Name of Sewage Treatment Plant: - Ichalkaranji Sewage Treatment Plant(STP)

Location of STP: - Ichalkaranji, Maharashtra.

This plant is located near Sharad Institute of Technology, Sangli Naka, Ichalkaranji.

Purpose of visit: - To learn how the waste water treatment plant works, which are the parts of
this system. To learn various things related to waste water treatment plant. Visit is important for
understanding different terms related to waste water treatment plant. So that we visited to this waste
water treatment plant which is located at Ichalkaranji, Maharashtra.

Guide for visit:- Prof. Y.M. Patil And Mr.V.K.Uthale

Class:- T.Y.B.Tech CIVIL
Date:- 17-04-2015
Capacity:- Total Capacity of sewage treatment plant is 20 MLD
General site conditions:
Ichalkaranji with a population of 2.87 lakh as per Census 2011) is an industrial city
located in Kolhapur district. Most of the textile industries in the city discharge their
industrial effluent into nallah without treatment. These nallahs meet Panchganga
and Krishna River which are the source of drinking water for the city. Owing to
untreated wastewater discharge from Ichalkaranji and upstream cities as well as
industrial effluent discharge, pollution of water sources in the city is a key problem.
Ichalkaranji also faced a Hepatitis outbreak in 2012 which claimed several lives and
the City Administration has been taken to court for this. After this incident, the city
installed a CETP for 12 MLD near the textile cluster but there are still several small
scale textile industries scattered across the city which are not treating their
effluents.

Treatment units:This treatement plant contain following units

1. Pretreatment- Screening, Grit chamber etc.
2. Primary treatment- primary sedimentation tank
3. Secondary treatment- Secondary sedimentation tank, Extended aeration
4. tertiary treatment- disinfectant, Sludge treatment and disposal

Pretreatment
Pretreatment removes all materials that can be easily collected from the raw sewage before they
damage or clog the pumps and sewage lines of primary treatment bar screen. Objects that are
commonly removed during pretreatment include trash, tree limbs, leaves, branches, and other
large objects.
The influent in sewage water passes through a bar screen to remove all large objects like cans,
rags, sticks, plastic packets etc. carried in the sewage stream. This is most commonly done with
an automated mechanically raked bar screen in modern plants serving large populations, while in
smaller or less modern plants, a manually cleaned screen may be used. The raking action of a
mechanical bar screen is typically paced according to the accumulation on the bar screens and/or
flow rate. The solids are collected and later disposed in a landfill, or incinerated. Bar screens or
mesh screens of varying sizes may be used to optimize solids removal. If gross solids are not
removed, they become entrained in pipes and moving parts of the treatment plant, and can cause
substantial damage and inefficiency in the process
Velocity

The velocity of flow ahead of and through the screen varies and affects its operation. The lower
the velocity through the screen, the greater is the amount of screenings that would be removed
from sewage. However, the lower the velocity, the greater would be the amount of solids
deposited in the channel. Hence, the design velocity should be such as to permit 100% removal
of material of certain size without undue depositions. Velocities of 0.6 to 1.2 mps through the
open area for the peak flows have been used satisfactorily. Further, the velocity at low flows in
the approach channel should not be less than 0.3 mps to avoid deposition of solids.
Grit removal

Pretreatment may include a sand or grit channel or chamber, where the velocity of the incoming
sewage is adjusted to allow the settlement of sand, grit, stones, and broken glass. These particles
are removed because they may damage pumps and other equipment. For small sanitary sewer
systems, the grit chambers may not be necessary, but grit removal is desirable at larger plants.
Primary treatment

In the primary sedimentation stage, sewage flows through large tanks, commonly called "presettling basins", "primary sedimentation tanks" or "primary clarifiers". The tanks are used to
settle sludge while grease and oils rise to the surface and are skimmed off. Primary settling tanks
are usually equipped with mechanically driven scrapers that continually drive the collected
sludge towards a hopper in the base of the tank where it is pumped to sludge treatment facilities.
Grease and oil from the floating material can sometimes be recovered for saponification (soap
making).
Secondary treatment

Secondary treatment is designed to substantially degrade the biological content of the sewage
which are derived from human waste, food waste, soaps and detergent. The majority of
municipal plants treat the settled sewage liquor using aerobic biological processes. To be
effective, the biota require both oxygen and food to live. The bacteria and protozoa consume
biodegradable soluble organic contaminants (e.g. sugars, fats, organic short-chain carbon
molecules, etc.) and bind much of the less soluble fractions into floc. Secondary treatment
systems are classified as fixed-film or suspended-growth systems.
Extended aeration tank :It is the process of bringing water in intimate contact with air there by the water absorbs oxygen from
air. At visited site aeration tank is type of extended aeration tank. This tank increases time of aeration.
So that water get more time to for consumption of oxygen. At visited site, there are 4 different tank.
But it acts as one unit. Total Capacity of that tanks are 12 million liters. In that tanks some of the tank
work in clockwise manner and some of the tank work in anticlockwise manner. Every day 20MLD
waste water aeriated in that aeration tank. This tank connected to clarifier i.e. sedimentation tank.
Secondary settling tank :Sedimentation in a municipal wastewater treatment plant is generally plain sedimentation without the
use of chemicals. In treating certain industrial wastes chemically aided sedimentation may be
involved. In either case, it constitutes flocculent settling, and the particles do not remain discrete as in
the case of grit, but tend to agglomerate or coagulate during settling. Thus, their diameter keeps
increasing and settlement proceeds at an over increasing velocity. Consequently, they trace a curved
profile. In this tank impurity like sludge settles down to the sedimentation tank. Due this process
water quality increases.

This tank is connected to chlorine circulation tank. This tank is connected to sewer or gutter which
meets to the stream or river. Water comes from treatment plant is less polluted. So that pollution of
river or stream is decreases.
Sludge which is settled down in the sedimentation tank is transferred to the sludge thickening tank.
After that sludge is followed to the sludge drying bed. After that sludge is used to land filling or other
purpose.

Some secondary treatment methods include a secondary clarifier to settle out and separate
biological floc or filter material grown in the secondary treatment bioreactor

Disinfectant
Chlorination remains the most common form of waste water disinfection in North America due
to its low cost and long-term history of effectiveness. One disadvantage is that chlorination of
residual organic material can generate chlorinated-organic compounds that may be carcinogenic
or harmful to the environment. Residual chlorine or chloramines may also be capable of
chlorinating organic material in the natural aquatic environment. Further, because residual

chlorine is toxic to aquatic species, the treated effluent must also be chemically dechlorinated,
adding to the complexity and cost of treatment.

Sludge treatment and disposal

The sludges accumulated in a wastewater treatment process must be treated and disposed of in a
safe and effective manner. The purpose of digestion is to reduce the amount of organic matter
and the number of disease-causing microorganisms present in the solids. The most common
treatment options include anaerobic digestion, aerobic digestion, and composting. Incineration is
also used, albeit to a much lesser degree.
The sludge produced after treatment on waste is passed to disaster. In witch this sludge is
dried on land with help of sun radiations. After drying of sludge this is used for land filling
purpose.

Outcome of visit:In this visit we learn many different things. How the sewerage system work, how the pumping
system works, what are the different part of the sewage treatment plant, how they works, this things
are cleared due to this visit. Total working of sewage treatment plant we learned at the time of visit.

Photo no.1- Layout of sewerage system and STP

screen

Photo no.2 Bar

Photo no.3- Grit chamber

Photo no.5- Grit Chamber

Photo no.4- Screening

Photo no. 6- Grit chamber

Extended aeration tank

Photo no.8- Secondary settling tank

Photo no. 7