Mail Migration To Office 365 - Factors That Impact Mail Migration Performance - Part 2#4

Page 1 of 16 | Mail migration to Office 365| Factors that impact mail Migration throughput
| Part 2/4
Mail migration to Office 365 | Factors

that impact mail Migration performance
| Part 2/4
When we implement a project of mail migration to the cloud (Exchange Online), one
of the most important measurement values that we use is the throughput value
of the mail migration. In simple words, we want and need to know, how much time
it will take us to copy data (mailbox content) from the organization to the cloud
(Exchange Online).
This value is important to us because based on this value, we can provide an
estimation for How long it will take to finish the project, what are the costs that
involved in the project (a longer project will cost more than shorter time project)
and so on. However, before we can provide the required estimation, we need a
throttling policy\Throttling mechanism to know what are the entity or the factors
that are involved in the mail migration process and how these factors impact the
mail migration process.
Written by Eyal Doron | o365info.com | Copyright 2012-2015
| Part 2/4
Note In the next article (Office 365 mail migration | Optimizing the throughput |
Part 3/4) of this series, we will review these factors and the options that are
available for use for improving and optimize these factors.
Mail migration to Office 365 | Optimizing the Mail Migration

throughput | The article series
The article series includes the following articles:
Mail migration to Office 365 | Mail Migration methods | Part 1/4

Mail migration to Office 365 | Factors that impact mail Migration performance
| Part 2/4
Mail migration to Office 365 | Optimizing the Mail Migration throughput |
Part 3/4
Mail Migration to Office 365 | Measure and estimate Mail Migration
throughputs | Part 4/4
General mail migration questions

Before we begin, I would like to ask two questions (that will be answered in the
current article and in the next articles in this series).
Q1: Is there any kind of a formal answer about a fixed number that we can use
when we need to estimate the throughput of mail migration (the transfer rate of
data)?
A1: Yes, it is true that there is not much information on the subject but, there is a
Microsoft official article that provides numbers and estimation for a mail
migration throughput.
Q2: Why do we need to use an estimation or average range of values for the
mail migration throughput? Why cant we use a simple a mathematical formula for
calculating the required time for transfer information from point A to point B?
A2: The answer is that when we migrate a mailbox from point A to point B, there
are many components that are involved in the process. Each of these components
has a specific character that impact the result of the mail migration throughput.
| Part 2/4
When we want to migrate the content of a users mailbox to the cloud (Point B), we
need to get through many elements. Each of these elements has the ability to
hold the process or just let the data get through.
Each of the elements or the factor has resources limitations that affect the
performance. For example, in case that the element is the local Exchange OnPremise server, the mail migration throughput is depended or based on the
Exchange On-Premise server resources such as: CPU, RAM, Hard disk and so on.
Additional factors are the type of the mail migration that we use, limitation of the
communications line, Throttling policy, the size of the mailbox, the number of mail
items and much more.
Factors that impact mail migration throughput

In the following section, we will review some of the factors that impact the
throughputs (transfer rate) of the mail migration. Additional and important
information about the performance factors that is not included in the current
articles appears in the article: Exchange Online Migration Performance and Best
Practices
| Part 2/4
Network infrastructure
1. Communication line
One of the most important factors that relate directly to the result of the mail
migration transfer rate is obvious, the existing communication line.
1.1 The speed (The bandwidth) of the organizational communication line
Regarding the rate or the speed of the communication line, dont forget that many
times the communication line technology is providing different transfer rate for
upload verses download (asynchronies). When we migrate existing mail
infrastructure to the cloud, the operation is considered as upload (moving data
from the local network to the public network) and many times, the transfer rate for
upload is slower or less than the download rate.
1.2 The free or available percentage of the organization communication line
A very important factor is the load that exists on the communication line or the
| Part 2/4
free percentage bandwidth of the communication line. For example, its not
enough to say that the existing communication line bandwidth is 20 MB, but
instead, the real question is how many percentages of the bandwidth are free or
available for the task of the mail migration project.
1.3 Working hours and weekends
The additional element that affects the communication line free or available
bandwidth is the factor of working hours and weekends. The basic assumption is
that during the working hours, the amount of the free or available bandwidth of
the communication line, is lower than the rate that we can get after the working
hours and especially at weekends.
2. Geographic location of the organizations network
Office 365 data centers and mail infrastructure are physically located in different
geographical location worldwide. There are three main points in which Office 365
Data centers are located.
Here is a quotation from an article that I have found:
The way Ive always answered this question is that Microsoft divides the world into
three regions: North & South America, Europe & Africa, and Asia & Australia. We
have an undisclosed number of datacenters in each of those regions, and we select
a primary datacenter within the region where the organizations headquarters
address is located
[Source of information: Where is my Office 365 data located? ]
The additional important question that we can ask is: in case that our organization
has multiple sites that are located worldwide, can we assume that each location is
configured to access the nearest Office 365 data center?
The answer is: No. All the organizational resources such as users mailboxes will
be located in one data center and will not be distributed between the various
Office 365 data centers worldwide.
Microsoft has a regionalized data center strategy. The customers country or region,
which the customers administrator inputs during the initial setup of the services,
determines the primary storage location for that customers data.
| Part 2/4
For specific details about where are the Office 365 data center geographically
located, you can read more information in the article: Where is my data?
The point of this information is that- there is an impact from the geographic
distance between the organizations network and the Exchange Online data
center.
(I will provide more information about how to check the quality of the
communication and provide a recommendation in the last article of this
serious Office 365 mail migration | Optimizing the throughput | Part 3/4)
3. Network devices
Network devices such as a Firewall or Proxy servers can impact the results of the
throughput (data transfer rate) in a couple of ways:
The load factor- The load or the performance of these devices: for example, in
case that the existing Firewall or Proxy server has very high utilization, this could
lead to a reduction of the mail migration throughput.
Number of session restrictions- Another factor could be: the feature of Firewall
and especially Proxy server that limits or restricts the number of sessions in the
communication process.
For example: the process of mail migration could create tens or hundreds of
sessions, between the Exchange on-Premises server and Exchange Online. In case
that the Firewall or the Proxy server is configured with a maximum number of
sessions value, and the mail migration process reaches this limit, the throughput of
the mail migration is reduced.
Exchange On-Premise infrastructure

1. Data source (Exchange Server) Performance of the local Exchange
On-Premise servers.
Mail migration is based on the concept in which the mailbox data is copied or
moved to the cloud (Exchange Online). In a scenario of multiple mailboxes, the
amount of the data that is transferred can easily become huge and the operation of
accessing to each of the mail server mailboxes and copy the data creates a
considerable load on the Exchange on-Premises server.
| Part 2/4
In a scenario of Hybrid configuration, the server load could impact the Exchange
on-Premises server mailbox server who hosts the users mailboxes or to the
Exchange on-Premises server hybrid server, which serve as a router between the
internal Exchange on-Premises servers and the cloud.
2. Exchange sites
Mid and large organization, will usually have more than one Exchange site. The
subject of Exchange sites can impact the data transfer rate of the mail migration
from two perspectives:
The geographic location of the Exchange site versus the geographic location
of the Exchange Online data center. In case that the Exchange site is closer
to the Exchange Online data center, we would probably have better results.
Performing mail migration by using multiple Exchange sites
In case that the mail migration is performed from multiple Exchange sites, we
| Part 2/4
can migrate more mailboxes in a specific time window and the result of the
mail migration throughput is significantly improved.
3. Hybrid migration & MRSProxy

When using the option of Hybrid migration, the Exchange on-Premises server
component that is responsible for implementing and managing the move mailbox
operations is the MRSProxy.
The task of moving mailbox from source server to the destination server described
as: MRSProxy connections.
| Part 2/4
In Exchange on-Premises server, the default value for the MRSProxy for the
maximum number of connections is 100.
In case that we want to increase this value, we can change the default value by
using a PowerShell command (we will review the exact syntax in the Office 365 mail
migration | Optimizing the throughput | Part 3/4)
4. Exchange Mailbox charters
Most of the time, when we mention the term mailbox, we use this term in general.
In the reality, the term mailbox is used for describing many different types of
mailboxes such as:
Small-sized mailbox with a small amount of mail items

Average mailbox with the average number of mail items
Small-sized mail box with a large number of mail items
Large-sized mailbox that usually characterizes as a mailbox with large-size +
large amount of mail items.
So what is my point?
My point is that most of the time we relate only to the mailbox size and we
understand that logically, it will take more time to migrate Large-sized mailbox
versus a Small-sized mailbox.
An important factor that is not mentioned most of the time that has a tremendous
impact on the mail migration throughput is: the number of mail items that exists in
the user mailbox.
Common migration performance factors
One 4GB mailbox with 400 items, each with 10 megabytes (MB) of attachments, will
migrate faster than one 4-GB mailbox with 100,000 smaller items.
[Data source: Exchange Online Migration Performance and Best Practices]
Number of mail items and third party mail migration tools
In the article: Exchange Online Migration Performance and Best Practices, We can
find a data table that focuses on the mail migration throughput results in a scenario
Page 10 of 16 | Mail migration to Office 365| Factors that impact mail Migration
throughput | Part 2/4
on a mailbox with an average amount of mail items versus a mailbox with a lot or
above average of mail items when using an RPC mail migration.
The little catch is that the data table relates to a result of mail migration that was
created when using a third party mail migration tools.
(I must admit that Im wondering why the article includes information about third
party mail migration tools and doesnt include a related information to the Office
365 built-in migration options)
Although the table compares the migration throughput in a scenario of third party
mail migration products think that we can use the information as a derivative for all
of Office 365 mail migration options such as: Cutover and Stage migration because,
these methods are also based on an RPC connection that is created between the
Exchange on-Premises server and the Exchange Online server.
So what is the data telling us?
If we take a closer look at the data that appear in the table, we can observe very
inserting issue: when we migrate an Exchange mailbox (small size mailbox in our
scenario) that have multiple numbers of mail items the process will create a huge
amount of RPC transactions.
To emphasize the conclusion form the data that appear in the table, I have created
the following diagram.
In this scenario, we can see information about the mail migration throughput for
two mailboxes.
One mailbox is quite small (size of 249 MB), and the other mailbox is larger (377
MB). The interesting fact is that the time that we need to move the smaller
mailbox is significantly longer (11~ hours for the smaller mailbox verse 4.5~ hours
for the larger mailbox).
The answer for this strange result is that the smaller mailbox, includes 13,000~
mail items versus the larger mailbox that includes 4,100~ mail items.
The conclusion is that the factor of the number of mail items in a mailbox, has a
huge impact of the mail migration throughput.
5. Exchange on-Premises server throttling policy
Additional factor that we can relate to is: the Exchange on-Premises throttling
policy. In case that there is an implementation of: Exchange on-Premises throttling
policy, the throttling policy could impact the performance of the mail migration
process.
You can read additional information in the following articles:
Throttling Policy Associations in Exchange 2010 SP1

Exchange Online Throttling and Limits FAQ
Office 365\Exchange Online factors

1. Throttling policy\Throttling mechanism
The term Throttling policy is a term that describes a similar concept as the term
QOS (Quality Of Service). A Throttling policy is basically a predefined restriction or a
limitation which is enforced by the administrator on a specific system.
For example: in the Exchange server environment, we can use Throttling policy for:
limiting the number of concurrent PowerShell remote sessions, the maximum
amount of data that can be accepted or sent and so on.
The question that relates to our scenario of mail migration to Office 365 is:
Does Office 365 use Throttling policy that restricts the amount of data that can be
transferred from the on-Premises mail server to Exchange Online?
And the answer is Yes and No.
In Office 365, there is an implementation of three types of throttling policy that
relates to mail migrations:
Office 365 migration-service throttling

Office 365 user throttling
Resource health-base throttling
Office 365 migration-service throttling
The migration-service throttling define the maximum number of concurrent
mailbox move to the Exchange Online server.
For example:
The default value for concurrent mailboxes moves when using Cutover, Stage
or Hybrid migration is 20.
The default value for concurrent mailboxes moves when using IMAP migration
is 4.
Q1: can I change this default value?
A1: Yes, very easily from the GUI interface or by using a PowerShell command.
Q2: can I assume that the obvious conclusion is: if I double the default value from
20 concurrent moves to 40 concurrent moves, I will double the mail migration
throughput?
A1: In theory the answer is: yes.
We use the term In theory, because when we increase the number of maximum
mailbox move on the Exchange Online server side (and in the Exchange onPremises server side), the results could be: overwhelming of the Exchange on-
Premises server because, the task of move mailbox is consuming resources from
the server who deliver the mailboxes (Exchange on-Premises server) and the
server who accept the mailboxes (Exchange Online).
My point is that we can assume that Exchange Online has an unlimited amount of
resources, but we cannot apply the same conclusion to the Exchange on-Premises
server because the basic assumption is that the Exchange on-Premises server
has limited hardware resources.
Office 365 user throttling
The term user throttling describe an Office 365 Throttling policy, which is
implemented or enforced in two scenarios:
Scenario 1: when using the option of PST Migration
Scenario 2: when using Third party MAPI Migration (client-uploading migration
method. That is implemented by using RPC over HTTPS).
Q1: What is the reason for using the user throttling policy?
A1: I could not find a formal answer for this question, but I can assume that the
reason for implementing the user throttling policy when using PST migration (clientuploading migration) is that this type of migration, is not very effective and cause a
high load on the side that export the data (The client side) and the side the
accept the data (Exchange Online).
The Office 365 user throttling policy was designed for protecting the Exchange
Online from a scenario in which we implement tens or hundreds of PST migration
and by doing so, overwhelming the Exchange Online servers.
User throttling affects most third-party migration tools and the client-uploading
migration method. These migration methods use client access protocols, such as
RPC over HTTP, to migrate mailbox data to Exchange Online mailboxes. These tools
are usually used to migrate data from platforms such as IBM Lotus Domino and
Novell GroupWise.
User throttling is the most restrictive throttling method in Office 365. Because user
throttling is set up to work against an individual end user, any application-level
usage will easily exceed the throttling policy and result in slower data migration.
Resource health-base throttling

The Resource health-base throttling was created to protect the health of the
Exchange Online server in special scenarios. The use of the Resource health-base
throttling will be implanted only on special occasions, when the monitoring system
identifies a special load or specific problem that relates to the Exchange Online
server infrastructure.
All migration methods are subject to the governance of availability throttling, but
Office 365 service throttling doesnt affect Office 365 migrations as much as the
other types of throttling described in the previous sections.
Resource health-based throttling is the least aggressive throttling method and
occurs only when there is a service availability issue that affects end users and
critical service operations.
Summary
The following screenshot was taken from the Microsoft article: Exchange Online
Migration Performance and Best Practices
The table describes the matrix of the Office 365 Throttling policies and in which of
the migration scenario a specific Throttling policy is implemented.
In the following diagram, we can see a different representation of the information

that appears in the table: we can see that the Resource health-base throttling is
implemented for all the mail migration types without exception.
When server to server migration such as: Stage or Cutover migration, the Office
365 migration-service throttling is used to define a maximum number of concurrent
mailbox move.
Additional reading
Exchange Online Migration Performance and Best Practices

Exchange Online Throttling and Limits FAQ
EWS throttling in Exchange

Mail Migration To Office 365 - Factors That Impact Mail Migration Performance - Part 2#4

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Page 1 of 16 | Mail migration to Office 365| Factors that impact mail Migration throughput

Mail migration to Office 365 | Factors

Written by Eyal Doron | o365info.com | Copyright 2012-2015

Mail migration to Office 365 | Optimizing the Mail Migration

The article series includes the following articles:

Mail migration to Office 365 | Mail Migration methods | Part 1/4

General mail migration questions

Written by Eyal Doron | o365info.com | Copyright 2012-2015

Factors that impact mail migration throughput

Written by Eyal Doron | o365info.com | Copyright 2012-2015

Written by Eyal Doron | o365info.com | Copyright 2012-2015

Exchange On-Premise infrastructure

Written by Eyal Doron | o365info.com | Copyright 2012-2015

Written by Eyal Doron | o365info.com | Copyright 2012-2015

3. Hybrid migration & MRSProxy

Written by Eyal Doron | o365info.com | Copyright 2012-2015

Small-sized mailbox with a small amount of mail items

Written by Eyal Doron | o365info.com | Copyright 2012-2015

Written by Eyal Doron | o365info.com | Copyright 2012-2015

Throttling Policy Associations in Exchange 2010 SP1

Office 365\Exchange Online factors

Written by Eyal Doron | o365info.com | Copyright 2012-2015

Office 365 migration-service throttling

Written by Eyal Doron | o365info.com | Copyright 2012-2015

Written by Eyal Doron | o365info.com | Copyright 2012-2015

Resource health-base throttling

Written by Eyal Doron | o365info.com | Copyright 2012-2015

In the following diagram, we can see a different representation of the information

Written by Eyal Doron | o365info.com | Copyright 2012-2015

Exchange Online Migration Performance and Best Practices

Written by Eyal Doron | o365info.com | Copyright 2012-2015

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