Code No: 45108/45108 R07 Set No - 1

III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations,Nov/Dec 2009

PROCESS CONTROL INSTURMENTATION
Common to Instrumentation And Control Engineering, Electronics And
Instrumentation Engineering
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) What is self and non-self regulation of a process? Explain.

(b) Are all the non interacting systems are self regulated? Explain with an exam-
ple.
[6+10]
2. In the Zeigler-Nichols method, the critical gain was found to be 4.2, and the critical
period was 2.21 min. Find the standard settings for,
(a) Proportional-mode control,
(b) PI control, and
(c) PID control. [4+6+6]
3. (a) Realize a hydraulic derivative controller with a neat sketch and explain the
operation.
(b) Draw the P+I+D electronic controller and derive the expressions for output
voltage. [8+8]
4. A proportional - integral controller is used on a pure time delay process. Calculate
the response to a step change in load if the controller gain is half the maximum value
and the reset time is half the time delay? Calculate the integral of the absolute
error. [16]
5. (a) Explain the principles of cascade controller tuning.
(b) Why is a process model required for feed forward controller? Explain. [8+8]
6. (a) Distinguish different types of Butterfly valves.
(b) Mention which are the rotating shaft valves. [12+4]
7. A diaphragm has an effective area of 25cm2 . If the pressure difference across the
diaphragm is 5PSI. What force is exerted on the diaphragm? [16]
8. (a) What is the effect of integral control action on the process? List the charac-
teristics of integral action.
(b) An integral controller is used for speed control with a set point of 15rpm, range
of 10 - 20 rpm, the constant Ki = -0.20% controller output per second per
percentage error. The controller output is 28% initially. If the speed jumps
to 17 rpm calculate the controller output after 3 seconds for a constant error.
[8+8]

1
Code No: 45108/45108 R07 Set No - 1
?????

2
Code No: 45108/45108 R07 Set No - 2
III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations,Nov/Dec 2009
PROCESS CONTROL INSTURMENTATION
Common to Instrumentation And Control Engineering, Electronics And
Instrumentation Engineering
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) What is meant by controller tuning?

(b) Discuss the philosophy of methodology that leads to the Cohen-Coon settings
for feedback controllers. [8+8]

2. (a) Describe the following

i. Maximum over shoot
ii. Settling time
iii. Decay ratio
(b) With
Write a short note on the following errors
i. IAE
ii. ISE
iii. ITAE [8+8]

3. Write short notes on:

(a) Feed forward control.

(b) Ratio control. [8+8]

4. The level in a tank is controlled by throttling the discharge stream and the entire
pressure drop occurs across the control. The flow to the tank varies over a threefold
range.

(a) What type of control valve would permit almost constant & constant overall
gain.
(b) Would the charging time constant of the tank influence the desired gain and
selection of the valve? Explain. [8+8]

5. (a) What is anticipatory control action? Describe with an equation. Summerize

the characteristics.
(b) A PD controller has KP = 2.0; KD = 2sec; PO = 40%. Plot the controller
output for the following as shown in figure 1 input. [8+8]

6. (a) Explain how a delayed negative feedback is employed in realization an elec-

tronic PD controller? Derive the expression for output voltage.
(b) List the advantages and disadvantages of electronic controllers over other
types. [10+6]

3
Code No: 45108/45108 R07 Set No - 2

Figure 1:

7. A magnetic amplifier requires a 5-10volt input signal from 4-20 mA control signal.
Design a signal conversion system to provide this relationship. (assume the values
of suitable components). [16]

8. (a) What is meant by process load and process lag? Explain with an example.
(b) Derive a process equation for any one pressure process system. [8+8]

?????

4
Code No: 45108/45108 R07 Set No - 3
III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations,Nov/Dec 2009
PROCESS CONTROL INSTURMENTATION
Common to Instrumentation And Control Engineering, Electronics And
Instrumentation Engineering
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????

1. Write short notes on:

(a) Ratio control.
(b) Override control. [8+8]
2. (a) Discuss relative advantages and disadvantages of proportional, integral and
derivative actions.
(b) Discuss the effect of proportional control action on the closed loop response
of process. [8+8]
3. (a) Explain how the flashing exists in fluid pipe line.
(b) What are the problems associated with flashing? [10+6]
4. (a) Say whether heated tank and an immersed thermometer with negligible inter-
action is interacting or non-interacting system.
(b) Write the differential equations and determine the transfer functions individ-
ually for heated tank and thermometer.
(c) Determine the over all transfer function of these. [4+8+4]
5. (a) Describe the following types of disturbances with relevant sketches
i. Transient
ii. Set point changes
iii. Load changes
(b) Explain different time integral performance criteria. [8+8]
6. (a) What is an actuator? What is the role of actuator in the final control operation
of a process control system?
(b) Mention different types of actuators used in process industries. [8+8]
7. (a) With a neat sketch, explain the working principle of a thermostat type position
controller.
(b) List the advantages and disadvantages of a pneumatic controllers over other
controllers [10+6]
8. (a) How can controller tuning be made effective for system stability?
(b) What is Optimum tuning control? What are its different approaches? [8+8]

?????

5
Code No: 45108/45108 R07 Set No - 4
III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations,Nov/Dec 2009
PROCESS CONTROL INSTURMENTATION
Common to Instrumentation And Control Engineering, Electronics And
Instrumentation Engineering
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) Define self regulation? Explain with an example.

(b) Explain how self and non-self regulated systems operate for a step input with
examples. [6+10]

2. (a) Illustrate open loop transient response method for PID parameters settings.
(b) A transient disturbance test run on a process loop. The results of 7.5% control-
ling variable change gave a process reaction graph with CP=3.3%, T=3.2min.,
L=2min. Find the settings for three mode action. [8+8]

3. (a) Explain few control schemes in boiler system.

(b) Explain the control schemes used in distillation column. [8+8]

4. (a) Explain the principle of proportional and integral control action with an ex-
ample.
(b) What are the effects of integral action on the process, give its characteristics.
[8+8]

5. (a) Explain the principle of operation of pneumatic actuators.

(b) Find the diaphragm area, if a control gauge pressure of 70KPa provides a force
of 400N to open a valve. [8+8]

6. (a) Explain in detail the realization of pneumatic proportional controller with a

neat sketch.
(b) Draw the proportional and integral electronic controller and derive the expres-
sion for the output voltage. [8+8]

7. (a) When do you propose single loop control schemes? List the different tuning
schemes of PID controllers.
(b) Explain how decay ratio is used for evaluation of the performance of a process?
[8+8]

8. Find the proper valve coefficient, for pumping a liquid flow rate of 600gal/min with
a maximum pressure difference of 55 PSI. The liquid specific gravity is 1.3. [16]

?????