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GROUP 2

1) C026-01-0633/2014 Kamania Joseph.


2) C026-01-0671/2014 Wahome Brian.
3) C026-01-0666/2014 Nyawira Titus.
4) C026-01-0667/2014 Onyango Brian.
OPERATING SYSTEMS ASSIGNMENT
ONE.
QUESTION 2
1)What are the differences between user level threads and kernel level threads?Under what
circumstances is one better than the other.
2)Windows and Linux are both competing for the web server market. The battle has ebbed
and flowed. What features of an operating system are essential for good web performance?
Discuss issues of reliability,network security,performance of storage hierarchy as well as
security. Which system do you think will win this titanic battle and why?

ANSWERS
1)
User-level threads are threads that the OS is not aware of. They exist entirely
within a
process, and are scheduled to run within that process's timeslices.
The OS is aware of kernel-level threads. Kernel threads are scheduled by the
OS's
scheduling algorithm, and require a "lightweight" context switch to switch
between (that
is, registers, PC, and SP must be changed, but the memory context remains the
same
among kernel threads in the same process).
User-level threads are much faster to switch between, as there is no context
switch;
further, a problem-domain-dependent algorithm can be used to schedule among
them.
CPU-bound tasks with interdependent computations, or a task that will switch
among
threads often, might best be handled by user-level threads.
Kernel-level threads are scheduled by the OS, and each thread can be granted
its own
time slices by the scheduling algorithm. The kernel scheduler can thus make
intelligent
decisions among threads, and avoid scheduling processes which consist of
entirely idle
threads (or I/O bound threads). A task that has multiple threads that are I/O
bound, or that
has many threads (and thus will benefit from the additional timeslices that
kernel threads
will receive) might best be handled by kernel threads.Kernel-level threads
require a system call for the switch to occur; user-level threads do
not.

2)
WHY LINUX?
Accessing servers through telnet or SSH access is offered only by Linux.
Common gateway inter phase is more standardized in Linux compared to
windows.
RELIABILITY.
Internet servers always expect the web pages whichever they browse to be
running all the time. Reliability of web servers should be maintained almost
100%. Nowadays commonly many of the web administrators prefer to host
their websites ion Linux OS than windows OS.
The main reason making people to rely on Linux is its stability. Compared to
windows,Linux OS crashes less often and in case Linux OS crashes,it is easy to
recover and restore.
PERFORMANCE OF STORAGE HIERARCHY.
Comparing both Linux and Windows platform for web servers, Linux is
reported as performing faster than Windows servers. The main reason for this is
windows servers gives it applications and services as all in one package at a
time. But Linux doesn't include all the packages initially but it provides the
option of extending the application packages.
NETWORK SECURITY.
Front page server extension(FPSE) will run on both Linux and Windows web
servers. However the security issues related to FPSE differ depending on OS
and webs server software. By providing passwords for web pages, accessing
them by authorized users can be restricted. If a website is hosted on a Linux
server,by using a registration from handler,one can create registration forms and
can configure user permissions. However in Windows platform,registration
pages are not reported by IIS.
WHO WILL CONQUER?
From the day world wide web created a revolution in technology,both windows
and Linux platform kept on battling to conquer the web server market. Both the
platforms have established themselves strongly in the market and both are
backed by gigantic companies in the field of information technology. Both the
servers have their advantages and disadvantages. Example,windows OS is more
compatible with many applications and a lot of programs can be installed easily.

Linux has computability issues with much more applications. Windows OS is


more costly than Linux OS. Windows servers are more vulnerable to virus
attacks than Linux. Users believe that the stability of Linux is much Higher
compared to Windows OS.

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