Kuliah-12

Kuliah
12
Peretakan Hidrolik
Komplesi & Kerja Ulang Sumur
(2 SKS)
Dosen : Ir.
Ir Andry Halim,
Halim MM
Universitas Trisakti
2012

Objective/Sasaran
Memahami konsep
konsep-konsep
konsep Peretakan
Hidrolik
Memahami teknik perencanaan Peretakan
Hidrolik
Memahami
M
h i penerapannya di dunia
d i
Perminyakan

Daftar Pustaka
Allen S.O. and Robert A.P. Production Operation, Vol. I Oil and
Gas Cons
Consultant
ltant International Inc
Inc.
Schlumberger Hydraulic Fracturing.
Peter E. Clark,Well Completions : Stimulation and Work Over.
Pertamina Hulu, Teknik Produksi, Jakarta, 2003
H.K. Van Poolen,Well Completion and Stimulations Program.
Unocal Completion
p
Training/Courses
g
Schlumberger Hydraulic Fracturing Training Material
Peter E. Clark,Well Completions : Stimulation and Work Over.
Jonathan Billary,Well
y
Completions
p
Design,
g PetroleumElsevier,
2009
Semua buku perihal Komplesi dan uji Sumur
Semua Jurnal tentang Komplesi dan uji Sumur

INTRODUCTION

HYDRAULIC FRACTURING
Hydraulic fracturing is a process used by drilling companies
to increase the amount of oil and gas that is produced from
each
h well.
ll Fracturing
F t i is
i done
d
after
ft the
th wellll has
h been
b
d ill d
drilled
into the formation.
A fluid consisting of water, proppants (either sand or
ceramic beads), and chemicals is injected into the well at
extremely high pressures until eventually the rock, clay,
compacted sand,
sand or coal fractures.
fractures
The fractures generally travel a few hundred feet, although
fracturing fluids have been known to travel 3,000 feet away
f
from
th well.
the
ll These
Th
f t
fractures
are then
th
h ld open by
held
b the
th
sand or ceramic, enabling the oil & gas to flow more freely
out of the well

HYDRAULIC FRACTURING
After the well has been fractured, the oil or gas is extracted
from the formation.
D i
During
th extraction
the
t ti
process, the
th fracturing
f t i
fl id along
fluid,
l
with any water present in the rocks before fracturing are
partially removed with the oil and gas
Side Effect of HF
Because hydraulic fracturing is highly variable and
unpredictable and because drinking water supplies are
unpredictable,
extremely precious resources, numerous concerns have
been raised regarding the potential for hydraulic fracturing
t contaminate
to
t i t drinking
d i ki water
t supplies.
li

HYDRAULIC FRACTURING IN
SHALE FORMATION
Oil and Gas Shale
H d li fracturing
Hydraulic
f t i is
i a proven technology
t h l
used
d safely
f l for
f
more than 60 years in more than a million wells.
It uses water p
pressure to create fissures in deep
p
underground shale formations that allow oil and natural gas
to flow.
First used in the U.S.
U S in 1947,
1947 the technology has been
continuously improved upon since that time.
Recent innovations combining this technology with
h i
horizontal
t l drilling
d illi
i shale
in
h l formations
f
ti
h
has
unlocked
l k d vastt
new supplies of natural gas, allowing the US to get to the
gy it needs today,and
y
transforming
g US energy
gy in
energy
future.

HYDRAULIC FRACTURING

HYDRAULIC FRACTURING IN
SHALE FORMATION
Hydraulic fracturing is so important that without it,US would
l
lose
45 percentt off domestic
d
ti natural
t l gas production
d ti and
d 17
percent of US oil production within five years.

Typical Chemical Additives

Used in Frac Water

Hydraulic
Fracturing in HC
Shale well

Hydraulic Fracturing in
HC Shale well

HYDRAULIC FRACTURING

FRACTURE TREATMENT

HYDRAULIC FRACTURING
Reservoir flow

Acid and Proppant

Fracturing

HYDRAULIC FRACTURING
Advantages
g

HYDRAULIC FRACTURING

HF Applications

Harsh fracturing
Environment

HYDRAULIC FRACTURING
Typical Formation

Treatment Design
Objective

HYDRAULIC FRACTURING
Data Collection

Fracture Treatment
Limitations

FRACTURING DESIGN
& DATA COLLECTION

HYDRAULIC FRACTURING
Design Concept

Treatment
Design Objectives

HYDRAULIC FRACTURING
Fracture Orientation

DEE Candidate
Flow Chart Selection

HYDRAULIC FRACTURING

DEE Fracturing
g Design
g
Flow Chart

HYDRAULIC FRACTURING
Net Pressure Concept

Why Fluid is
Important
p
?

FRACTURING FLUID
Fracturing Fluid
Requirement

FRACTURING FLUID
Fracturing Fluid
Selection

Fracturing Fluid
Polymer

FRACTURING FLUID
Cross Linker

Borate Cross Linker

FRACTURING FLUID
Effect of Temperature

Organometallic Crosslinker

FRACTURING FLUID
Crosslinker rate

Fracturing Fluid
Nomenclature of
S hl b
Schlumberger
Fluid
Fl id

FRACTURING FLUID
Fracturing Fluid Nomenclature of
Schlumberger Fluid

FRACTURING FLUID

Water Base Fluid

Oil Base Fluid

FRACTURING FLUID
Conductivity Impairment
Crosslink Comparison

FRACTURING FLUID
Fracturing
F
t i Fluid
Fl id
Components

Rheological Properties
Requirements

FRACT PROPPANT

FRACT PROPPANT
Why Proppant is Important ?

Critical Success

FRACT PROPPANT
Proppant Selection

Proppant Physical
Properties

FRACT PROPPANT
Classes of Proppant Agent

Proppant Selection

FRACT PROPPANT
Proppant Flowback

Selection Methodolgy

FRACT PROPPANT
Proppant Fract Type

Cirebon HF Case

FRACT PROPPANT

FP Retained
Permeability

FCD Fracture Conductivity

Dimesnsionless

FRACTURING MODEL

FRACTURING MODEL
Why Fract Model
is Important ?

Basic Fract Model

FRACTURING MODEL
Stress Concept

FRACTURING MODEL

2D Model

Radial Model

FRACTURING MODEL
KGD Model

FRACTURING MODEL
PKN Model

FRACTURING MODEL
P3D Model

FRACTURING MODEL
N lt S
Nolte
Smith
ith Plot
Pl t

THE THEORY OF
HYDRAULIC FRACTURING

THE THEORY OF
HYDRAULIC FRACTURING

THE THEORY OF
HYDRAULIC FRACTURING

THE THEORY OF
HYDRAULIC FRACTURING

CARA PEREKAHAN

CARA PEREKAHAN

CARA PEREKAHAN

CARA PEREKAHAN

CARA PEREKAHAN

CARA PEREKAHAN

CARA PEREKAHAN

QUESTIONS ?

Homework - 12
1.
2.
3.
4.

Name 2 types of fracturing treatments ?

What is definition of hydraulic fracturing treatment ?
What the advantages of hydraulic fracturing ?
In what condition fracturing treatments should be designed very
carefully ?
5. What the objectives of fracturing design ?
6. What reservoir parameter that control frac fluid selection ?
7. What consideration should be counted when select frac fluid ?
8. Name type of fracturing fluids ?
9. What is your field BH temperature and what fracfluid suit for that ?
10. What are the primary factors (objective) when choose the proppant ?
11 Name 3 types of 2D fracturing models ? And what is the different?
11.
12. Name 2 types of P3D models ? And what is the different ?