English Grammar 101: All You Need to Know

By Daniel Scocco

Just ask a friend what is the role of prepositions within sentences, or

what are the four moods of verbs, and I am sure that you will see a puzzled look on his face.
Understanding the basic grammar rules is essential for communicating efficiently, but most of us
have forgotten those concepts years ago.
In order to solve this problem we decided to put together all the basic rules on a single page, so that
you can use it as a refresher, or print it out for future reference. Enjoy!

Sentences
Sentences are made of two parts: the subject and the predicate.
The subject is the person or thing that acts or is described in the sentence. The predicate, on the
other hand, is that action or description.
Complete sentences need both the subject and the predicate.

Clauses
Sentences can be broken down into clauses.
For example: The boy is going to the school, and he is going to eat there.
This is a complete sentence composed of two clauses. There are mainly two types of clauses:
independent clauses and subordinate clauses.
Independent clauses act as complete sentences, while subordinate clauses cannot stand alone
and need another clause to complete their meaning. For example:

Independent clause example: The boy went to the school.

Subordinate clause example: After the boy went to the school

Phrases
A group of two or more grammatically linked words that do not have subject and predicate is a
phrase.
Example of a complete sentence: The girl is at home, and tomorrow she is going to the amusement
park.
Example of a clause: The girl is at home
Example of a phrase: The girl
You can see that the girl is a phrase located in the first clause of the complete sentence above.
Phrases act like parts of speech inside clauses. That is, they can act as nouns, adjectives, adverbs
and so on.

Parts of Speech
A word is a part of speech only when it is used in a sentence. The function the word serves in a
sentence is what makes it whatever part of speech it is.
For example, the word run can be used as more than one part of speech:.
Sammy hit a home run.
Run is a noun, direct object of hit.
You mustnt run near the swimming pool.
Run is a verb, part of the verb phrase must (not) run.
Traditional grammar classifies words based on eight parts of speech: the noun, the pronoun,
theadjective, the verb, the adverb, the preposition, the conjunction, and the interjection. We are
going to cover them individually below.

Nouns
A noun is a word used to describe a person, place, thing, event, idea, and so on. Nouns represent
one of the main elements of sentences, along with verbs, adjectives, prepositions and articles.
Nouns usually function as subjects or objects within sentences, although they can also act as
adjectives and adverbs.
Here is a list with the different types of nouns:
1. Proper nouns
Used to describe a unique person or thing, proper nouns always start with a capital letter. Examples
include Mary, India, and Manchester United.
2. Common nouns
Common nouns are used to describe persons or things in general. Examples include girl, country,
andteam
3. Concrete nouns

Nouns that can be perceived through the five senses are called concrete nouns. Examples
include ball,rainbow and melody.
4. Abstract nouns
Nouns that cannot be perceived through the five senses are called abstract nouns. Examples
include love,courage, and childhood.
5. Countable nouns
Countable nouns can be counted. They also have both a singular and a plural form. Examples
include toys,children and books.
6. Non-countable nouns
These nouns (usually) can not be counted, and they dont have a plural form. Examples
include sympathy,laughter and oxygen.
7. Collective nouns
Collective nouns are used to describe groups of things. Examples
include flock, committee and murder.

Plural Form of Nouns

The English language has both regular and irregular plural forms of nouns. The most common case
is when you need to add -s to the noun. For example one car and two cars.
The other two cases of the regular plural form are:
1.
2.

nouns that end with s, x, ch or sh, where you add -es (e.g., one box, two boxes)
nouns that end with consonant + y, where you change the y with i and add -es (e.g., one
enemy, two enemies)
On the irregular plural form of nouns there are basically eight cases:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

nouns that end with -o, where you add -es (e.g., one potato, two potatoes)
nouns ending with -is, where you change -is to -es (e.g., one crisis, two crises)
nouns ending with -f, where you change f to -v and add -es (e.g., one wolf, two wolves)
nouns ending with -fe, where you change -f to -v and add -s (e.g., one life, two lives)
nouns ending with -us, where you change -us to -i (e.g., one fungus, two fungi)
nouns that contain -oo, change -oo to -ee (e.g., one foot, two feet)
nouns that end with -on, where you change -on with -a (e.g., phenomenon, phenomena)
nouns that dont change (e.g., sheep, offspring, series)
It might appear overwhelming, but after using these nouns a couple of times you will be able to
memorize their plural form easily.

Pronouns
Pronouns are used to replace nouns within sentences, making them less repetitive and mechanic.
For example, saying Mary didnt go to school because Mary was sick doesnt sound very good.
Instead, if you say Mary didnt go to school because she was sick it will make the sentence flow
better.

There are several types of pronouns, below you will find the most common ones:
1. Subjective personal pronouns. As the name implies, subjective pronouns act as subjects within
sentences. They are: I, you, he, she, we, they, and it.
Example: I am going to the bank while he is going to the market.
2. Objective personal pronouns. These pronouns act as the object of verbs within sentences. They
are:me, you, him, her, us, them and it.
Example: The ball was going to hit me in the face.
3. Possessive personal pronouns. These pronouns are used to indicate possession, and they are
placed after the object in question (as opposed to possessive adjectives like my and your, which are
placed before the object). They are: mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs and its.
Example of possessive adjective: This is my car.
Example of possessive pronoun: This car is mine.
4. Reflexive pronouns. This special class of pronouns is used when the object is the same as the
subject on the sentence. They are myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves, themselves and itself.
Example: I managed to cut myself in the kitchen.
5. Interrogative pronouns. As you probably guessed these pronouns are used to ask questions.
They arewhat, which, who, whom and whose.
Example: What are the odds?
6. Demonstrative pronouns. These pronouns are used to indicate a noun and distinguish it from
other entities. Notice that demonstrative pronouns replace the noun (while demonstrative
determiners modify them). They are: this, that, these, those.
Example of a demonstrative determiner: This house is ugly.
Example of a demonstrative pronoun: This is the right one.
7. Indefinite pronouns. As the name implies, indefinite pronouns do not refer to a specific thing,
place or person. There are many of them, including anyone, anywhere, everyone, none,
someone and so on.
Example: Everyone is going to the party.

Adjectives
An adjective is a word that describes a noun. There are two kinds: attributive and predicative.
An adjective is used attributively when it stands next to a noun and describes it.
For example: The black cat climbed a tree.
Notice that the verb participle forms can be used as adjectives:
The man felt a paralyzing fear.
Flavored oatmeal tastes better than plain oatmeal.
The usual place of the adjective in English is in front of the noun. You can have a whole string of
adjectives if you like: The tall thin evil-looking cowboy roped the short, fat, inoffensive calf.
Sometimes, for rhetorical or poetic effect, the adjective can come after the noun:
Sarah Plain and Tall (book title)
This is the forest primeval.

An adjective is used predicatively when a verb separates it from the noun or pronoun it describes:
The umpire was wrong.
The crowd was furious.
She seems tired today.
This soup tastes bad.
The dogs coat feels smooth.
The verbs that can be completed by predicate adjectives are called being verbs or copulative
verbs. They include all the forms of to be and sensing verbs like seem, feel, and taste.

Adjective Classifications

qualitative: good, bad, happy, blue, French

possessive: my, thy, his, her, its, our, your, their
relative and interrogative: which, what, whatever, etc.
numeral: one, two, second, single, etc.
indefinite: some, any, much, few, every, etc.
demonstrative: this, that, the, a (an), such
The demonstrative adjectives the and a (an) are so important in English that they have a special
name:articles. They are discussed separately below.

Articles
The words a, an, and the are generally called articles and sometimes classed as a separate part of
speech. In function, however, they can be grouped with the demonstrative adjectives that are used
to point things out rather than describe them.
Definite Article
The is called the definite article because it points out a particular object or class.
This is the book I was talking about.
The dodo bird is extinct.
Indefinite Article
A is called the indefinite article because it points out an object, but not any particular specimen.
a book, a dog, a lawn mower
The indefinite article has two forms:
A is used before words beginning with a consonant sound or an aspirated h:
a car, a lamb, a hope, a habit, a hotel
An is used before words beginning with a vowel sound:
an ape, an image, an untruth, an honorable man

Verbs
English has three kinds of Verbs: transitive, intransitive, and incomplete.
1. Transitive Verbs
A verb is transitive when the action is carried across to a receiver:
The farmer grows potatoes. Elvis sang ballads.
The receiver is called the direct object. It answers the question What? or Whom? after the verb.
Grows what? Potatoes. Sang what? Ballads.

2. Intransitive Verbs
A verb is intransitive when the action stays with the verb. It is not carried across to a receiver:
Corn grows. Elvis sang.
Adding a prepositional phrase to modify the verb does not change the fact that the action remains
with the subject:
Corn grows in the fields. Elvis sang all over the world.
Both transitive and intransitive verbs are action verbs.
3. Incomplete Verbs
There are three types of incomplete verbs:
i. being verbs also called linking or copulative verbs
to be, seem, become, taste, smell, sound, feel
Tip: Some of these verbs can also be used transitively. If in doubt, substitute a form of to be for the
verb. If the sentence still makes sense, the verb is being used as a copulative verb:
He feels depressed. He is depressed.
He feels the wall. He is the wall.
ii. auxiliary verbs also called helping verbs
be, have, shall, will, do, and may.
He could have gone earlier.
iii. semi-auxiliary verbs
must, can, ought, dare, need.
You must not go. You dare not go.

Verbs Voice
English verbs are said to have two voices: active and passive.
Active Voice: the subject of the sentence performs the action:
His son catches fly balls. Creative children often dream in class.
Note: Verbs in the active voice may be either transitive or intransitive.
Passive Voice: the subject receives the action:
The ball was caught by the first baseman.
The duty is performed by the new recruits.
The dough was beaten by the mixer.
The mailman was bitten by the dog.
Only transitive verbs can be used in the passive voice. What would be the direct object of the verb in
the active voice becomes the subject of the verb in the passive voice:
Active voice: The dog bit the mailman. bit is a transitive verb. The receiver/direct object is
mailman.
Passive voice: The mailman was bitten by the dog. bit is now in the passive voice. The receiver
has become the subject of the verb.
A passive verb in either present or past tense will always have two parts: some form of the verb to
be (am, is, are, was, were), and a past participle (verb form ending in -ed, -en, or any form used with
have when forming a perfect tense).

Note: The mere presence of the verb to be does not indicate that a verb is in the passive voice. The
test of a verb in the passive voice is the two-part question:
Is the subject performing the action of the verb or is the subject receiving the action of the verb?
If the subject is receiving the action, then the verb is in passive voice.
Sometimes the passive voice is the best way to express a thought. Used carelessly, however,
passive voice can produce a ponderous, inexact writing style.

Verbs Mood
English verbs have four moods: indicative, imperative, subjunctive, and infinitive.
Mood is the form of the verb that shows the mode or manner in which a thought is expressed.
1. Indicative Mood: expresses an assertion, denial, or question:
Little Rock is the capital of Arkansas.
Ostriches cannot fly.
Have you finished your homework?
2. Imperative Mood: expresses command, prohibition, entreaty, or advice:
Dont smoke in this building.
Be careful!
Dont drown that puppy!
3. Subjunctive Mood: expresses doubt or something contrary to fact.
Modern English speakers use indicative mood most of the time, resorting to a kind of mixed
subjunctive that makes use of helping verbs:
If I should see him, I will tell him.
Americans are more likely to say:
If I see him, I will tell him.
The verb may can be used to express a wish:
May you have many more birthdays.
May you live long and prosper.
The verb were can also indicate the use of the subjunctive:
If I were you, I wouldnt keep driving on those tires.
If he were governor, wed be in better fiscal shape.
4. Infinitive Mood: expresses an action or state without reference to any subject. It can be the
source of sentence fragments when the writer mistakenly thinks the infinitive form is a fullyfunctioning verb.
When we speak of the English infinitive, we usually mean the basic form of the verb with to in front
of it: to go, to sing, to walk, to speak.

Verbs said to be in the infinitive mood can include participle forms ending in -ed and -ing. Verbs in
the infinitive mood are not being used as verbs, but as other parts of speech:
To err is human; to forgive, divine. Here, to err and to forgive are used as nouns.
He is a man to be admired. Here, to be admired is an adjective, the equivalent of admirable. It
describes the noun man.
He came to see you. Here, to see you is used as an adverb to tell why he came.

Verbs Tense
Modern English has six tenses, each of which has a corresponding continuous tense.
The first three tenses, present, past, and future, present few problems. Only third person singular
in the present tense differs in form:
Present tense of regular (weak) verbs:
Today I walk. Today he walks.
Yesterday I walked.
Tomorrow I shall/will walk.
The dwindling class of irregular (strong) verbs must be learned individually.
Today I go. Today he goes.
Yesterday I went.
Tomorrow I shall/will go.
The other three tenses, perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect, are formed with the helping
verbs have, has, and had.
perfect: used to express an event that has just finished, and to describe an event which, although in
the past, has effects that continue into the present.
Queen Elizabeth has reigned for 56 years.
pluperfect (past perfect): used to express an event that took place before another action, also in the
past.
I had driven all the way to Oklahoma when I realized my mistake.
future perfect: used to express an event that will have taken place at some time in the future.
As of February 26, I shall have been in this job six years.
For complete conjugation tables of weak and strong English verbs, see the Wikipedia article.

Adverbs
Adverbs are used to describe or modify a verb, adjective, clause, or another adverb. Basically, they
modify everything except nouns and pronouns (which are modified by adjectives).
Example of an adverb modifying a verb: He was running fast. (fast modifies running)

Example of an adverb modifying an adjective: She took a very small piece of the
cake. (very modifies small)
Example of an adverb modifying a sentence: Strangely, the man left the room. (strangely modifies
the whole sentence)
Usually adverbs answer to the questions When? (adverbs of time), Where? (adverbs of place),
and How? (adverbs of manner).
Adverbs can also be used to connect clauses and sentences (in this case they are
called conjunctive adverbs).
For example: It was dark. Therefore, we needed the torch. (therefore connects the two sentences)

Prepositions
Prepositions are used to link nouns and pronouns to other words within a sentence. The words
linked to are called objects.
Usually prepositions show a spatial or temporal relationship between the noun and the object, like in
the example below:
The cat is under the table.
Cat is the noun. Under is the preposition. Table is the object.
Here is a list with the most common prepositions: about, above, after, among, around, along, at,
before, behind, beneath, beside, between, by, down, from, in, into, like, near, of, off, on, out, over,
through, to, up, upon, under, and with.
Notice that you can also have a prepositional phrase, which is formed by the preposition and its
object. A preposition phrase can function as adverb, adjective or noun. For example:
The dog was running under the rain.
The prepositional phrase under the rain acts as an adverb, specifying where the dog was running.

Conjunctions
A conjunction joins words and groups of words.
There are two classes of conjunction: coordinate or coordinating and subordinate or subordinating.
Co-ordinate conjunctions: and, but, eitheror, neithernor.
Subordinate conjunctions: that, as, after, before, since, when, where, unless, if.
Mother and Father are driving me to New Orleans. (and is a coordinate conjunction joining words of
equal significance in the sentence.
I painted the walls but Jack painted the woodwork. (but is a coordinate conjunction joining clauses of
equal significance in the sentence. Either clause could stand alone as a sentence.)
Since you cant get away, well go without you.
(Since is a subordinate conjunction joining a less important thought to a more important thought.
The main clause, well go without you, can stand alone as a complete thought. The subordinate
clause, Since you cant get away, is an incomplete thought. It is dependent upon the main clause for
meaning.)

Note: The relative pronouns who, whom, which, and that are used in the same way that subordinate
conjunctions are. The difference is that the relative pronouns serve three purposes at once:
1) they stand for a noun in the main clause
2) they connect the clauses
3) they serve as a subject or object word in the subordinate clause:
He is the man who invented the hula hoop. (who stands for man and is the subject of invented)
Charles is the boy whom the other children tease. (whom stands for boy and is the object of tease)
Give me the piece of string that is waxed. (that stands for string and is the subject of is waxed)
There goes the horse which won the Derby. (which refers to horse and is the subject of won)
The possessive adjective whose can also be used to join clauses:
Thats the bird whose plumage I admire. (whose refers to bird and describes plumage)

Interjections
Interjection comes from from a Latin word that means throw between. Its a word or phrase that is
thrown into a sentence to express an emotion:
Goodness, how youve grown!
Darn, I forgot my lunch!
Alas, will he never return?
All the impolite expressions that we call expletives are interjections.
Strictly speaking, an interjection is not a part of speech. It serves no grammatical function but is
rather a noisy utterance like the cry of an animal (F.J. Rahtz). Interjections express feeling or
emotion, not thought and have been called the miserable refuge of the speechless.
If youve ever stood lunch duty on a high school campus, you know just how vapid conversation can
be when larded with meaningless interjections.

Related Articles

English Grammar 101: Sentences, Clauses and Phrases

English Grammar 101: Verb Tense
English Grammar 101: Parts of Speech

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90 Responses to English Grammar 101: All You Need to Know

rachelon August 26, 2008 4:09 pm

Thanks for this great overview. No matter how many times I review grammar basics, theres always
something I havent quite gotten the hang of.

Warren Son August 26, 2008 8:11 pm

Thank you. I loved this so much I am turning it into a poster for my office wall.

Sally, Snappy Sentenceson August 26, 2008 9:30 pm

Wonderful! Im going to forward this to my workmates.

Flotoonieon August 27, 2008 12:54 am

Excellent! I am an english teacher but of the generation that somehow missed learning grammar .
Yes, there are many of us out there (can you imagine that?). This is exactly what I have only just
recently realised I needed. Thankyou.

Debon August 27, 2008 1:16 am

Wow. Just wow. What a fantastic postpretty much everything you really need to know, all in
one, handy spot.

Youngon August 27, 2008 12:26 pm

Hi, Daniel, I think you will be a great teacher if you want to be.

Matton August 27, 2008 2:17 pm

I have a problem with Plural Nouns, irregular rule #6 oo words become ee words in the
plural. That works for the example given, foot becomes feet, but not for a host of other examples
that came to mind: boot, hoop, tool, fool, etc. I think its incorrect to call it a rule.
Raymond Chuaon August 27, 2008 2:46 pm

Very well written. Ill share this post with my students.

sad manon August 27, 2008 8:24 pm

what is wft, rofl ,ffs , lol, i cant find them in any dictionary.

chrison August 27, 2008 8:32 pm

me love good grammar guy. hulk smash!

Sorted Philon August 27, 2008 8:40 pm

Greta article.
Cool, classy, concise.

Yuenon August 27, 2008 9:38 pm

I print this post to PDF to read it daily for writing tips.
Brandonon August 28, 2008 12:45 am

Great post, very good info

Im bookmarking it, thanks again

Edwinon August 28, 2008 4:05 am

Just ask to a friend is that a typo in the first sentence??

Mayor of Kentonvilleon August 28, 2008 6:21 am

Thank you, very interesting article

Kenon August 28, 2008 4:46 pm

WHAT? Not a word about dangling participles? Ok Ill explain it:
A dangling modifier is one that does not actually modify the subject that it follows. The object it
modifies is found in the sentence but it is not followed by the modifier.
One morning I shot an elephant in my pajamas. How he got into my pajamas I dont know.
Though, logically, the person making the statement would have been wearing the pajamas, the line
plays on the grammatical possibility that the elephant was wearing his pajamas, owing to its
misplaced modifier.

Markon August 28, 2008 5:49 pm

Excellent!!

tova teitelbaumon August 29, 2008 7:54 am

Ecellent. I am astounded how little college students know about grammar and the role it plays in
comprehension and precise communication

Prof. Grammaron August 30, 2008 1:28 am

The claim is made here that Understanding the basic grammar rules is essential for
communicating efficiently, but most of us have forgotten those concepts years ago. Not quite true.
We humans are born with an instinct for picking up thousands of grammar rules unconsciously, and
thus, by the time we are 6 or 7, before we attend school, we verbally communicate nearly perfectly
with friends and family. No rules have been consciously learned, and these wired-in rules are
never forgotten. What the author means, I think, is that it is interesting and fruitful to spend time
becoming consciously aware of the structure of language in order to become more sophisticated
users of it, especially when it comes to writing.

rezaon August 31, 2008 2:57 pm

my name is reza

rezaon August 31, 2008 2:58 pm

hello how are you

rezaon August 31, 2008 3:00 pm

yes

Henry Cruzon September 01, 2008 8:22 am

Great stuff! I am not amazed that college students dont know basic grammar. Its an awful lot to
store, and isnt that why they made great sites like thisto dust off the brain cells.
Henry Cruz

Robin Cooperon September 01, 2008 1:14 pm

Nice post. You might want to change the possessive adjective classifications slightly.
Nobody has said thy except when quoting the bible or similarly ancient material for a long time.
Make it your instead.

Lord Allenon September 04, 2008 1:58 pm

This is great! Thanks! This will help me in my writing career. Its sad to know that there are still
teachers that dont know what they are teaching. For example, I had a teacher who said that you
should use A if the first letter of the succeeding word is a consonant and An if the first letter of
the succeeding word is a vowel. But thats not always the case. You dont say a hour, right?
She needs enlightenment, Danielle. LOL.

David Porteron September 05, 2008 8:12 pm

What a wonderful resource. You should offer it as a .pdf somewhere on your blog.
I suspect this, with a few properly placed commercials, might make its way around the web and
bring additional value to your blog.
It seems too valuable to leave trapped in this post.

prosperon September 09, 2008 10:24 am

give me the verbs to be with all tences and pronous

Leahon September 09, 2008 3:21 pm

This page has been quite informative however, I still have a question. Is If I were you, I would go.
always correct? Is there ever a case where one would say If I was you?

Abraham Manoon September 27, 2008 4:14 pm

Excellent ! Clear and concise. This article provides very useful information. Thanks a lot !
Abraham

melon October 02, 2008 10:01 am

hi to all the grammarian out there! Im a 2nd year student,majoring English May I ask you to kindly
make a response on my research paper ? I have to find any problem with has a concern in
grammar and find also an answer on that particular problem..for example, we defined verb that is
denotes a state of being but how come that the verb in this sentence denotes a state of being?

melon October 02, 2008 10:10 am

hi to all the grammarian out there! May I ask you to kindly make an answer to my research paper?
Im a 2nd college student, majoring English. I have to find any problem that has a concern in
grammar and give an answer to that particular problem. for example,
She is beautiful.
We defined verb that is denotes a state of being. But how come that is in that sentence denotes a
state of being?
I will appreciate any help that you can give to me Thank you in advance.

vickyon October 04, 2008 8:17 am

thank you so much. you really educate me.
am lacking behind before but now there is improvement even my teacher comfirm it.

Christianon October 07, 2008 7:59 am

Thank you for sharing information!

ningon October 22, 2008 7:32 am

I would like to say that grammar is very important to improve our skill especially in writing and
speaking.

wasseemon November 04, 2008 11:33 pm

really ,I am happy for that ,I like studying english ,I am learning now in special institute ,until now
oky, I need to practice more and speak too ,I have dreamt for along time to visit UK or USA maybe
that impossible for many reasons :first money
I would like to be your friend from that web,I dont know if you expect me,by the way I have finished
3rd level in syria,
am I good ?
thank you.
for your eforts

Atif Elahion November 09, 2008 5:29 pm

the way grammar is written,and the sequence especially of it ,is intresting.its enough for urgent
learners that every thing is right here..thankx

cutieon November 09, 2008 11:07 pm

this really helped me with my english thankyou for helping i used to have a 36% now i have an
92% thanks bye bye

jumarnoon November 21, 2008 4:27 am

this resume can be one of my reference to learn and teach english

v.s.yogeethaon December 12, 2008 10:01 am

This is very useful for each and every individual to improve the lanuguage skills. It is very healthy
stuff for the teachers, students and for other members. I have confident that i can speak english
fluently.

Antashon January 02, 2009 11:51 am

Really very good article and a piece no a huge piece of good grammaticle information.
Thanks for the info.

lillieon January 04, 2009 11:00 pm

this helpes me alot for my english homework.
it also helped me study for a test.

shannonon February 06, 2009 12:27 pm

i hate greammar but i love to write!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Saifon February 20, 2009 8:40 am

Can anyone help me in knowing: when you write a letter, in salutation, can we use capital A for All.
Example: Dear All.

Sanjoyon April 13, 2009 4:26 pm

I feel very intersting to speak English.

Kassieon April 19, 2009 1:14 am

Thnx sooo muchthis really helped me!

Mariaon April 19, 2009 7:27 am

Thnxthis really helped me on my homework and made my studying and test results alot better
thnx again

melissaon May 04, 2009 9:30 am

Hello. Im interesting about the English Grammars because i want to improve my skill and Help me
how to improve my.speaking,writing, listening. thank you so much. please reply me.

Khaleel Ahmedon June 14, 2009 9:09 am

It is very useful and brusy up my memories.
Thank you very much for your article

Christine Segalon June 14, 2009 1:06 pm

Which is correct?
This is photo of Mike and I, at the beach
or
This is a photo of Mike and me, at the beach.

Rodon July 01, 2009 3:46 pm

This is the kind of stuff we need to know to avoid English teaching myths at least in my country
We call it spanglish

maria meuryon July 18, 2009 11:49 pm

thanks very clear infromaton for culeless grammer teenager it help a lot really heheheh do you
have a math one ?

Rodon July 21, 2009 5:45 pm

This is a photo of Mike and I at the beach
Object pronouns are used after verbs eg. Mike took me a photo

Tom Babingtonon August 13, 2009 4:32 pm

Is the Grammar 101 e-book just for new subscribers?
Thanks

The Baldchemiston September 08, 2009 8:54 am

Just while we are on the subject of grammar; let me point out a couple of errors:
Understanding the basic grammar rules is essential for communicating efficiently, but most of us
have forgotten those concepts years ago.
Its understanding the basic rules of grammar is essential for effective communicationand most
of us forgot those concepts years ago
If you are going to write as an expert then you must ensure your grammar is as good as it gets,
otherwise your credibility goes down the tube.
Take good care and get as much joy as you can every day.

Tim Capuchinoon September 18, 2009 11:40 am

I am doing research on the rules of the english language. My question to you is, who made up the
rules of the english language? Was it a group of Europeans? Please let me know, thank you
Tim Capuchino

pooton October 11, 2009 7:47 pm

more about sentences like run-on and such. Good job, anyways!
-Po.0t

Daveon February 22, 2010 11:55 pm

As a communicator, I enjoy hearing English spoken well. Understanding basic English grammar
gives people the ability to write and speak well. By the way, I enjoyed your comments.

ashkanon April 14, 2010 9:10 am

excuse me i want all of grammar :how we can make sentence with present prefect.

Eileenon July 01, 2010 4:14 pm

Hi,
I work with deaf students. This is a very good site. Great for practice. There are some things I have
to explain or shorten, but I like the idea of having all the need to know grammar in one place. I
combine this with what is in their book.
Thank you so much!

John Adenijion July 02, 2010 6:04 pm

I did not get the download link as promised, can you please send the link to me?
Thanks
Adeniji

said moustaouion August 05, 2010 11:50 am

so good article i get many things that iam weak in
so thank you so much
grammar is the basic of language

raquelon August 07, 2010 9:33 am

thanks alot.. for sharing english grammas sometimes im confused how to make a perfect
sentence.

Rason August 18, 2010 11:12 am

Hey, thanks alot for that. These are just the facts I need to help understand about grammar and
how they function in a language. Although this may sound irrelevant, since I am learning Japanese
but its good to understand about grammar before learning another language.

Making sense is what makes things go the way it should be. Excellent work, man.

monaon September 15, 2010 2:02 pm

thank you very much .I am really grateful because you reminded me with forgotten things .Please ,
put exercises after this great course to test our understanding .I want the answer?

wadaon September 29, 2010 2:16 pm

Hi. The sentence This is a photo of Mike and I at the beach. is wrong. Mike and the speaker are
objects of the preposition of, therefore, it should have been This is a photo of Mike and me at the
beach. I is a subject form; me is the object form of I

Gautamon December 05, 2010 10:19 am

Great stuff..lots of already known ideas .however,when ever I READ English Grammar I
always feel theres something more to it.
And being a CELTA trained person,I always think there are better & easier ways to put it across to
my Students.
Many thanks for this article.CHEERS!!

fatemehon December 09, 2010 5:49 am

Hi Dear Im pleased to visit your site I think you can help me to improve

Hilder Pardoon January 09, 2011 3:43 pm

this is great! simplify my class. thank you very much.

Soamon March 13, 2011 7:07 pm

Whenever I go through it feels something was missing .. thanks a lot

delia bhagalooon March 24, 2011 7:41 pm

this webpage is so informative on everything about grammar. cant wait to tell my friends about it.

Richard Stackon April 15, 2011 7:28 am

I was wondering if they require students to diagram sentences anymore? I hated doing it as a
student, but I now feel that it was invaluable in learning proper grammar.

sajadon April 21, 2011 5:13 am

Ihope everything is ok : i do to improve my english communicative(i mean how can i speak very
well)

A.persiaon May 04, 2011 3:17 am

wooow, this is very great job, you made as a pass to correct our errors and i believe if person read
these guide lines he/she will get a support

jamieon May 19, 2011 11:14 am

wow! awesome, i really like it, coz i wanna learn a lot specially to communicate to foreign people
using international language, so i can enhance my knowledge my & learn a lot more from them..
i can really say that this job was well done:) ..
keep up the good work:)

Brianon May 29, 2011 9:37 am

Ive said for years that English grammar is the worst taught subject in the history of the world. Most
of us were taught grammar year after year in school, but almost nobody understands even basic

concepts. Yet everything one needs to know about grammar can be taught in a single semester (or
on a single web page)!
Thank you for this clear and concise reference page. And for your outstanding blog!

shellon May 31, 2011 6:10 pm

Thanks! Day before exams you know how it is.

monicaon June 06, 2011 10:47 am

where do we have for paragraphs?????

hanahon June 17, 2011 11:04 pm

how does this help students to better have a greater look on grammer and life.?? with not knowing
the most importan looks on grammer????

M. Jameson June 20, 2011 10:46 pm

I dont really expect the above comments to follow the rules of grammarthis is the net after all
but this one really struck me as funny:
Ecellent. I am astounded how little college students know about grammar and the role it plays in
comprehension and precise communication
Well thank goodness the /little/ college students know about the importance of grammar! Funny to
find ambiguity in a sentence touting the role of grammar in precise communication.

peppyon July 02, 2011 4:43 am

anyone help me?
which one is the correct one this is a slogan for a forestry company, but I feel curious about it
One Aim, More Green or One Aim, to be Greener.
is it okay to use more before adjectives of color?
because Ive seen people use the two kinds of form, more green and greener.

Kevin ONeillon July 06, 2011 2:38 am

When is a clause not a sentence? Assume someone writes the following on a blackboard: The girl
is at home. If someone asked me if this was a sentence, I would have to answer, Yes. What
makes this a clause and not a sentence?

M.D.on August 02, 2011 12:07 am

This is nice to mebecause for me the grammar is so difficult my situation..at the age of 35 im
back to studying to finish college it been a long year stopped to schooling and now I continued my

studies.So this article is very helped me to teach about the English grammar. Thank u very much
for your helping me. more power!

Awuoron August 26, 2011 11:52 am

one word-incredible!

Tara Neelon August 31, 2011 4:28 pm

This was so very helpful. I have an upcoming entrance exam at a school I am trying to get into and
decided to lookup some basic english related knowledge that I knew I had forgotten. It was so
great to be able to find it all in one place. I cant believe I am 21 years old and re learning these
things, but this site made it much easier. Thanks so much!
Sincerely,
Tara Neel

Ifeon September 05, 2011 3:55 pm

Hello, Thank you for the information here. It really helps. I have a question about sentence
structure and am hoping you or anyone can help me.
Is it correct to use we back to back as a subject. Example:
We recommend that you consult your physician right away. We would also be more than happy to
assist you in getting a refund for this item.
Is it grammar No No to construct two sentences like the one above? Thanks for your help.

Bounxouon November 11, 2011 6:33 am

Hello,
My name is Sou I have been studying English for many years, but I cannot know how I can clearly
know the basic of grammatical rules. Today I have a special to aces this web and I also find a
wonderful information that I have wanted to know them for ages.
Thank you very much for giving for useful items.
Bounxouon November 11, 2011 6:50 am
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You are my unknown teacher, but you help me a lot why you do that I do not I only know that you
are my great person. Absolutely you are not forgotten from my souls. You make me interested in
yours you upgrade me in a desirable way that I wished to find out. I promise that I will suggest your
great web to my friends know soon.
Thanks,

Aidy Pon February 05, 2012 7:01 pm

It is annoying. Grammatics changes so much, it is almost impossible to keep up. Which is why I am
here. Thanks so much!

Stephanieon April 28, 2012 1:33 am

Thank you for your post. It is good to know that my memory is not as bad as I thought.

I read all of the comments. I laughed so hard that I could not catch my breath. Apparently, you have
to know good grammer to construct a sentence. It is interesting that punctuation, capitalization
and spelling are not necessary.

Sukantaon May 16, 2012 12:01 am

Being an English teacher Ill give you 100 out of 100 ! Really its amazing to get the basic English in
a single page ! We all need to know those basics before proceeding to learn English if we love the
subject.Truely , the concepts of grammar are described in a lucid and simple language.Thanks a
lot for such post.