I.

Introduction to Drill String Design:

Overview
II. Drill String Components
Drill Collars - Drill Pipe - HWDP

III. Drill String Design

Bottom Hole Assembly Selection
Drill Pipe Selection
Buckling and max WOB

Drill String Design & BHA

Design

Objectives
At the end of this lecture YOU will be able to
describe:
Functions of Drill Pipe , Drill Collars and BHA
selection
Grades of Drill Pipe and strength properties
Thread types and tool-joints
Drill collar weight and neutral point
Bending Stress Ratios and Stiffness Ratios
Margin Of Overpull
Basic design calculations based on depth to be
drilled.
Functions of stabilizers and roller reamers.

Agenda
I. Definitions Mechanical properties of
steel
II. Introduction to Drill String Design:
Overview
III. Drill String Components
Drill Collars - Drill Pipe - HWDP

IV. Drill String Design

Bottom Hole Assembly Design

Drill Pipe Selection
Buckling and max WOB

Definitions Mechanical Properties of Steel

Young Modulus
E = Stress divided by Strain = 30,000,000
Stress & Strength
Stress = Strength divided by Cross
Section Area
Strain & stretch
Strain = Stretch divided by original length

Definitions Mechanical Properties of Steel

Elastic Limit
Limit of stress beyond which, when the stress is
removed, the steel will have acquired a permanent
stretch.
Minimum Yield Stress
The stress which gives a stretch of 0.5% . When
the stress is removed, the steel will have acquired
0.2% of permanent deformation.
Ultimate Tensile Stress
The stress which will break the steel

Stress and strain curve

Functions of the Drill String

The drill string is the
mechanical linkage
connecting the drill bit on
bottom to the rotary drive
system on the surface.
The drill string serves the
three main following
functions :

1. Transmit and support axial

loads - WOB
2. Transmit and support
torsional loads - rpm
3. Transmit hydraulics to clean
the hole and cool the bit.

Drill String Components

The Drill String includes
all tubular equipment
between the Kelly Swivel
and the bit
Kelly
Surface Safety Valves
Drill Pipe
Heavy Walled Drill Pipe
Drill Collar
Jars Shock Subs Bumper
Subs
Junk Baskets Accelerators
etc

The Kelly/Top Drive

Strictly speaking, Kelly/
Top drive are not
components of the drill
string; however, they
provide the essential
requirements for drilling a
well:
1) Transmit rotation to the
drill string.
2) Provide access to the
drilling fluid into the drill
string.
3) Support the weight of the
string.

The Kelly
The Kelly is the rotating link between the rotary
table and the drill string.
Transmits rotation and weight-on-bit to the drillbit
Supports the weight of the drillstring
Connects to the swivel and allow circulation thru pipe.

The Kelly comes in lengths ranging from 40 to 54

ft with cross sections such as hexagonal (most
common), square or triangular.
Connected to a Kelly Saver Sub

Kelly Cock
The Kelly is usually
provided with two safety
valves, one at the top and
one at the bottom, called
Kelly cock.
The Kelly cock is used to
close the inside of the
drillstring in the event of a
kick.
The upper & lower Kelly
cocks operate manually.
IBOP / DPSV are not run in
the drill string but kept
handy on the rig floor

Top Drive
The top drive is basically a combined rotary
table and kelly.
It is powered by a separate motor and transmits
rotation to the drill string directly without the
need for a rotary table.

Advantages over the kelly system:

1. Efficient reaming and back reaming.
2. Circulating while running in hole or pulling out of hole
in stands
3. The kelly system can only do this in singles; ie 30 ft.

Drill Pipe
Function
To serve as a conduit or conductor for drilling
fluid To transmit the rotation from surface to
the bit on bottom
Components
A pierced, seamless tube of forged steel or
extruded Aluminum Tool joints attached to
each end of the seamless tube
Tool Joints
Provide connections for the drill string
Separate pieces of metal welded to the
seamless tube Thick enough to have pin or box
cut into them

Drill Pipe Classification

1. Size
2 3/8 to 6 5/8 refers to OD of pipe body
2. Length Range
1 18 to 22 ft, Range 2 27 to 30ft,
Range 3 38 to 45 ft
3. Grade
E - 75, X 95, G 105, S 135 the numbers
denote 1000s of psi minimum yield strength
4. Weight
Depending upon the size of pipe different
weight ranges
5. Class
API classification for used pipe
For example a drill pipe could be - 5, Range 2, G-105,
19.5ppf, New

Drill Pipe Grades

There are four grades of pipe commonly used
today.

Used Drill Pipe Classification

Unlike casing and tubing, which are normally run
new, drill pipe is normally used in a worn
condition. It therefore has Classes:
New:
No wear, has never been used
Premium: Remaining wall not less than 80%.
Class 2: Remaining wall not less than 70%.
Class 3: Remaining wall less than 70%.
Other details such as, dents and mashing, slip area
mechanical damage, stress induced diameter
variations, corrosion cuts and gouges, specified on
Table 24 ( Classification of Used Drill Pipe ) of API RP
7G.

Drillpipe Upsets
Where the pipe joins the tooljoint, the pipe wall thickness is
increased or upset.
This increased thickness is used to decrease the frequency of
pipe failure at the point where the pipe meets the tool-joint.
The drill-pipe can have
Internal upsets (IU), ( OD stays the same )
External upsets (EU), ( ID stays the same )
Internal and External Upsets (IEU).

Drill Pipe Weights

When referring to Drill Pipe Weights, there are four important
ones:
Plain end Weight Refers to the weight per foot of the pipe
body.
Nominal Weight - Refers to an obsolete standard. ( Weight of
Range I pipe with connections ) Is used today to refer a
class of Drill pipe.
Adjusted Weight Refers to the weight per foot of pipe
including the upset but excluding the tool joint based on a
length of 29.4 ft
Approximate Weight The average weight per foot of pipe
and tool joints of Range II pipe. This approximate weight is
the number to use in Design calculations.

Calculating Approximate Weights

Calculating Approximate Weights

DP Data from Table 7 Spec 7

API RP 7G
Table 1-3 New Pipe Data
Table 4-5 Premium Pipe Data
Table 6-7 Class Two Pipe Data
Table 8-9 Tool-joint Data
Table 10 Make-up Torque Data
Table 12 Connection interchangeability
Table 24 Classification of used DP

Tool Joints
All API tool joints have a minimum yield strength of 120,000
psi regardless of the grade of the drill pipe they are used on
(E, X, G, S)
API sets tool joint torsional strength at minimum 80% of the
tube torsional strength.
Make up torque is determined by pin ID or box OD. The
make up torque is 60% of the tool joint torsional capacity.
The equation for determining make up can be obtained
from the appendix of API RPG7. ( Numeral A.8.2 ). This
equation is rather complex, so the API developed a series of
charts to find the recommended make up torque to any
connection given the tool jt OD of box and ID of pin. These
charts can be found in API RP 7G ( Figures 1 to 25 )

Make-Up Torque Charts

Drill string Connections

The most common thread style in drill pipe is NC
The thread has a V-shaped form and is identified by the pitch
diameter, measured at a point 5/8 inches from the shoulder
Connection Number is Pitch dia*10 truncated to two digits
If the pitch diameter is 5.0417 in
This is an NC50 connection
Multiply 5.0417 by 10 50.417
Choose rst two digits 50
Hence NC 50

NC Drill string Connections

There are 17 NCs in use : NC-10 (1 1/16)
through NC-77 (7 3/4)
Typical sizes: NC 50 for tool joints with 6 1/2 OD
for 5 pipe and NC 38 for 4 3/4 tool joints and 3
1/2 pipe.
Seal is provided by shoulder not threads. A
clearance exists between the crest of one thread
and the root of the mating thread
Use of Lead based dope vs Copper based dope
for DCs. Not for sealing but for lubrication, to
help make-up and prevent galling

Drill Collars
Functions

To put weight on bit (WOB)

To keep the drill string from buckling

Types

Typically 4 to 9 OD
Most commonly in lengths of 30-31 feet
Square collars where the holes tend to be
crooked
Spiral collars where there is chance of
getting stuck (differentially, etc..)
Collars with elevator and slip recesses

More functions of Drill Collars

1. Protect the Drill string from Bending and Torsion
2. Help to control direction and inclination of wells
3. Drill straighter holes or vertical holes
4. Provide Pendulum effect at low WOB
5. Reduce dog legs, key seats and ledges
6. Improve the probabilities of getting casing in the
hole.
7. Increase bit performance
8. Reduce rough drilling, sticking and jumping
9. As a tool in fishing, testing, completing

More Types of Drill Collars

Slick Drill Collar

In areas where differential

sticking is a possibility spiral
drill collars and spiral HWDP
should be used in order to
minimize contact area with
the formation.

Spiral Drill Collar

Drill Collars Strapping

API Drill Collar Sizes

Drill Collar Connections

Characteristics

DC connections are rotary shouldered connections and

can mate the various DP connections
The shoulder provide the only positive seal against
fluid leakage
The lubricant is Copper based dope
The connection is the weakest part of the entire BHA
The DC connections go through cycles of tensioncompression and are subject to bending stresses
Improper M/U torque, improper or insufficient
lubricant, galling can all lead to connection failure

Drill Collar Connections

Stress Relief Features

Stresses in DC connections are concentrated at the

base of the pin and in the bottom of the box
(stronger)
DP body bends easily and takes up the majority of the
applied bending stress, DP connections are therefore
subjected to less bending than the DP body.
DCs and other BHA components are however much
stiffer than the DPs and much of the bending stresses
are transferred to the connections.
These bending stresses can cause fatigue failure at the
connections
Stress Relief Groove / Bore Back

Stress Relief Pin Feature

Stress Relief Pin & Box Features

Drill Collar Connections

The stress relief groove is to mitigate the fatigue cracks
where the face and threads would have otherwise joined
The Bore Back serves the same purpose at the bottom of
the box
Stress relief features should be specified on all BHA
connections NC-38 or larger.
Pin stress relief grooves are not recommended on
connections smaller than NC-38 because they may weaken
the connections tensile and torsional strength.
Bore Back boxes could be used on smaller connections.
The Low-Torque face is to increase the compressive stress
at normal M/U torque above that of a regular face

Lo- Torq Feature

The low torque feature
consists in removing part
of the shoulder area of
the pin and box.
This allows for lower
make up torque
maintaining adequate
shoulder loading.
It is a common feature in
large OD connections.

Torsion limits for DC

Torque is rarely limited by the DC connection
because rotary torque is usually higher in the DP at
surface and lower in the DC at deeper depths.
If DC make-up torque >Dp make-up torque you
have no routine problems.
BH Torque at any point should not exceed 80% of
makeup torque for the connections in the hole to
avoid over tightening connections which can lead
to damage of seals.

Torque Limits for DC

API recommended
makeup torque for
connections is a
percentage of the total
torsional yield of the
connection

Make Up Torque Tables for DCs

Heavy Weight Drill Pipe

Design

Heavier wall and longer tool joints

Center wall pad
Also available in spiral design

Function

Used in transition zones between DC and DP

This prevents the DP from buckling
Can be used in compression (?)
Used for directional drilling
Used in place of DC sometimes (?)
To keep Drill Pipe in tension
Not to be used for Weight on Bit in normal
circumstances

Heavy Weight Drill Pipe

Characteristics
Has the same OD as a standard drill pipe but
with much reduced inside diameter (usually
3 for 5 DP) and has an integral wear pad
upset in the middle.
It is used between standard Drill Pipe and
Drill Collars to provide a smooth transition
between the different sections of the
drillstring components.
Tool-Joint and Rotary shouldered
connection just like DP
HWDP, although stiffer than DP, can also
buckle

Heavy Weight Drill Pipe

HWDP in Compression?
HWDP can be run both in tension and in compression
BUT!!!
Manufacturers recommend not to run HWDP in
compression in hole sizes larger than 12
Experience shows that they should not be run in
compression in Vertical Holes
If run in compression, rules of thumb are:
TJOD + 6 > OH diameter
2 x TJOD > OH diameter

Stabilizers

Stabilizers
Reasons for Using Stabilizers:

1. They are used as a fundamental method of controlling

the directional behavior of most BHAs.
2. Help concentrate the weight of the BHA on the bit.
3. Minimize bending and vibrations which cause tool
joint wear and damage to BHA components such as
MWDs.
4. Reduce drilling torque by preventing collar contact
with the side of the hole and by keeping them
concentric in the hole. (FG!!)
5. Help preventing differential sticking and key seating.

More functions of Stabilisers

- Drill straighter or vertical holes with packed
assembly at suitable WOB
- Improve the probabilities of getting casing in
the hole.
- Increase bit stability and so bit performance

Roller Reamers

 I. Introduction to Drill String Design:

Overview
II. Drill String Components
Drill Collars - Drill Pipe - HWDP

III. Drill String Design

Bottom Hole Assembly Selection
Drill Pipe Selection
Buckling and max WOB

Drill Collar Selection Principles

Drill Collar selection is governed by two major factors:
Weight and Stiffness --- Size!
Usually the largest OD collar that can be safely run is
the best selection
More weight available for WOB
Greatest stiffness to resist buckling and smooth directional
tendencies
Cyclical movement is restricted due to tighter Clearances

Usually Shortest BHA possible to

Reduce handling time at surface

Minimize # of Connections in the hole
Minimize total DC in contact with the wall for differential sticking
exposure

Weight
BHA Weight must be sufficient for the planned
WOB
BHA Weight must be sufficient to account for
Buoyancy
BHA Weight must be sufficient to account for
hole inclination
BHA Weight must be sufficient so that the
neutral point of axial loads is within the BHA
with a safety factor of 15%

BHA Design
Drill Collar Weight & Neutral Point

DF for excess BHA=1.15

Neutral Point (NP) to

tension should be in
drill collars

BHA Design
Procedure For Selecting Drill Collars:
1. Determine the buoyancy factor for the mud
weight in use using the formula below:
where
BF =Buoyancy Factor, dimensionless
MW =Mud weight in use, ppg
65.5 =Weight of a gallon of steel, ppg

BHA Design
2. Calculate the required collar length to achieve the
desired weight on bit:
DC Length = 1.15* WOB / (BF*Wdc)
where:
WOB=Desired weight on bit , lbf (x 1000)
BF =Buoyancy Factor, dimensionless
W dc =Drill collar weight in air, lb/ft
1.15 =15% safety factor.
The 15% safety factor ensures that the neutral point
remains within the collars when unforeseen forces
(bounce, minor deviation and hole friction) are present.

BHA Design
3. For directional wells:
DC Length = DC Length Vertical / Cos I
where: I= Well inclination
Note:
that for horizontal wells drill collars
are not normally used and BHA selection is
based entirely on the prevention of buckling

Stiffness
The BHA must have sufficient Stiffness to
stabilize the BHA, optimize ROP and prevent
the formation of Key Seats, ledges and doglegs
The larger the DC, the stiffer the BHA
Stiffness Coefficient :
= Moment of Inertia x Youngs Modulus of Elasticity
= (OD4 ID4) / 64 x 30.000.000

Bending Strength Ratio

BSR is the relative stiffness of the box to the pin of a given

connection.
Describes the Balance between two members of a connection and
how they are likely to behave in a rotational cyclical environment

Where:

Zbox = box section modulus

Zpin = pin section modulus
D = Outside diameter of pin and box
b = thread root diameter of box
threads at end of pin.
R = Thread root diameter of pin
threads of an inch from shoulder
of pin.
d= inside diameter or bore.

Section Modulus for Connections

BSR in DC Connections
A Connection is said to be
balanced if the BSR is 2.5

When BSR is higher tend to

see pin failures
When BSR is lower tend to
see more box failures

However, field experience

has shown that:

8 Dc having BSRs of 2.5

usually fail in the box
4-3/4 DC having BSR as
low as 1.8 very rarely fail in
the box.

BSR in Connections

Additional BSR Guidelines

High RPM, Soft Formation Small DC (8 in in
12.25 hole or 6 in in 8.25 hole) 2.25-2.75
Low RPM Hard Formations Large DC (10 in in
12-1/4 hole 2.5-3.2 (3.4 if using lo-torq
connection)
Abrasive formations 2.5-3.0
New DCs 2.75 more wear resistant

API BSR Charts

Fortunately for you API
have worked the
problem!!!
Pages 39-44 of Spec 7G
list the BSR of
Connections by OD and
ID of the collar

T.H.Hill BSR Tables

Stiffness Ratio
The SR measures the stiffness of a connection in a transition between 2
types of pipe

Based on field experience, in a

transition from one collar or pipe to
another the SR should not exceed
5.5 for routine drilling
3.5 for severe or rough drilling

Note: Stiffness ratios are calculated using tube ODs & IDs,
not connections.

BHA Design Process

Design the Collars

Max OD DC which can be handled, fished and drilled

with
Excess BHA wt
WOB
Buoyancy
Safety factor

Connection Selection
BSR
SR
Torque capability

Stabilization and other directional requirements

Exercise DP-05
On a land rig we find the following collars:
9 OD x 3 ID 6 5/8 FH connection
8 OD x 3 ID 6 5/8 REG connection
6 OD x 2 ID NC46 connection
Given that we will drill a vertical 12 hole, with 9.5 ppg mud and 65000 pounds in a
relatively hard formations, what API collar would you recommend?
What would your recommendation on BSR be for the connection chosen?
Check your recommended DCs with your recommended BSR.
What would be the SR between the DC and 5 DP be?
Is it acceptable?
If not what would you do?
What would be your final BHA? Length? Buoyed Weight?

 I. Introduction to Drill String Design:

Overview
II. Drill String Components
Drill Collars - Drill Pipe - HWDP

III. Drill String Design

Bottom Hole Assembly Selection
Drill Pipe Selection
Buckling and max WOB

Drill Pipe Selection Principles

Drill Pipe selection is governed by two major factors:
Size+Weight and Strength
Usually the Drill Pipe with largest OD and ID is preferred
Less pressure loss in the string
More hydraulics available at the bit

The Drill Pipe selection must address the following:

Drill Pipe must allow to drill to TD

Drill Pipe must support all weight below it (BHA+DP)
Drill Pipe must provide Over pull capacity
Drill Pipe must withstand slip crushing force
Drill Pipe must resist burst and collapse loads
Drill Pipe might have to work in H2S environment

Axial Loads
Tension Design
The greatest tension
(working load Pw) on
the drill string occurs at
the top joint at the
maximum drilled depth

Drill Pipe Selection Parameters

Tension Design
Total weight, Tsurf, carried
by the top joint of drill pipe
when the drill bit is just off
bottom
Ldp = length of Drill Pipe
Wdp = weight of Drill Pipe
per unit length
Ldc = weight of Drill Collars
Wdc = weight of Drill Collars
per unit length

Drill Pipe Selection Parameters

Tension Design

The drill string is not designed according to the minimum yield strength!!! If

reaches yield:

Drill Pipe can have permanent deformation.

To prevent deformation damage to drill pipe, API recommends the use of

allowable design load ( Pa)

Tmax = 0.9 x Tyield .(2)

Drill Pipe

maximum

Tmax = Max. allowable design load in tension , lb

Tyield = theoretical yield strength from API tables , lb
0.9 = a constant relating proportional limit to yield strength

IPM Defines a tension Design factor of 1.1 be applied to

design loads. These accomplish the same thing.
Do not double dip!

Margin of Over Pull

Margin of over pull is nominally 50Klb-100Klb,
or in the limit of the difference between the
maximum allowable load less the actual load
Choice of MOP should consider
Overall drilling conditions
Hole drag
Likelihood of getting stuck
Slip crushing
Dynamic loading

Drill Pipe Selection Parameters

Margin of Overpull
1. Determine max design load (Tmax) : (maximum load
that drillstring should be designed for)
Tmax = 0.9 x Minimum Yield Strength lb
Class of pipe must be considered

Drill Pipe Selection Parameters

Margin of Overpull
2. Calculate total load at surface using
3. Margin Of Overpull : Minimum tension
force above expected working load to account
for any drag or stuck pipe.

Drill Pipe Selection Parameters

Margin of Overpull
4. The maximum length of Drill Pipe that can
be used is obtained by combining equations 1
and 3 and solving for the length of Drill Pipe

THINK OF STUCK PIPE!!!

When the Drill String is stuck, (and it most
certainly is if there is Overpull !) the buoyancy
is lost!

When the Drill String is stuck, (and it most

certainly is if there is Overpull !) the buoyancy
is lost!

Slip Crushing Force

Slips because of the taper try to crush the Drill
Pipe. This hoop stress is resisted by the tube,
and this increases the overall stress in the
steel

Slip Crushing Force

Generally expressed as a Factor

Drill Pipe Selection Parameters

You can only drill as far as you can set pipe in
the slips.
Different than over pull, this is based on
working loads

Mixed String Design

Step 1

If we use different drill pipe, the weaker pipe goes on

bottom and stronger on top
Apply equation to bottom drill pipe first

Step 2

Drill collars and bottom drillpipe act as the weight

carried by top sectioneffectively the drill collar
Apply the equation for top drill pipe last

Other Loads
Collapse under Tension
Burst
Other loads not covered here
Shock Loads
Bending Loads
Buckling Loads
Torsion
Torsion with Simultaneous Tension

Biaxial Collapse
The DP will collapse if:
External Pressure Load > Collapse pressure rating
A Design factor of 1.15 is used:
External Pressure Load < Collapse rating / 1.15
When the string is in tension, the Collapse rating is
further de-rated:

Biaxial Collapse
Collapse load is worst when For dry test work
where pipe is run in empty

Note the use of the Average Yield Point not

minimum

Biaxial Collapse
For nominal Collapse
Use D/t and correct formula Spec 7G Appendix A 3
Use the results found in Table 3-6 RP-7G
For OD and ID, use Table 1 RP-7G
For Avg Yp Use Table in section 12.8 RP 7G

Burst
Barlows formula applies

Results are found in Spec 7G Table 3,5 & 7

Burst will occur if internal pressure load >
burst rating

Drill String Design Process-2

After the BHA Design is performed:
Slip Crushing forces on DP
Overpull tensile design at surface
Lengths of DP Sections
Burst Design Check
Collapse under tension Design check

Drill String Design Factors

Tension DFt Governs Max allowable tension
on the system DFt is 1.1
Margin of OverPull MOP Desired excess
tensile capacity over an above the hanging
weight of the string at Surface. MOP 50-100K
Excess BHA Wt Dfbha Amount of BHA in
terms of Wt in excess of that used to drill to
assure all Compressive and torsional loads are
kept in the Collars, Dfbha is 1.15

Drill String Design Factors

Torsion No Design Factor Required. Tool Joints are
made up to 60% of Torsional Capacity, and Tool joints
are designed to 80% of the tube Torsion Capacity. Thus
if the design limits to tool joint make-up there is an
adequate design factor built into the system
Collapse DFc Tube is de-rated to account for Biaxial
Tensile reduction and a design factor of is used SLB DFc
is 1.1-1.15
Burst DFb Simple burst is used with no allowance for
axial effects DFB is 1.0
Buckling DFB In Highly deviated wells it is possible to
use DP in compression, provided it is not buckled.

Buoyancy
Buoyancy is the weight of the displaced fluid
Buoyancy is usually accounted for via BF
Buoyancy is creating a hydrostatic effect: the
Pressure-Area Force
The forces acting on a drillstring are the selfweight and the hydrostatic pressure of the drilling
fluid
Buoyancy is creating a force acting at the bottom
of the drill string and placing the lower portion of
the drill string in compression and reducing the
hook load by HP x CSA

Bending & Buckling

A tube subjected to a load will
bend
Bent is a condition in which the
bending increases proportionally
with load
When a little increase in load will
result in large displacements, the
tube is said to be buckling
The tube may not necessarily be
yielded as buckling does not
necessarily occurs plastically
The load which produces buckling
is called the Critical Buckling Load

Neutral Points
Neutral Point of Tension & Compression:
The point within a tube where the sum of the
axial forces are equal to zero
Neutral Point of Bending:
The point within a tube where the sum of
moments are equal to zero
The point within a tube where the average of
the radial and tangential stress in the tube
equals the axial stress
The point within a tube where the buoyed
weight of the tube hanging below that point
is equal to an applied force at its bottom end

Forces in the Drill String

Neutral Point of Bending occurs where the effective hydrostatic force
equals the compressive force in the drillstring.

Buckling
Neutral point of bending is H = WOB / buoyed weight per foot of
string
In vertical wells, buckling will occur only below the neutral
point of bending, hence the necessity to keep the buoyed
weight of the BHA exceeding the WOB.
In deviated wells, buckling will not only occur below the
neutral point of bending but also above the neutral point of
bending when the compressive force in the drillstring exceeds
a critical load.

Drill string Design

Now you should be able to describe:

Functions of Drill Pipe , Drill Collars and BHA selection

Grades of Drill Pipe and strength properties
Thread types and tool joints
Drill collar weight and neutral point
Bending Stress Ratios and Stiffness Ratios
Margin of overpull Slip crushing force
Basic design calculations based on depth to be drilled.
Functions of stabilizers and roller reamers
Critical Buckling force and Neutral Point of Bending

References
API RP 7G Drill Stem Design and Op Limits
API SPEC 7 Specifications for Rotary Drilling
Elements
API SPEC 5D Specifications for Drill Pipe
SLB Drill String Design manual
TH Hill DS-1 Drill String Design