Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Standards
1. IEEE Standard for Calculating the CurrentTemperature of Bare Overhead Conductors
(IEEE 738-2006)
2. Cigr Thermal Behaviour of Overhead
Conductors
Heat gains
qr qc qs I R(Tc )
2
Ampacity
qr qc qs
I
R(Tc )
Joule heating
Screenshot of developed MATLAB based DLR software showcasing the steady state calculation window.
Hourly readings for wind speed based on ARMA model and ambient temperature and for July 18th 2012
Actual conductor loading for July 18th 2012 and calculated ampacity
10
Results:
o Highest ampacity calculated was 107% greater than manufacturers
11
Constraints/ Limitations
Lack of real time updating of climatic data
More loading data needed for lines with climatic data available
Further Work
Effects of DLR on:
o system voltages and losses
o unit commitment
o contingency planning
o protection circuitry
Cost analysis
12
Conclusion
Electricity transmission traditionally limited by lines thermal limit
13
References
Bernini, Minardo, Persiano, A. Vaccaro, D. Villacci and L. Zeni. 2007. Dynamic
loading of overhead lines by adaptive learning techniques and distributed
temperature sensing. IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution 1 (6):
912-919
Ciniglio, Orlando A., and Anjan Deb. 2004. Optimizing Transmission Path
Utilization in Idaho Power. IEE Transactions on Power Delivery 19 (2): 830834.
Hall, J.F., and A.K.Deb. 1988. Economic Evaluation of Dynamic Line Rating by
Adaptative Forecasting. IEE Transactions on Power Delivery 3 (4): 20482055.
Kopsidas, Konstantinos. 2009. "Modelling Thermal Rating of Arbitrary
Overhead Line System." Doctoral Thesis. The University of Manchester,
United Kingdom.
Kopsidas, K., and S. M. Rowland. 2011. Evaluating opportunities for
increasing power capacity of existing overhead line systems. IET
Generation, Transmission and Distribution 5 (1): 1-10.
14
Appendix
15
Ambient temperature
Tc 273 Ta 273
qr 0.0178D [
-
100 100
4
Conductor diameter
Emissivity
16
0.52
]kfKangle(Tc Ta)
Wind speed
Air viscosity
D fVw
qc 2 [0.0119
]kfKangle(Tc Ta)
f
Thermal conductivity of air
Wind direction factor
17
qs Qse sin( ) A
'
18
AC resistance
R(Tc ) [
R(Thigh ) R(Tlow )
Thigh Tlow
19
20
21