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4 Oct 2010
2 hours
Section A
For each section there are four possible answers, A, B, C, and D. Choose the one you consider to
be correct.
1 The relative abundances of the isotopes of a sample of platinum are shown in the table
below.
Relative Isotopic Mass
194
195
196
197
Relative Abundance
32.3
33.2
26.8
7.7
194.9
195.0
195.1
195.5
2 In an experiment, 20 cm3 of a 0.500 mol dm-3 iodate IOx solution was run into an acidified
solution containing an excess of potassium iodide. Both the iodate and iodide ions reacted
to form iodine according to the following reaction:
IOx (aq) + (2x 1)I (aq) + 2xH+ (aq) xI2 (aq) + xH2O (l)
On titration, the liberated iodine was found to require 0.08 moles of sodium thiosulfate for
complete reaction, forming tetrathionate, S4O62, and iodide ions.
What is the value of x?
A
3 Gaseous particle S has a proton number of m and a charge of +1. Gaseous particle T has a
proton number of (m 2), the same number of nucleons as S, and is isoelectronic with S.
Which of the following statements correctly describes S and T?
A
S requires less energy than T when another electron is removed from each particle.
T has a charge of 2.
4 Which graph correctly describes the behaviour of a fixed mass of an ideal gas?
PV
Constant T
Constant V
T/ 0C
Constant T
Constant P
C
T/ 0C
Density
5 Given the following data, predict the type of bonding and structure present in X, Y, and Z.
Compound
Melting
Point/ K
Electrical Conductivity
in solid state
Electrical Conductivity in
molten state
3820
273
1074
Conducts well
giant covalent
simple covalent
metallic
simple covalent
giant covalent
ionic lattice
giant covalent
simple covalent
ionic lattice
ionic lattice
simple covalent
metallic
6 The reaction pathway diagram below represents the reaction occurring with and without a
catalyst.
Reaction 2
Energy
E4
E1
E2
E3
Reaction 1
products
reactants
Progress of reaction
Reaction 1 is exothermic.
7 The following equation represents the rate determining step of a reaction conducted in an
experiment.
CH3Br + OH- CH3OH + BrA large excess of OH- was used, resulting in a pseudo-first order reaction. The initial rate of
this reaction was found to be 5.78 x 10-3 mol dm-3 min-1. Given that the half life of the
reaction is 24 min, what is the initial concentration of CH3Br?
A
8 Which of the following shows the correct order of lattice energies, placing the one with the
lowest numerical value first?
A
9 Which of the following structural isomers of C8H16 exhibits both geometrical and optical
isomerism?
A
CH2=CHCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
(CH3)2C=CHCH(CH3)CH2CH3
CH3CH=CHCH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
CH3CH=CHCH2CH(CH3)CH2CH3
10 Which of the following is not the propagation step in the reaction between ethane and
chlorine under uv light?
A
H + Cl2 Cl + HCl
Compound P
After compound P has reacted with hydrogen gas in the presence of nickel catalyst, how
many optical isomers will the product have?
A
25
26
27
28
12 Alkene Q, after reacting with hot acidified KMnO4, yields the following 3 carbon-containing
products.
CO2
Product 1
Product 2
CH2=CHCH2CH2CH2CH2CH=CH2
CH3C(CH3)=CHCH2CH2CH=CH2
CH3C(CH3)=C(CH3)CH2CH=CH2
CH3C(CH3)=CHCH=C(CH3)2
Product 3
13 Lanosterol is a tetracyclic triterpenold which is the compound from which steroids are
derived. It has the following structure:
When Lanosterol is treated with cold dilute KMnO4, it would result in a product with 5
OH groups
When Lanosterol reacts with hot acidified KMnO4, it would result in 3 products.
14 Which of the following properties of benzene is not directly attributed to the stability
associated with its delocalised electrons?
A
Step 2
Step 1
Intermediate
Methylbenzene
3-nitrobenzoic acid
Step 1
Reagents and
conditions
Step 2
Nitration
Oxidation
Hot acidified
K2Cr2O7
Aqueous H2SO4,
reflux
Reagents and
Conditions
Nitration
Oxidation
Hot acidified
KMnO4
Oxidation
Hot acidified
K2Cr2O7
Nitration
Oxidation
Hot acidified
KMnO4
Nitration
Section B
For each of the questions in this section, one or more of the three numbered statements 1 to 3 may
be correct. Decide whether each of the statements is or is not correct (you may find it helpful to put a
tick against the statements which you consider to be correct).
The responses A to D should be selected on the basis of
A
B
1, 2, and 3 are correct
16
17
18
1 only is correct.
In which of the following pairs is the bond angle in compound K greater than the bond angle
in compound L?
K
H2Se
H2O
NH3
XeF4
BH3
SF6
Introducing an inhibitor
19
Which of the following compounds could be formed by the reaction of propene with aqueous
bromine in the presence of sodium chloride?
20
Under what conditions will bromine react with the compound J below?
H
H
C
H
Compound J
1
10
Section C
1
Phenol was used as the first surgical antiseptic in 1865. However, due to its carcinogenic
properties, safer antiseptics such as Trichlorophenol (TCP) has been synthesised which
retains its germicide properties without the toxicity of phenol.
One of the steps in the production of phenol involves the Friedel Crafts electrophilic
substitution of benzene using an acid catalyst to form cumene as shown in the following
reaction:
(a)
The enthalpy changes of benzene, propene and cumene are given below.
H = +815 kJ mol-1
H = +623 kJ mol-1
H = +217 kJ mol-1
H = +125 kJ mol-1
By using the above data, draw an appropriate energy cycle to calculate the standard
enthalpy change of vapourisation of cumene.
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[3]
1(b) (i)
Suggest a chemical test to distinguish between benzene and cumene. State the
reagents, conditions and the observations with each compound.
(ii)
[2]
(iii)
(c)
[2]
State the type of reaction in b(ii) and outline a mechanism for the above reaction.
[3]
With reference to the hydroperoxide molecule, state the C-Cx-O bond angle and the
hybridised state about Cx atom.
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[2]
1(d) (i)
The hydroperoxide molecule is used as a drug to study the metabolism rate of liver
cells in rats. In a study carried out to determine the rate of removal of the
hydroperoxide from the rat cells, the reaction was found to have a constant half life
of 2.7 hours. Sketch a graph to show how the concentration of hydroperoxide
changes with time, assuming the initial concentration of hydroperoxide is
[2]
(ii)
What would be the qualitative effect on the rate constant by changing the
[1]
(e)
Phenol
TCP
sodium trichlorophenoxide
State and explain the order of increasing boiling points of phenol, TCP and sodium
[3]
trichlorophenoxide.
(f)
13
Ethane-1,2-diamine is used in large quantities for the production of many industrial chemicals
such as in pharmaceuticals and agrichemicals. Ethane-1,2-diamine is manufactured by reacting
ammonia and 1,2-dichloroethane as shown in the following equation:
(a) (i)
Explain with the aid of a suitable diagram why boron trifluoride reacts with
ethane-1,2 -diamine in a molar ratio of 2:1.
(ii)
State and outline the mechanism for the formation of 1,2-dichloroethane from a
suitable alkene of your choice.
(iii)
[8]
14
2(b)
Pt IV en2 Cl2 .
To study the chemistry of this ion, a radioactive isotope of chlorine, *Cl was used.
The reaction between *Cl and Pt IV en 2 Cl2
equation:
Pt IV en2 Cl2
Pt II en
Cl
Pt IV en 2 ClCl
Cl
The rate of the above reaction is slow and can be increased in the presence of
Pt II en2
catalyst. The results of some investigation of the rate of this reaction are
shown below.
Experiment
Pt IV en Cl 2
2
2
/ mol dm
(i)
[*Cl-]
/ mol dm3
Pt II en 2
2
/ mol dm
initial rate
/ mol dm3 s1
0.80
0.10
0.20
0.409
0.40
0.05
0.10
0.049
0.40
0.05
0.20
0.102
0.20
0.05
0.10
0.025
Determine the order of reaction with respect to each reactant and hence deduce the
rate equation.
(ii)
Using data from Experiment 1, calculate a value for the rate constant, k, giving its
units.
15
2(b)
(iii) With the sketch of the Boltzmann distribution, explain how the use of a catalyst can
speed up the rate of a reaction. Also, state the effect of the catalyst on the rate
constant, k.
[6]
(c)
30.9
25.6
Volume of base added/cm
25.00
(i)
Using the graph obtained, calculate the standard enthalpy change of neutralisation,
assuming that 4.2 J is required to raise the temperature of 1 cm3 of solution by 1 oC.
(ii)
Given that S= -205 J mol-1 K-1, calculate G and hence predict its spontaneity at
298K.
16
3(a)
Compound A
(i)
Name and describe the type of reaction mechanism that occurs in Step 2.
Use R-CH2CH3 to represent the alkane in Step 2 while R = CH3(CH2)3
(ii)
(iii)
(b)
Sulfuryl chloride is a very good source of Cl2 which reacts with hex-1-ene to form an
important industrial solvent.
(i)
(ii)
17
3(b)
(iii)
With reference to the Data Booklet, briefly explain why the first ionisation energy of
sulfur is lower than that of chlorine but the second ionisation energy of sulfur is
similar than that of chlorine.
[5]
(c)
Halogens undergoes disproportionation in hot metal hydroxides to form chlorates (VII) and
bromates (VII), which contain only the XO4- ion (X = Cl or Br) as well iodates (VII) which
contains the ions IO53-, IO65- and IO4- .
(i)
Draw the dot and cross diagram for IO65- and hence state the shape of the ion.
(ii)
Consider the following ions: IO53-, IO65- and IO4State the polarity of the electric plate which the above ions would be deflected to
and also the ion which gives the most deflection.
(iii)
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[7]
3(d)
Potassium iodate (VII), KIO4, is used as a source for iodine as an ingredient in baby
formula milk. Potassium iodate (VII) is also occasionally used as a maturing agent in
baking.
(i)
The lattice energy of KIO4 is 1527 kJ mol-1 while the values of the enthalpy change of
hydration of the ions are listed below:
Ions
Hhyd / kJ mol-1
K+
1420
IO4-
295
Calculate the enthalpy change of solution of potassium iodate with the aid of an energy
level diagram.
(ii)
By using your answer from (d)(i), and given the entropy change of solution of
potassium iodate (VII) is positive, predict whether potassium iodate is soluble in water
at room temperature and pressure. Give your reasoning,
[4]
[Total: 20 marks]
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