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SLIDE-WAY CROSS-SECTION
Cross-section of a machine tool slide-way. The width, depth, angles, and other
dimensions must be produced and measured accurately for the machine tool to
function as expected.
What is Metrology?
Science of measurement.
CALIPER AND
VERNIER
42
27
= (1/50) mm
= 0.02 mm
(c)
1.
2.
3.
ANGLE-MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
(a) Schematic
illustration of a bevel
protractor for
measuring angles. (b)
Vernier for angular
measurement,
indicating 14 30.
DIAL INDICATORS
Different applications of a Dial Indicator (a) Multi dimensions measurement, (b) Depth
Measurement, Roundness measurement.
GAGES
MASS PRODUCTION: THOUSANDS OF PARTS ARE MEASURED EVERYDAY FOR REJECTION / ACCEPTANCE OF PARTS.
NOT FEASIBLE TO MEASURE DIMENSIONS SAY, (14 +0.03) AND (14-0.03) MM.
USE TWO (GO AND NO GO) GAUGES. INSPECTION BECOMES VERY FAST.
ELECTRONIC GAGES
An electronic
vertical length
mesauring
instrument,
with a
sensitivity of 1
m.
Courtesy of TESA SA.
MEASURING ROUNDNESS
10
MEASURING PROFILES
Measuring profiles with (a) radius gages
and (b) dial indicators.
11
12
TOLERANCE CONTROL
Basic size, deviation, and tolerance
on a shaft AND A HOLE, according to
the ISO system.
BASIC SIZE: The Size With Reference
To Which The Limits Of Size Are Fixed.
LOWER DEVIATION: THe Algebraic Difference Between The Minimum Limit Of Size And The Corresponding
Basic Size. It Is A Positive Quantity When The Minimum Limit Of Size Is Greater Than The Basic Size And A
Negative Quantity When The Minimum Limit Of Size Is Less Than The Basic Size. It Is Designated By EI For A
Hole And ei For A Shaft.
Various methods of assigning tolerances on a shaft. Source: L. E. Doyle.
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TRANSITION FIT
TRANSITION FIT
Angle
Comparative length
Straightness
Flatness
Roundness
Profile
GO-NOT GO
Microscopes
Instrument
Steel rule
Vernier caliper
Micrometer, with vernier
Diffraction grating
Bevel protractor, with vernier
Sine bar
Dial indicator
Electronic gage
Gage blocks
Autocollimator
Transit
Laser beam
Interferometry
Dial indicator Circular tracing
Radius or fillet gage
Dial indicator
Optical comparator
Coordinate measuring machines
Plug gage
Ring gage
Snap gage
Toolmakers
Light section
Scanning electron
Laser scan
in.
0.5 mm
25
2.5
1
5 min
1/64 in.
1000
100
40
1
0.1
0.05
2.5
0.2 mm/m
2.5
0.03
0.03
40
4
2
100
0.002 in./ft
100
1
1
1
125
0.25
40
5000
10
2.5
1
0.001
0.1
100
40
0.04
5
15
THANK YOU
16
SUPPLIMENTARY MATERIAL
17
CALIPER AND
VERNIER
the 1-in. distance on the upper scale is divided into 20 segments, we have passed a distance of
0.050 in (=1/20).
(e) Finally note that the marks on the two scales coincide at the number 29. Each of the 50 graduations on the lower
scale indicates 0.001 in. (Given in this case but you should know how to get it), so we also have 0.029 in
(29x0.001).
(f) Thus, the total dimension is 1.000 in. + 0.050 in. + 0.029 in. = 1.079 in.
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COORDINATE MEASURING
MACHINE
Figure 35.16 (a) Schematic illustration of one type of coordinate measuring machine. (b)
Components of another type of coordinate measuring machine. These machines are available in
various sizes and levels of automation and with a variety of probes (attached to the probe
adapter), and are capable of measuring several features of a part. Source: Mitutoyo Corp.
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COORDINATE MEASURING
MACHINE
Figure 35.17 A coordinate
measuring machine. Brown &
Sharpe Manufacturing.
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