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2. Regarding HCM:
a) Systolic anterior motion is often associated with outflow track gradient
b) Diastolic function is usually normal
c) May present with mild ventricular hypertrophy
d) May present with only localized ventricular hypertrophy at the lateral wall
e) Asymmetric hypertrophy is defined by a septal-to-posterior wall ratio of 1.5:1
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3. Systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the mitral valve can be seen in the following
conditions:
a) Hypovolaemia
b) in hypertrophic non-obstructive cardiomyopathy
c) in anterior mitral leaflet prolapse
d) in hyperkinetic states
e) post-operatively, after mitral valve repair
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7. In restrictive cardiomyopathies
a) The systolic function is always normal
b) endomyocardial fibrosis is rare
c) can often be associated with mitral regurgitation
d) can be caused by Loefflers syndrome
e) The transmitral velocity increases by >20% with inspiration
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8. In constrictive pericarditis
a) The pericardium is always thickened
b) can occur after open heart surgery
c) there is a drop in intracardiac pressures
d) the trans-tricuspid diastolic gradient is unchanged during respiration
e) the LV outflow velocities are reduced during inspiration
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