield,enterFinished.
3 EnsurethatEmptyDesignSurfacecheckboxisselected.
4 ClickApply.
6 ClosetheCreateSurfacedialog.
ReviewtheDesignSurfaceFeatures
1 SelectSurface>Feature>FeatureProperties.
2 SelecttheFinishedsurfaceandreviewthelistoffeatures.
3 Whenfinished,closethefeaturepropertiesdialog.
SavetheRoadwayDesignandDesignSurface
1 SelectFile>Savetosavetheroadwaydesignfile.
2 ClosetheRoadwayDesignerdialogandreviewtheplanfeaturesinthe
MicroStationdrawing.
3 SavethesurfaceFinished.dtmtothefolderC:\BentleyTraining\InRoads
101\RoadwayDesignerOverview\Practice.
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297
SummaryandReview
SummaryandReview
Summary
Youarenowableto:
Understandtemplateconceptsandhowtoapplytemplatesusingthe
RoadwayDesigner.
Assembleatemplatefromcomponentsusingthedraganddrop
workflow.
CreateamodeloftheroadwayusingtheRoadwayDesignercommand.
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Jan2011
SummaryandReview
Questions:
1 Arepointsinatemplate(topsurfaceandsubsurface)includedinasingle
resultingdesignDTM?
Yes
No
2 WhichmethodisusedtosetatemplateasactiveintheCreateTemplate
dialog?(Selectallthatapply).
ASelectthetemplatenamefromtheTemplatemenu.
BDoubleclickonthetemplatenameintheTemplateLibrarylist.
CRightclickonthetemplatenameintheTemplateLibrarylistand
selectSetActive.
3 TrueorFalse:Thetemplatepreviewwindowalwaysshowsthesame
templateastheeditingwindow.
True
False
4 TrueorFalse:The0,0positiononthetemplatewilltrackonthecorridors
horizontalandverticalalignmenttoformtheproposedcorridor.
True
False
5 Cantheresultsoftheroadwaymodel(pavementlayers,sideslopes,etc.)
bereviewedwithoutprocessingtheentireproject?
Yes
No
Jan2011
299
SummaryandReview
Answers:
1 Arepointsinatemplate(topsurfaceandsubsurface)includedinasingle
resultingdesignDTM?
YesAlltemplatepointsareincludedintheresultingdesignDTM.
However,onlythetoppointsinthesurfacemodelgeneratedbythe
RoadwayDesignerwillbetriangulated.Allsubsurfacepointsthatare
lowerthanthetriangulatedsurfacewillbeExcludefromTriangulation
pointsintheproposedDTM.Thesubsurfaceswillappear,ifdesired,inthe
proposedcrosssectionsascomponents.
2 WhichmethodisusedtosetatemplateasactiveintheCreateTemplate
dialog?(Selectallthatapply)
BandCTosettheactivetemplate,eitherdoubleclickonthetemplate
nameorrightclickonthetemplatenameandselectSetActivefromthe
menu.Theactivetemplateisidentifiedbyaredboxaroundthetemplate
icon.
3 TrueorFalse:Thetemplatepreviewwindowalwaysshowsthesame
templateastheeditingwindow.
FalseSingleclickingonatemplatenameresultsinthattemplate/
componentdisplayinginthepreviewwindow.Thepreviewedtemplate/
componentcanthenbedraggedontotheactivetemplatetocreatenew
components.
4 TrueorFalse:The0,0positiononthetemplatewilltrackonthecorridors
horizontalandverticalalignmenttoformtheproposedcorridor.
TrueThe0,0positiononthetemplatedefineswherethetemplatewill
connecttothecorridorshorizontalandverticalalignment.
5 Cantheresultsoftheroadwaymodel(pavementlayers,sideslopes,etc.)
bereviewedwithoutprocessingtheentireproject?
YesYoucanreviewanystationlocationalongtheprojectwithout
processingtheentireearthwork.TheRoadwayDesignerprocessesthe
earthwork/crosssectionfortheselectedstationlocationinteractivelyasit
isdisplayed.Anychangestothecorridorsettingswillimmediatelybe
reflectedinthedisplayedcrosssection.
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Jan2011
IntroductiontoVolumes
Inthischapter,wewilllearnhowtocomputeendareavolumesfromcross
sections.Wewillalsolearnhowtocomputetrianglevolumesbetweentwo
surfaces.Wewillgeneratereportsofthevolumecomputations.
Jan2011
489
Objectives
Objectives
490
Generateendareavolumes.
Createvolumereports.
Learnabouttrianglevolume.
Jan2011
Objectives
StartMicroStationandInRoadsorPowerInRoads
menuchoices.
2 OpenthefileVolumes.dgnintheC:\BentleyTraining\InRoads101\Introto
Volumes\Practice\folder.
OpentheProjectFile
1 OpentheProjectfile(.rwk)namedPracticeIntrotoVolumes.rwkinthe
C:\BentleyTraining\InRoads101\IntrotoVolumes\Practice\folder.
Jan2011
491
EndAreaVolume
EndAreaVolume
EndAreaVolume
Althoughendareavolumescanbeinaccurate,theyhavetraditionallybeenthe
preferredmethodofvolumecalculation.Whyinaccurate?Thevolumecalculation
isbasedontwothinslicesoftheproject;theareasofcutandfillatthesetwo
locationsareassumedtoberepresentativeofeverylocationbetweenthetwo
locations.Theaccuracyofthevolumeisonlyasgoodasthelocationsselected.
So,ifcrosssectionsarecreatedevery50feetalonganalignment,itisassumed
thatnosignificantchangesinterrainoccurredbetweenthetwocrosssections.
Beforecomputeraidedassistance,endareavolumeswereapracticaland
reasonablyaccuratemanualmethodofestimatingvolumes.Theothervolume
calculationmethods,suchasdifferentialelevations,requiredexcessivemanual
calculations.Usingcrosssections,thecontractor,engineerandownercouldeach
manuallyestimatethevolumeswithinanacceptableamountoferror.
So,howdoesthecalculationwork?Findtheareaofcutontwoadjacentcross
sections,forexample,station12+00and12+50.Traditionally,theareawas
measuredonacrosssectiondrawingusingaplanimeterorbycountingsquares
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Jan2011
EndAreaVolume
onagrid.Addthetwoareastogetheranddividebytwotogettheaverageofthe
two.Multiplythataverageareabythedistancebetweenthetwocrosssections
todeterminethecutvolume.Repeatthisprocessforthefillvolume.Thecloser
thecrosssectionsaretoeachother,themoreaccuratethevolumewillbe.
Jan2011
493
EndAreaVolumePrerequisites
CrosssectionsareneededintheworkingCADfile.Thecrosssectionsmusthave
atleasttwosurfacesdisplayed.Forcomponentvolumes,thetemplate
componentsmustbedisplayedonthecrosssections.
Sincethebasicendareacalculationassumesastraightline,anoptionisavailable
tocorrectforalignmentcurvature.Ifyouusethisoption,thehorizontal
alignmentonwhichthecrosssectionsarebasedmustbeloadedinInRoads.
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Jan2011
SurfaceType
SurfaceType
SurfaceType
Whenthesurfacelineisdisplayedonthecrosssection,thereissomeadditional
informationassociatedwiththatline.Oneoftheitemsassociatedwiththe
surfacelineistheSurfaceType.TheSurfaceTypeisusedbyInRoadswhen
computingvolumes.TherearefourpossibleSurfaceTypes.
Existingusedforexistinggroundsurfaces
Designusedfordesignsurfaces
Substratumusedforsurfacesbelowthetopofground,suchasan
undergroundrocklayer
IgnoreinstructsInRoadsnottousethesurfaceforendareacalculations
Subgradeusedtocomputeendareavolumesthathaveasubgradesurface.
Jan2011
495
EndAreaVolumeDialog
EndAreaVolumeDialog
EndAreaVolumeDialog
TheEndAreaVolumescommandispartoftheCrossSectionsdialog.
MultiplecrosssectionsetscanbedisplayedinasingleCADfile.TheEndArea
Volumestoolusesthecrosssectionsetnametospecifywhichcrosssectionsto
calculatevolumesfor.TheCrossSectionSetselectionboxandgraphicaltarget
buttonareusedtospecifytheappropriatecrosssectionset.Whenacrosssection
setisselected,aboxisdisplayedaroundthesettoidentifyitforprocessing.
ThesurfaceslistedintheEndAreaVolumesdialogboxaretheonesonthecross
sections.Thesurfaces(.dtm)donotneedtobeopenedtocomputeendarea
volumesusingthatsurface.Theactualgraphicsarereadtocomputetheendarea
volume.
AnotheroptionontheGeneralleafisanXMLreportthatcanbegeneratedwhen
thevolumesarecalculated.
496
Jan2011
ExerciseCalculateEndAreaVolume
CalculateEndAreaVolume
1 SelectEvaluation>CrossSection>CrossSections.
2 SelecttheEndAreaVolume>Generalleaf.
3 ChangetheCrossSectionSettoHemfieldRoadOption2.
4 SelectboththeHemfieldExistingandHemfieldFinishedsurfaces.
Notethetypeforeachsurface.
5 SelecttheCreateXMLReportcheckbox.
6 ClickApply.
Thevolumereportappears.
Jan2011
497
IfthemessageYouneedtosettheStyleSheet...appears,clickOKand
proceedwithstep7.Otherwiseskiptostep8.Thismessageindicatesthat
theselectedvolumereporttyperequiresadefaultstylesheet.
7 Ontheleftsideofthebrowser,opentheEvaluationfolder.
8 SelectBasicVolume.xsl.
The.xslfileisareporttemplatefilethatcanbeedited.
9 Reviewthereport.
10 ClosetheReportBrowser.
11 ClosetheCrossSectionsdialog.
IfyouwantBasicVolume.xsltobethedefaultformatforallendareavolume
reports,rightclickonBasicVolume.xslandselectSetasDefaultEndArea
Volume.
498
Jan2011
VolumeReports
VolumeReports
VolumeReports
TheInRoadsXMLreportingallowsquickviewingofvariousreportformats.Each
ofthe.xslfileslistedintheEvaluationfolderaredifferentvolumereportformats.
1 TryothervolumereportformatsintheEvaluationfolderandnoticehow
thedifferentformatscanbedisplayed.
2 ClosetheReportBrowserandtheCrossSectiontool.
3 Windowintooneofthecrosssections.
Noticethevolumecalculationinformationthatappearsatthebottomof
thecrosssections.
Jan2011
499
TriangleVolumes
TriangleVolumes
TriangleVolumes
Asnotedbefore,endareavolumeisonlyasgoodasthefrequencyandaccuracy
ofthecrosssections.
Trianglevolumescomparethetrianglesinbothsurfacestocomputethetrue
differencebetweenthesurfaces.Unlikeendareavolumes,trianglevolumesare
notanestimateofthedifferencebetweensurfaces.However,rememberthat
eventrianglevolumescanonlybeasgoodasthesurfacestheyaremeasuring;
surfacesapproximatetheterrain.
TheTriangleVolumetoolcomputesvolumesdirectlyfromsurfaces.Cross
sectionsarenotrequired.Similartotheendareavolumecalculations,theresults
oftheTriangleVolumetoolsarereportedusingXML.
UnliketheEndAreaVolumetool,theTriangleVolumetooldoesnotrecognize
componentsthatareinthesurfaces.
500
Jan2011
ExerciseCalculateTriangleVolume
ExerciseCalculateTriangleVolume
ComputeTriangleVolume
1 SelectEvaluation>Volumes>TriangleVolume.
2 SetOriginalSurfacetoHemfieldExisting.
3 SetDesignSurfacetoHemfieldFinished.
4 ClickAdd,thenApply.
proceedwithsteps5and6.Otherwiseskiptostep7.Thismessage
indicatesthattheselectedvolumereporttyperequiresadefaultstyle
sheet.
6 SelectTriangleVolumes.xsl.
7 Reviewthereport.
8 ClosetheReportBrowserandtheTriangleVolumedialog.
IfyouwantTriangleVolumes.xsltobethedefaultformatforalltriangle
volumereports,rightclickonTriangleVolumes.xslandselectSetasDefault
TriangleVolume.
Jan2011
501
TriangleVolumebyStation
TriangleVolumebyStation
TheTriangleVolumebyStationtoolcomputesahybridvolume.Truevolumesare
calculatedbetweentwosurfacesbutonlywithinaspecifiedwidthfromthe
centerlineandbetweenastationinterval.Thevolumeresultsarereportedona
stationbystationbasis,muchlikeendareavolumes.
TheTriangleVolumebyStationtoolcomputesvolumesdirectlyfromsurfaces.
Crosssectionsarenotrequired.Similartotheendareavolumecalculations,the
resultsoftheTriangleVolumebyStationtoolsarereportedusingXML.
UnliketheEndAreaVolumetool,theTriangleVolumebyStationtooldoesnot
recognizecomponentsthatareinthesurfaces.
502
Jan2011
ExerciseTriangleVolumebyStation
ExerciseTriangleVolumebyStation
ComputingTriangleVolumesbyStation
1 SelectEvaluation>Volumes>TriangleVolumebyStation.
2 SetOriginalSurfacetoHemfieldExisting.
3 SetDesignSurfacetoHemfieldFinished.
4 ClickApply.
proceedwithsteps5and6.Otherwiseskiptostep7.Thismessage
indicatesthattheselectedvolumereporttyperequiresadefaultstyle
sheet.
6 SelectBasicVolume.xsl.
7 Reviewthereport.
8 ClosetheReportBrowserandtheTriangleVolumebyStationdialog.
Jan2011
503
SummaryandReview
SummaryandReview
Summary
Youarenowableto:
504
Generateendareavolumes
Createvolumesreports
Generatetrianglevolumes
Jan2011
SummaryandReview
Questions:
1 Whichvolumecalculationmethod(s)comparetwosurfacestocompute
volumes?
AEndAreaVolumes
BTriangleVolumes
CTriangleVolumesbyStation
2 Whichvolumecalculationmethod(s)usethegraphicsinthecrosssection
tocomputevolumes?
AEndAreaVolumes
BTriangleVolumes
3 Whichvolumecalculationmethod(s)cancomputevolumesfrom
components?
AEndAreaVolumes
BTriangleVolumes
Jan2011
505
SummaryandReview
Answers:
1 Whichvolumecalculationmethod(s)comparetwosurfacestocompute
volumes?
BTriangleVolumes
BoththeTriangleVolumesandTriangleVolumesbyStationmethods
calculatevolumesbycomparingthedifferencebetweentwosurfaces.
2 Whichvolumecalculationmethod(s)usethegraphicsinthecrosssection
tocomputevolumes?
AEndAreaVolumes
TheEndAreaVolumemethodcomputesvolumesbyreadingthegraphics
andcalculatinganareaofcutandfilloneachcrosssection.Theendareas
areaveragedoverthedistancebetweenthecrosssectionstocalculate
thevolume.
3 Whichvolumecalculationmethod(s)cancomputevolumesfrom
components?
AEndAreaVolumes
OnlytheEndAreaVolumesmethodcancalculatevolumesfrom
components.
506
Jan2011
TaskObjective
Createandcompareanendareavolumeandtrianglevolumereport.
Jan2011
507
GivenData
ProjectFiles
Description Name
GraphicsFile:
C:\BentleyTraining\InRoads101\IntrotoVolumes\Task
\MeadowParkWorking.dgn
C:\BentleyTraining\InRoads101\Introto
Volumes\Task\TaskIntrotoVolumes.rwk
ProjectFile:
TheProjectfileopensthecorrectpreferences,existing
surfacedesignsurface,templatelibrary,roadway
designer,andgeometryfiles.Theindividualfilesarelisted
opentheProjectfile.
Geometry
FinishedSurface: MeadowParkFinished.dtm
Template
Library: MeadowParkCityStandards.itl
RoadwayDesign: MeadowPark.ird
Requirements
508
exercise.
Calculateendareavolumebetweentheexistinggroundandfinished
designsurfaces.
Calculatetrianglevolumesbetweentheexistinggroundandfinished
designsurfaces.
Savetheendareavolumeandtrianglevolumereportstothefolder
C:\BentleyTraining\InRoads101\IntrotoVolumes\Task\.
Jan2011
AssistanceVideo
assistance.
3 SelecttheIntrotoVolumesfolder.
Questions
Whatisthetotalcutandfillbasedontheendareavolumecomputation?
EndAreaCutVolume_______________
EndAreaFillVolume_______________
Whatisthetotalcutandfillbasedonthetrianglevolumecomputation?
TriangleCutVolume_______________
TriangleFillVolume_______________
TimeAllowed
15Minutes
Cleanup
Jan2011
509
510
Jan2011

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