Ratio : A ratio is just a comparison between two different things.

To find the ratio of the first number to the

second, we find What multiple of the second number is the first number?. This is done by dividing the first number
by the second one.
For example, the ratio between 20 and 32 is
= 20 / 32 = 5/8
The ratio of 60/80 = 6/8
Here you can write the phrase the ratio of X to Y as X : Y. You should read it as X is to Y
While finding out the ratio of the given numbers, you should keep the following points in your mind :
1.

The quantities should be of same kind. You cant find out the ratio between 2 kg Iron and 1 liter Milk.

2.

These quantities in the ratio are called Terms

The first term in ratio is called Antecedent and

the second term is called Consequent.

3.

We represent ratios in numbers. There are no units for this.

4.

If somebody says, the ratio of the two numbers is X : Y, then that doesnt means the first number should be
X and the second number should be Y. The numbers may be CX : CY (here C is a non zero constant which is a
multiple of X and Y).

5.

The ratio is always same. If you divide / multiple the numerator and denominator with the same number then
the value should be same.

6.

The ratio will change if you add or subtract a number from both numerator and denominator.

7.

Percentage is a special kind of ratio. You can treat it as the ratio which is having its second term as 100.

8.

Two ratios a : b and c : d (or a/b and c/d) are said to be equal if a x d = b x c.

9.

If two ratios are X : Y and Y : Z, then you can simply write them as X : Y : Z.

Some important points:

1) If ratio is written as A:B, it is said to be a linear form and in case it is written as A/B, it is said to be fractional form.
2) Ratio does not have any unit. It is mere number.
3) The equality of two ratios is known as proportion i.e. a/b = c/d
If a/b = c/d , then it is also equal to a+c/b+d
Invertendo : If a/b = c/d , then b/a = d/c
Alterendo : If a/b = c/d , then a/c = b/d
Componendo : If a/b = c/d , then a+b/b = c+d/d
Dividendo : If a/b = c/d , then a-b/b = c-d/d
Componendo and Dividendo : If a/b = c/d , then a+b/a-b = c+d/c-d
4) If a/b = b/c = c/d = so on, then a,b,c,d are in G.P.
Proof: Let a/b = b/c = c/d =k
c= dk, b= ck, a= bk
Therefore, b= dk^2 and a= dk^2
All are in G.P.
5) If a>b and same positive number is added to each term, then ratio decreases.
For example: a/b = 4/3 = 1.3, If 2 is added to each term, then a/b = 4+2/3+2 = 6/5 = 1.2
Therefore, ratio decreases.

6) If a<b and same positive number is added to each term, then ratio increases.
For example: a/b = 3/4 = 0.7, If 2 is added to each term, then a/b = 3+2/4+2 = 5/6 = 0.8
Therefore, ratio increases.
7) If we multiply or divide any number, there will be no effect on ratio.
8) Let a:b is a ratio
a^2:b^2 is duplicate ratio of a:b
a^3:b^3 is triplicate ratio of a:b
a^1/2:b^1/2 is sub-duplicate ratio of a:b
a^1/3:b^1/3 is sub-triplicate ratio of a:b
9) Proportions i.e. a:b = c:d
a and d are known to be extremes
b and c are known to be means.
10) In a:b :: c:d, d is fourth proportional to a,b and c.
11) If x is third proportional to a,b then it is written as a:b :: b:x.
Problem: 94 is divided into two parts in such a way that the fifth part of second are in ratio 3:4. The first part is?
Solution: Let these parts are A and B
A/5 = 3 , This implies, A = 15
B/8 4
1st part = 94*15 = Rs30
47

32