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Crusoe Osagie
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The refined carbohydrates in white bread trigger a hormonal response in the body to reduce blood sugar
levels, which may also cause depression in post-menopausal women Photo: Alamy
By Agency
9:14AM BST 07 Aug 2015
White bread and rice could increase the risk of depression in older women, suggests new
research.But whole grain foods, roughage and vegetables could cut it.Hormone changes
prompted by refined foods may reduce blood sugar levels and prompt symptoms of depression,
according to the study.The findings, published in journal The American Journal of Clinical
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Nutrition, could pave the wave for depression being treated and prevented using nutrition.
Around three in every 100 people in the UK suffer from depression.
In a study that included data from more than 70,000 post-menopausal women, scientists found a
link between refined carbohydrate consumption and depression.When people consume
carbohydrates their blood sugar levels rise to varying degrees.The glycemic index (GI) scale, of
1-100, measures the amount of sugar found in the blood after eating. The more highly refined the
carbohydrate, the higher its score on the GI scale.Refined foods such as white bread and white
rice trigger a hormonal response in the body to reduce blood sugar levels. The response may also
cause or exacerbate mood changes, fatigue and other symptoms of depression.
A clear link between high GI scores and consumption of added sugars and refined grains were
associated with increased risk of depression in the women.Meanwhile, diets packed with dietary
fiber, whole grains, and vegetables led to a decreased risk.The researchers said further study is
needed to examine the potential of this novel option for treatment and prevention, and to see if
similar results are found in the broader population.Study author Dr James Gangwisch, of
Columbia University, said: "This suggests that dietary interventions could serve as treatments
and preventive measures for depression."Further study is needed to examine the potential of this
novel option for treatment and prevention, and to see if similar results are found in the broader
population."
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/news/11789103/White-bread-could-lead-to-depression-researchfinds.html
The Union of Small and Medium Enterprises (UNISAME) intends to present a road
map to the government for the uplift of the micro, small to medium sized
entrepreneurs and present a 13 points doable agenda at the 9th SME Conference
2015 to be held on 25th August 2015 at a local hotel in Lahore .President UNISAME
Zulfikar Thaver appreciated the efforts of Menin Rodrigues chairman Shamrock
Conferences and his team for giving the stakeholders an opportunity to highlight the
real issues of the SME sector every year for the last 9 years. This confere nce is all
the more meaningful as the planning ministry is revisiting the SME Policy 2007 and
working on Vision 2025.He elaborated that as key note speaker at the forum he
would advocate the cause of the SMEs.
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In total, the case is isolated and no other cases have been reported elsewhere except for Davao,
Presidential Assistant for Food Security and Agricultural Modernization Francis N. Pangilinan
told reporters in Filipino during a press briefing in Quezon City. It wasnt fake rice; it was
contaminated.Jocelyn M. Sales, NFA Food Development Center director, said the rice samples
from Davao City were positive for dibutyl phthalate (DBP), a plasticizer or a chemical
compound used in making flexible plastics.
DBP is not a component of cooked rice sample, but an external contaminant due to food
mishandling, she said in the same press briefing.The 25-gram rice sample did not contain any
material of plastic origin, she further explained.Starch component of the allegedly fake rice
samples were similar to rice, Ms. Sales said.The series of freezing, thawing and heating of the
sample rice resulted in retrogradation.When frozen, cooked rice was removed from the
refrigerator until it was transferred inside the chiller of the refrigerator. [Then] the large ice
crystals thawed, leaving a styrofoam-like structure, she said. When the thawed previously
frozen cooked rice was squeezed with hand, water oozed out.The earlier conclusion that the
fake rice was an isolated case was based only from the governments qualitative analysis.
The government further conducted scientific or laboratory tests undertaken by the Food
Development Center, Philippine Rice Research Institute, International Rice Research Institute,
Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, and Food and Drug Administration.The samples were
positive for rice DNA, according to the DNA analysis conducted by the Philippine Rice
Research Institute.In a statement on Thursday, the NFA said it responded to over a hundred
reports and complaints about suspected fake rice, but none of the samples tested proved positive
of any contamination.Ms. Sales said the public should avoid placing hot food in plastic
containers because its not safe.Meanwhile, NFA Administrator Renan B. Dalisay said it has
enough rice stocks for the lean months, July to September.The NFA is ready to quickly
respond to any emergency need for rice during this traditionally calamity-prone months, he
said. -- Kathryn Mae P. Tubadeza
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Product
Price
5875
5125
4125
2994
2589
2381
803
690
623
Apricots
Sultanas
White Sugar
Source:agra-net
Market Watch
Commodity-wise, Market-wise Daily Price on 06-08-2015
Domestic Prices
Product
Daily Global
Market Center
Variety
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Min Price
Max Price
Rice
1
Jhagadiya (Gujarat)
Other
1900
3050
Cachar (Assam)
Other
2000
2500
Bonai (Orissa)
Other
2200
2400
Amod (Gujarat)
Other
1600
1800
Dhing (Assam)
Other
1500
1700
Manvi (Karnataka)
Other
1550
1559
Sirhind (Punjab)
Other
2000
4000
Haldwani (Uttrakhand
Other
1500
2500
Other
1600
1800
Aroor (Kerala)
Other
2400
2700
Bolangir (Orissa)
Other
1800
2000
Shillong (Meghalaya)
Other
1500
2000
Wheat
Mango
Brinjal
Source:agra-net
Egg
Rs per 100 No
Price on 06-08-2015
Product
Market Center
Price
Pune
343
Chittoor
358
Hyderabad
324
Source: e2necc.com
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Product
Market Center
Origin
Variety
Low
High
Onions Dry
Package: 50 lb sacks
Atlanta
Colorado
Yellow
25
26
Dallas
Texas
Yellow
20
20
Detroit
Washington
Yellow
19
22
Cucumbers
Package: 50 lb cartons
Atlanta
Virginia
13
13.50
Detroit
Michigan
10
13.50
Miami
Canada
13
15
Apples
Atlanta
Washington
Red Delicious
23
24
Detroit
Washington
Red Delicious
22
24.50
Miami
Washington
Red Delicious
18
20
Source:USDA
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The government has removed quantitative cap on the export of organic edible oil and overseas
shipment of rice bran oil in bulk, giving a major boost to small rice millers across the country.
Export of rice bran oil in bulk has been exempted from the prohibition on export of edible oils.
Also, the quantity ceiling on export of organic edible oils has been removed, the Directorate
General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) said in a fresh notification.
https://www.thedollarbusiness.com/govt-eases-export-restrictions-on-organic-edible-oil-rice-bran-oil/
One of the goals of rice processing is to avoid overmilling of rice by carefully controlling the
degree of milling and thus maximizing milled rice yield and head rice yield.Monitoring lot-to-lot
variability and adjusting milling parameters is one strategy for reducing variability in degree of
milling among lots. Size-grading techniques, such as thickness grading, could also reduce
milling variability.
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Researchers from the University of Arkansas Rice Processing Program in Fayetteville, Arkansas,
U.S., examined whether thickness grading could concentrate and partition chalky and fissured
kernels to secondary processing streams in order to improve milling yields of the primary
processing stream. Research was conducted by Brandon C. Grigg, manager, Rice Quality
Laboratory, and Terry Siebenmorgen, professor and director, University of Arkansas Rice
Processing Program.They found that removing the fissured and chalky kernels did significantly
improve milling yield. However, researchers said the economic and logistic impacts on
commercial milling operations have yet to be considered.
Importance of rice thickness
Thickness grading of rice has been proposed as a means of improving kernel uniformity by
removing the thinner kernels to be used for applications such as flour.Previous research has
shown that thin kernels often break during milling. When thin kernels were removed prior to
milling, there was a trend of improved milled rice yield and head rice yield.When fractioned as
rough rice prior to milling, thin kernels yielded a lower surface lipid content and head rice yield,
compared to thicker kernels milled for the same duration, previous research has shown. Thinner
kernels would thus possibly require a shorter milling duration, possibly resulting in reduced
breakage and increased milling yield, if milled as a separate process stream.
Chalkiness may also be associated with thin, incompletely-filled kernels. Chalkiness has been
linked to the process of starch accumulation in the rice endosperm.Head rice yield is also
reduced by kernel fissuring, which may result from rapid moisture adsorption by kernels of low
moisture content in the field or due to conditions during the drying process. Prior research has
shown that thicker, bolder kernels were more susceptible to fissuring than thinner kernels.
Research method
Researchers used four lots of long-grain rice cultivars (pureline Wells and hybrid XL753), of
both superior and inferior milling quality. Lots were cleaned, conditioned and graded using a
laboratory-scale precision sizer equipped with rotary screens.The resulting thickness fractions
included thin (less than 2 mm), medium (2-2.05 mm) and thick (more than 2.05 mm).Following
thickness grading, milling and physical properties were determined for each thickness fraction.
An analysis was conducted for each fraction to determine the milling duration needed to reach
the desired degree of milling.Unfractioned and fractioned rough rice were dehulled. The
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resulting brown rice samples were milled for different durations to develop relationships between
degree of milling and milling duration.
Following milling, researchers measured head-rice surface lipid content and determined milled
rice yield and head rice yield. Head rice was separated from broken kernels using a sizing
device.Researchers then examined physical properties including bulk density of rough rice.
Brown rice properties were determined by dehulling four rough rice samples.Using a scanning
system, brown rice chalkiness as a percentage of kernel area was determined. Fissured kernel
percentage was visually determined using a grain scope. A kernel was counted as fissured if one
or more fissures were detected.Statistical software was used to analyze the data.
Results
Unfractioned milled rice yields of superior and inferior lots within each cultivar were not
different. However, differences in the head rice yields were substantial, with the superior Wells
cultivar being 27 percentage points greater than the inferior sample of the same cultivar. The
XL753 superior head rice yield was 15 percentage points greater than the inferior sample.The
reduced head rice yield was due to the chalkiness and the fissured kernel percentage (see Figure
1, page 82). There was significantly greater chalkiness observed in the inferior lots, as well as a
greater fissured kernel percentage.
Thickness grading of rough rice resulted in mass percentages for the >2 mm fractions ranging
from 57% to 77%, about 10 percentage points less across the range of lots than the 66% to 89%
observed by researchers previously. See Figure 2a and 2b (this page).For all lots, the >2 mm
kernels comprised the majority of the mass. For both cultivars, there was a trend for a greater
mass of thicker kernels in the lots with inferior milling quality. Since chalkiness has been shown
to be more prevalent in thinner kernels, decreased head rice yield for the unfractioned, inferior
lots may be associated with increased fissuring of the thicker, bolder kernels.
A further thickness grading of the >2 mm kernels was added to determine if the greater portion
of fissured kernels was concentrated in the very thickest kernels. This would enable the thickness
fraction to be partitioned and transferred to an alternate processing stream, such as
parboiling.The >2 mm fraction was thickness graded with a 2.05 mm screen, resulting in the
previously described thin, medium and thick kernel fractions. This potentially created a medium
kernel stream with reduced fissured kernels, reduced chalkiness, and improved milling
characteristics.The mass percentage of the thin kernels ranged from 25% to 42%. The superior
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lots had the greatest mass percentages of thin kernels, about 42%. The mass percentage of
medium kernels generally exceeded that of thin kernels and was greater than that of thick
kernels.
A trend existed for greater mass percentage of thick kernels in inferior lots.Milled rice yield
increased with increased kernel thickness for all lots, agreeing with previous research. For
superior lots of both cultivars, there no differences in milled rice yield between medium and
thick kernels. However, for the inferior lots, the milled rice yield of thick kernels was greater
than that of medium kernels. See Figures 3a and b (page 85).For the superior lots, milled rice
yields of both thick and medium kernels exceeded those of unfractioned rice. Therefore,
removing the thin kernels increased milled rice yield for inferior and superior rice lots. For
inferior lots, the thick kernels had greater milled rice yield and medium kernels had equivalent
milled rice yield when compared to unfractioned rice.
The head rice yields of thin kernels were significantly less than those of medium kernels. The
general trend for decreased head rice yields of thin kernels occurred even though the degree of
milling was the same as medium and thick kernels.Counter to the trends seen in milled rice
yields, head rice yields of thick kernels were significantly less than medium kernels, with the
exception of the superior Wells lots. Those lots showed a 1.5 percentage point decrease in head
rice yields of thick kernels.The head rice yields of medium thickness kernels followed the same
pattern of milled rice yields.For superior lots, head rice yields of medium kernels were
significantly greater than unfractioned rice, while for inferior lots, head rice yields of medium
kernels were statistically equivalent to those of unfractioned rice.
In superior lots, head rice yields of thick kernels trended greater than unfractioned rice while
inferior lots were less than unfractioned rice.Trends for milling yields across the three thickness
fractions
may
be
explained
by
the
associated
physical
properties.
Bulk densities of thin kernels were significantly less than those of medium and thick kernels.
This is likely a result of more completely filled kernels and greater relative mass of endosperm
associated with the medium and thick kernels.For chalkiness, the overall trend was a reduction in
chalkiness with increased kernel thickness.The fissured kernel percentage varied by cultivar,
increasing with increased thickness fraction for both Wells lots, while no differences were
observed in the XL753 variety.
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Conclusions
Thickness grading of rough rice resulted in fractions with distinct properties. For all lots, there
was a trend of increasing milled rice yield with increasing kernel thickness. Head rice yields did
not necessarily follow the same trend.While head rice yields of medium kernels were greater
than those of thin kernels for all lots, head rice yields of thick kernels tended to be less than
medium kernels due to increased fissured kernels in the thick fractions.Milled rice yield was
significantly linked to bulk density.
However, head rice yields were linked to physical properties primarily kernel defects such as
chalkiness and fissured kernel percentage.Thickness grading of long grain rough rice could
concentrate chalky and fissured kernels and partition them into alternative processing streams,
thereby improving the milling yields.
http://www.world-grain.com/articles/news_home/Features/2015/08/Rice_Thickness_Grading.aspx?ID=%7B4DF24E84-2F3D4ED3-A330-69892EC84841%7D&cck=1
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Price
Net Change
September 2015
$11.430
- $0.010
November 2015
$11.700
UNCH
January 2016
$11.990
UNCH
March 2016
$12.200
- $0.025
May 2016
$12.385
- $0.020
July 2016
$12.385
- $0.020
September 2016
$11.865
- $0.020
A variety of rice is on sale at a shop on Phutthamonthon Sai 2 Road. Economists are urging the
government set up an institute to carry out rice R&D for commercial purposes.SEKSAN
ROJJANAMETAKUN
Thailand Development Research Institute (TDRI)
fellows are urging the government to establish a
Rice Market Development Institute to enhance
scientific
research,
disseminate
credible
information to farmers and entrepreneurs and
improve the competitiveness of Thai rice
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