Code of Practice for Selection, Management,

Use, Maintenance and Examination of

Hand Chain Blocks & Lever Hoists

in the Offshore Environment
including Sub-sea

Published by the:

Lifting Equipment
Engineers Association
3, Osprey Court, Kingfisher Way,
Hinchingbrooke Business Park, Huntingdon PE29 6FN
United Kingdom
Tel:+ 44 (0) 1480 432801 Fax: + 44 (0) 1480 436314
E-mail: mail@leea.co .uk Website: www.leea.co.uk

Ownership

Name: _____________________________________________________

Company: __________________________________________________

Department: -----------------------------------------------

Disclaimer
This code of practice will be found to be a usefu l and authmitative source of
infonnation for all those people who are respons ible for safety in the selection,
management, use, maintenance and examin ation of hand chain blocks and
lever hoists in the offshore env ironment including sub -sea.
Every effort has been made to achieve the highest degree of accuracy in the
generation of the data and advice supplied , but ultimate responsibility for
safety must continue to rest w ith the persons and organisations charged with
specific duties in current legislation.
Second ed ition . ............ April2010
All rights reserved . No pa11 of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior
written permission of the Lifting Equipment Engineers Association.

Lifti ng Equ ipment Engineers Assoc iation 20 10

CONTENTS
Foreword
... .... ....... ...... ..
.... ..... ... ... .............. 1
Statement by HSE OSD ...........
....... ..... ..... .
................ ...... ..... 2
Organi sati ons cooperating with LEEA in drafting thi s code ... .......... ....... ....... 2
Section I Legal requirements
1. 1 Introduction
...... .................. ............ ... ........ ... ........... ...... 3
1.2 C urrent legis lation .. .... .. .. .. ....... .. ... ........... .... .. .. .....
...... 3
1.3 Summary oflegal requirements ..
. ..... ............... ........... ... .4
Section 2 Selection of equipment
2.1 General
.............. .... .........
..... .4
2.2 Types of hand chain blocks...
... ............. 6
2.3 Types of! ever hoists ...... .......... ......
. ................. ........ .. 8
2.4 Alternatives to hand chain blocks and lever hoists ....... ..... ... 9
2.5 Hazardous conditions..........................................
. .. ... 9
Section 3 Information to be provided
3. 1 Legal commentary ................... .... ........ ...... .
..... 10
3.2 Hand chain blocks- Information which should be
..................... 10
provided by the equipment specifier
3.3 Lever hoists- Information wh ich should be
provided by the equipment specifier
... . 11
3.4 Hand chain blocks and Lever hoi sts - Information
........ 11
to be provided by the supplier .... .... ......
Section 4 Thorough examination including verification testing
4. 1 Legal commentary......... .. .. .......... ....... .......... .... ....
.... 12
4.2 New equipment prior to supply
.. . 12
4.3 In-service equipment
.. .... ......... . 13
4.4 Records and reports . .. .. .. ... . .. .. ... . .. ... . ... .
. .. ... ..... ...... 15
Section 5 Requirements for transportation, storage and control
5 .I Preparation of equipment prior to despatch .. .... .................. 16
5.2 Transportation and storage conditions ................................. 17
5.3 Management of issue and return to store .......... ....... ........... 17
5.4 Cleaning of equipment. .
............ .... ............... .. ... .... ...... 20
5.5 Inspection prior to and following use... .... ....... ... ........ .... 20
5.6 Quarantine of unserviceable equipment.........
. ..... 23

Section 6 Maintenance
6.1 Legal commentary.........................
......... ......... .. 23
6.2 Maintenance whilst in store offshore.
.. .. .. 24
...24
6.3 Periodic maintenance...... .... ...... .. ........
6.4 Suitable lubricants ........... ............................. ........ .. ...... ..... 26
Section 7 Historical records
7.1 Records to be kept for the life of the equipment.....
.. .. 27
7.2 Records to be kept for a limited period ..................... .. ........ 27
Section 8 Planning the lifting operation and safe use of hand chain
blocks and lever hoists ............................................................... 28
Section 9 Training and competency
9.1 Legal commentary ..................
.. ........................ 30
9.2 Essential knowledge for the planner and operatives ............ 31
Appendix A Check list for thorough examination of hand chain blocks ..... 33
Appendix B Check list for thorough examination of lever hoists ................ 36
Appendix C Model data sheet to identify equipment required
and conditions of use...... .. ........
.. ....................... 39
Appendix D Model report of thorough examination ..... .
......... ...... ..... .41

ll

CODE OF PRACTICE
Foreword
This code of practice has been developed by a working group of the LEEA
Technical Committee wh ich included representatives from the industries wh ich
supply, maintain and thoroughly exam ine hand chain blocks and lever hoists as
wel l as representatives of the users and the Health & Safety Executive
Offshore Division.
It is app li cable to both new equipment and equipment which has previously
been in serv ice.
Its purpose is to address the specific problems associated with using such
equ ipment in the offshore and sub-sea environments and does not therefore
necessari ly deal with the more general aspects of using such equipment. For
guidance on the more genera l aspects see the LEEA Code of Practice for the
Safe Use of Lifting Equipment.
The code is based on current knowledge and accepted good practice. However
in parallel with developing the code, the HSE have comm issioned a test
programme to collect data about th e perfonnance of typical hand chain blocks
and lever hoists under the marine/sa liferous conditions experienced offshore
and sub-sea. The guidance in this code wil l be reviewed once the resu lts of
those tests are avai !ab le.
The conditions in the offshore environment (ie marine/saliferous) are often
such as to accelerate the deterioration of equipment compared to normal
industrial usage. Offshore duties can include extremes of temperature,
exposure to corrosive conditions and frequent use up to the maximum capacity.
Selecting equipment most suited to this enviroru11ent can mitigate some of the
consequences but good maintenance, examination, inspection, transp01tation ,
storage and control are eq uall y essential and the code addresses all these
matters.
It is recognised that some band chain blocks and lever hoists may be
pem1anently kept and used on ly within offshore workshops where the
conditions are comparable with normal industrial usage. If controls are in place
to prevent the transfer of such equipment to areas where the marine/saliferous
conditions outlined above prevail, then the code may not be relevant to such
equipment. However if there is the possibi li ty of equipment transfer, it is

recommended that the code shou ld apply to the who le installation or platform
or vessel.
Although specifically developed for use by the offshore industry, thi s code
may be found of value in other industries which use equipment in arduous
environments.

Statement by HSE/OSD
The Offshore Division of the UK Health & Safety Executive strongly support
the issue of this Code of Practice which the Executive see as an important step
in helping to contribute towards the reduction of the number of incidents
involving hand chain blocks and lever hoists which are being operated and
maintained in the offshore environment.
Organisations cooperating with the LEEA in drafting this code of practice
Health & Safety Executive OSD
ICE
IMCA
Shell UK

Section I Legal requirements

1.1 Introduction
Since its introduction in 1974, the Health and Safety at Work etc Act has
become the prime legislation covering the safety of equipment for use at work
including lifting equipment. It makes broad requirements and acts as an
' umbrella ' for all the other regulations. Referring to employment and
eq uipment in general rather than specific categories, the Act has the effect of
uni fy ing the basic safety requirements. The Health and Safety at Work Act
app lies to the offshore industry as a result of the Application Outside Great
Britain Order 1995: SINo 263.
During the 1990s, the need to implement European Directives made it
necessary to withdraw much of the old sectoral legis lation and introduce new
UK regulations.
The earlier legislation applicable offshore (SI I 0 19) used the term 'duty
holder' but the current legislation referred to below uses the term ' employer'.

1.2 Current Legislation

There are three main regulatory documents currently applicable in the UK
sector covering lifting equipment and lifting operations. They are:
(1) The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 as extended to apply to the
offshore industry as a result of the Application Outside Great Britain
Order 1995: Sl No 263 .
(2) The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998: SI 2306
(PUWER) which cover the non-lifting aspects of operations involving
lifting equipment.
(3) The Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998: SI 2307
(LOLER) which specifically cover lifting equipment and lifting
operations.
The supp ly of new lifting equipment is covered by The Supply of Machinery
(Safety) Regulations 2008. These implement the European Machinery
Directive (2006/42/EC).
Both PUWER and LOLER are supplemented by Approved Codes of Practice
(ACoPs) and guidance notes . The ACoPs give practical advice on how to
comp ly with the law. If you follow the advice then you will be doing enough to
3

comply with the law in respect of those matters on which tbe ACoP gives
advice.
You may use alternative methods to those set out in the ACoP in order to
comply with the law. However, the A CoP has a special lega l status. If you are
prosecuted for a breach of health and safety law and it is proved that yo u did
not follow the re levant provisions of the ACoP, you will need to show that you
complied with the law in some other way or a com1 will find you at fau lt.

1.3 Summary of Legal Requirements

In terms of effect, the requirements of the current Regu lations do not alter
greatly what has been required since the Health and Safety at Work etc Act
was introduced in 1974. However they do deal with the subj ect in greater
detail. In the context of liftin g operations and lifting equipment, they requ ire:
(I) The equipment must be safe and suitable for its intended purpose.
(2) Manufacturers and suppliers must provide information on the safe use of
their equipment.
(3) Those obtaining equipment for others to use must ensure it is safe and
suitable for the intended purpose.
(4) The lifting operation must be adequately planned, supervised and canied
out in a safe matmer.
(5) The personnel who use the equipment must be suitably trained.
(6) The equipment must be maintained in a safe condition.
(7) That declarations of confonnity and records of thorough examination etc
must be kept.

Section 2 Selection of equipment

2.1 General
This code deals with hand chain blocks and lever hoists but the user should
also consider whether there are more suitab le alternatives. Hand chain blocks
are designed for use in the vet1ical plane only and, whi lst most makes wi ll
tolerate some dev iation from the vet1ical, there is other equipment more
suitable for inclined loading or pull ing loads in the horizontal direction eg lever
hoists which are designed to operate in any plane.
Both these items should only be used in applications where they are free to
articulate with their attachment points and ali gn so that the load line is a
straight pu ll.

Both items conta in components which will corrode in a marine environment

and, as a result, may seize or their functionality may be greatly impaired. They
also contain components which may cease to function correctly as a result of
lack oflubrication or contamination with lubricants.
When se lect ing chain blocks and lever hoists for offshore applications the user
shou ld be aware of the harsh environmental cond itions which exist offshore
and especially the effects that such conditions can have on the component parts
whic h make up the blocks and hoists.
Situations where the block or hoi st will rema in in-situ for long periods of time
without being used can lead to problems with accelerated conosion of
components, difficulties in pre-start inspections, maintenance etc.
Al l hand chain blocks and lever hoists have a brake mechanism which relies on
sufficient torque, arising fro m the load lifted, to operate satisfactorily. There is
therefore a MINJMUM load they can safe ly sustain as well as a maximum. The
minimum specified in sections 2.2 and 2.3 and verified in sections 4.2 and 4.3
is 5% of SWL. However exposure to a marin e environment can increase the
minimum load required to operate satisfactori ly. We therefore recommend ti1at
THE M[N!MUM LOAD LIFTED SHOULD NEVER BE LESS THAN 10%
OF THE SWL.
ln add ition to the above, consideration should also be given to the fo llowing:
(I) If the block or hoist was first provided for use in the undertaking between
3 1" December 1992 and 28'h December 2009, the employer must ensure
that it has been designed and constructed in compliance with the essential
hea lth and safety requirements of the Machinery Directive (98/37/EC). If
however, the block or hoi st was first provided for use in the unde11aking
after 28'" December 2009, the employer must ensure it has been designed
and constructed in compli ance with th e essential health requirements of
the Mach inery Directive (2006/42/EC). This is a requirement of PUWER
(SI 2306) Regulation I 0. One method of achieving this is to obtain the
EC Declaration of Conform ity for the item alternatively ensure that the
CE marking bas been affixed to the eq uipment.
(2) The block or hoist must have a current report of a th orough examination
containing the infonnation required by Schedu le I of LOLER (SI 2307)
and stating that it is safe to operate.
(3) Length of load chain and hand chain required.
(4) Ava ilable headroom.
(5) Degree of portability reqnired.
(6) Operating effort available (particularly for larger capacity blocks)

Notes:
(!) Attention is drawn to the ACoP (paragraph 177) to Regulation 6(1) of
LOLER. This states that:
"Hooks and other simi lar devices provided for li fting should
be of a type that reduces the risk of the load becoming
displaced from the hook or other devices. "
This requirement can be met by, for example, the use of hooks with
safety catches or by the use of 'C' hooks.
(2) The term 'safe working load' or 'SWL' has been used thwughout this
code as it is the term used by LOLER. Although, strictly speaking, this
may be different from the working load limit or WLL, for the purposes of
this code it has been assumed that the blocks and hoi sts will always be
rated with their SWL equal to their WLL, ie nonnally rated. In the event
that a particular app lication requires a block or hoist of higher duty, it is
recommended that the lifting operation plan specifies a block or hoist
which is normally rated but of appropriately higher capacity. For a full
exp lanation of these terms, see paragraph 1.2.26 of the LEEA Code of
Practice for the Safe Use of Lifting Equipment.
2.2 Types of hand chain block
Because of the number of different makes of blocks currently avai lable the
following information is of a general nature on ly and may vary from one
manufacturer to another. Some manufacturers can also supply blocks which are
designed and constmcted to be more resistant to the adverse effects of the
offshore environment than the standard product intended for general industrial
use. Whenever possible users should specify these types of unit from their
supplier in preference to the standard product. Alternative types of equipment
should only be considered by comparison with such specifica lly manufactured
items.

Method of Attachment
The block may be of 'suspended ' or ' built in' pattern, many manufacturers
producing both options. Suspended types nonnally have a top hook by which
the block is hung and which allows a degree of articu lation between the block
and the supporting structure. Built in types are usually combined with a
purpose made travelling trolley, although a direct connection to the supporting
structure may also be possible. The connection between the block and the
trolley or structure is usually rigid . Some designs of trolley incorporate a
braking device which is effective for track inclines of approximately 6
maximum. Other options include rack and pinion drive if movement under load

on an inclined track is required. These options should be considered if tilt is

ltkely eg on a vesse l likely to roll.
Number of Fa lls of Chain

The lower capacity blocks (eg 500kg, It) lift the load on a single fall of load
chain . Higher capacity blocks may either be of simi lar design but with a larger
frame or may utilise two or more fa lls of load chain. The very high capacity
blocks may utilise a combination of a larger frame and multiple falls of load
chain and may even have two or more frames linked by a yoke. The various
configurations avai lable each have their own advantages and disadvantages
with regard to weight size, minimum drawn up dimension, hand chain effort
required and cost.
Grade of Components
Some load bearing components such as chains and hooks are graded according
to their performance and may vary between makes and models of blocks. The
higher the grade, the smaller and lighter the component wi ll be for a given safe
working load. Modem blocks use alloy chain of either grade T(8) or V( 10).
Such alloy chains are susceptible to Hydrogen embrittlement if exposed to
acidic conditions.
Slack Chain Collection
The majority of hand chain blocks are purchased without provision for storing
the slack chain, so that when the load hook is in a raised position, the slack
chain hangs free ly from the block forming a loop. In some applications this can
present a hazard, with the risk of the slack chain becoming caught on
obstructions or itself becoming a hazard to persons. A condition can also occur
where the brake is held open by the weight of the slack chain. Some
manufacturers and suppliers are able to offer a collecting box to house the
slack chain thereby minimising the risks.
Where a block is to be fitted with a load chain collecting box the fo llowing
points should be borne in mind:
(I) Chain is a load in itself and the uncontrolled fall of a length of chain
could inflict serious injury upon any personnel in its path, as well as
subjecting the block to a high shock load. To avoid this risk a load chain
collecting box must be properly designed for the job.
(2) It should be of adequate capacity for all the load chain when the bottom
hook is in the highest possible position, ie when the block is fully drawn
up. lf the box is of inadequate capacity, the chain wi ll spi ll over the edge

(3)

and, rather like a siphon, once this occ urs ALL the chain in the box will
be pulled out at an accelerating rate. A box of inadequate capacity may
also prevent the chain feeding properly into the load wheel causing a jam
or even failure of the chain.
Where moisture or condensation is likely, the box should be provided
with a suitab le drainage hole to prevent a build up of water. Conos ion
resistant materials shou ld be used for the construction and attachment of
the chain collecting box.

Note:
The collecting box may be known by other terms such as bucket or bag as
appropriate to the particular design .
Brake Mechanism
The block should be fitted with an automatic brake capab le of anesting and
susta ining the load. It should function at all loads down to a minimum of 5% of
the safe working load .
Slack Chain Anchorage
The slack end anchorage for the load chain shou ld be at least equal in strength
to 2.5 times the maximum tension in the load chain when the safe working load
is being lifted.
2.3 Types of lever hoists
A number of different makes are cunently available and in addition some
manufacturers produce more than one model. The following infonnation,
although of a general nature, gives guidance on the main options.
Type of Chain
Chain lever hoists are designed to emp loy one of two types of chain, fine
tolerance (calibrated) round steel link chain or roller chain. Due to the potential
corrosion problems, roller chain is unsuitable for use in the offshore
environment.
Brake Mechanism
The hoist should be fitted with an automatic brake capable of arresting and
sustaining the load. It shou ld function at all loads down to a minimum of 5% of
the safe working load.

Chain Retention
The load chain should be fitted with a stop at the free end large enough to prevent
it passing over the load wheel or with some other equally effective means of
preventing the chain from mnning out. The stop should be capable of
withstanding a load at least equal to 2.5 times the maximum tension in the load
chain when the safe working load is being lifted.

2.4

Alternatives to Hand Chain Blocks and Lever Hoists

One alternative to both items which should be cons idered, partic ularly for
underwater applications or those in the splash zone, is the wire rope j aw winch.
Some models have a degree of corrosion res istance and, although they all
require adequate lubrication, they cannot be over lubricated and no components
will suffer from contamination by lubricants.
If the app lication requires the load to be susta ined for a significant length of
time between the lifting and lowering operations, cons ideration should be
given to using other equipment to sustain the load as a block or hoist may
cmTode during the sustainin g period and be unsafe for a subsequent lifting or
lowering part of the operation. For example the load can be ' tied off with a
suitable wire rope sling. Alternatively consideration should be given to using
fi"es h eq uipment to take the load before releasing th e equipment which has
been sustaining it.

2.5

Haza rdous Conditions

The following is a list of the most common conditions known to present a

significant hazard and which may require special consideration when selecting
equipment:
( 1) Underwater and where seabed contaminants are present.
(2) Accelerated corrosion of components due to the matine/saliferous
conditi ons particu larly where both salt water and air are present, eg the
splash zone.
(3) Where inflammable material cou ld be ignited by a spark, particu larly in
exp losive or potentia lly explosive atmospheres.
(4) Near to a flare stack, turbine exhaust or hot condensate lines.
(5) Exposed to temperatures outside of the range C to 25C.
(6) Exposed to chemicals pat1icularly those likely to corrode meta ls and
ac idic environments eg drilling muds in the rig floor area .
(7) Where movement of the vessel or install ation imposes additional
dynamic loads on the equipment.

oo

(8)

When the load is low relative to the SWL and may be insufficient to
properly operate the brake. Generally loads of less than 10% of the SWL
shou ld not be li fted.

Section 3 Information and data requirements

3.1 Legal commentary
The essential legal requirements are:
(1) The equipment must be safe and suitable for its intended purpose. (See
HSW A Section 2)
(2) Manufacturers and suppliers must provide infonnation on the safe use of
their equipment. (See HSWA Section 6)
(3) Those obtaining equipment for others to use must ensure it is safe and
suitable for the intended purpose. (See HSWA Section 4)
(4) Employers must ensure that work equipment is on ly used for operations
for which, and under conditions for which it is suitable. (See PUWER
Regu lation 4)
To achieve those objectives the equipment must be properly specified, supplied
according to the specification, thoroughly examined before first use and
accompanied by the infonnation requ ired to use it safely. In practice the
specification is often decided j ointly by the purchaser and the supplier.
Sections 3.2, 3.4 and 3.4 identify the infonnation required and appendix C
provides a model data sheet for this purpose. A proper and sufficient exchange
of infonnation between the parties shou ld exist in order that, at the outset, the
correct and fit for purpose equ ipment can be supp lied.

3.2 Hand chain blocks - Information which should be provided by the

equipment specifier
As hand chain blocks are frequently used for miscellaneous lifting purposes,
precise details of the load to be lifted are not always avai lab le. ln these
circumstances only a general specification can be given and this should include
the following infom1ation:
(I) The safe working load.
(2) The maximum extended dimension.
(3) The maximum acceptab le drawn up dimension if headroom is important.
(4) The range oflift.
(5) The distance from the suspension level to the operating level. (This caters
for the situation where a hand chain which is shmier than the load chain
is required.)
10

(6)

(7)

The conditions of service and in particular any conditions which the user
suspects might be hazardous. See section 2.5 for guidance on known
hazardous conditions.
The type of suspension ie hook suspended or built into a trolley. In the
case of blocks with a bui lt in trolley, the information required for the
trolley is as follows:
(a) Type of trolley. If the trolley is for use where the runway is liable to
tilt, eg due to roll of a vessel , the nature and amount of movement
to be accommodated, whether movement under load is required and
whether a means of locking in position is required.
(b) Details of the runway beam section to which the trolley is to be
fitted. These details must be sufficient to fu lly identify the particular
rolled steel section or in the case of a fabricated section, the various
elements from which it is manufactured. In addition, details of
fixing bolts, clips, splices etc are required to ensure that they will
not foul the load bar, trolley wheels or anti-tilt device where fitted.
(c) If a geared trolley is specified, then the suspension and operating
levels are required so that the length of hand chain may be
detennined.

3.3 Chain lever hoists - Information which should be provided by the

equipment specifier
As chain lever hoists are frequently used for miscellaneous lifting purposes,
precise details of the load to be lifted are not always available. In these
circumstances only a general specification can be given and this should include
the following information:
(I) Intended application eg lifting, tensioning or pulling.
(2) The safe working load.
(3) The maximum extended dimension.
(4) The maximum acceptable drawn up dimension if headroom is important.
(5) The range of lift.
(6) The conditions of service and in particular any conditions which the user
suspects might be hazardous See section 2.5 for guidance on known
hazardous conditions.

3.4 Hand chain blocks and lever hoists - Information which should be
provided by the supplier
The following information should be provided to the purchaser and accompany
the equipment to the end user:
II

(I)

Copy of the last LOLER report of thorough examination. (For new

equipment this will be the report of thorough examination before first use
- see 4.2 below)

(2)

Instructions for use which should include the following infonnation:

(a) General purpose instructions.
(b) Any limitations or special requirements for use in hazardous
conditions.

Section 4 Thorough examination including verification testing

4.1 Legal commentary
Regulation 9 of LOLER (Sl 2307) requires lifting equipment to the thoroughly
examined before being taken into use for the first time, at intervals throughout
its life and after exceptional circumstances which may jeopardise safety have
occurred. The term ' thorough examination' includes any testing as is
appropriate.
If equipment is transferred from one undertaking to another, as typically
happens with hire equipment, the equipment must be accompanied by evidence
that the last thorough examination required by this regulation has been carried
out.
Regulation 9 permits some flexibility of the requirements depending upon the
particular circumstances but for the purposes of this code, the good practice set
out in 4.2 and 4.3 should be followed.
4.2 New equipment prior to supply
Although LOLER provides an exemption for new unused equipment for which
the employer has received an EC declaration of confonnity made out not more
that 12 months before the equipment is taken into service, due to the
exceptional conditions to which the equipment may be exposed, every block or
hoist should be thoroughly examined before fust use, including a light load test
and a proofload test.
The block or hoist should be examined by a competent person to check that it
has been assemb led correctly, the chain fitted conectly, the brake adjusted, that
all fastenings are secure and that the slack end anchor or chain stop is in place
and is adequate for its purpose.
12

The light load test to verifY that the brake will sustain the minimum required
load should be carried out with a load of2%- 5% of the SWL. The load should
be raised and lowered through a height of between 250 mm and 500 mm. To be
acceptable, when the hand chain or lever is released at any point during the
raising and lowering, the brake should hold the load.
Note:
Blocks which are fitted with sea ls may appear to hold the load by the brake,
when in fact it is being held by seal friction only. This condition does not meet
the acceptance criteria.
The proof load test should be carried out at the fo ll owing loads:
Up to 10 t SWL-150% ofthe SWL.
l 0 t to 20 t SWL- SWL + 5 t
over20 tSWL-125% ofSWL
The proof load may be applied by means of weights or hydraulically. If a
hydraulic testing machine is used it should be of such a design that the block or
hoist can be operated through the required distance whilst maintaining the
proof load within an accuracy of -0 + I 0% of the required load.
The load shou ld be lifted through such a height as will ensure that every part of
the block or hoist mechani sm and each tooth of the gearing comes under load.
To be acceptable, the block or hoist should sustain the load and, after removing
the load, the block or hoist should be visually examined and found free from
defects.
Whilst operated under load, the block or hoi st should operate smooth ly without
excessive noise or jumping, particularly any arising from poor fit of the load
chain in the load wheel pockets.

4.3 In-service equipment

Although LOLER permits a maximum period between thorough examinations
of twelve months, due to the exceptional conditions to which the equipment
may be exposed, every block or hoi st should be thoroughly examined at least
every six months or placed in quarantine and thoroughly examined before
being returned to service.
Prior to thorough examination the equipment should be subjected to thorough
maintenance in accordance with 6.3 and all components examined tn
13

accordance with 4.3 .I before being assembled and subjected to fina l test and
examination.
4.3 .I Examination of components
Prior to examination, the equipment should be stripped down to its component
pat1S, the components cleaned and any conosion, paint etc removed in
accordance with 6.3.
The components should be subjected to a visual examination canied out in
good light and, if relying on artificial light, a good local source, such as a work
bench light, shou ld be avai lab le. The examiner should also have a magnifying
glass avai lable .
For high stress critica l components such as hooks, the examiner shou ld have
access to a suitab le NDT processes, such as MPI or dye penetrant, which can
detect fme surface cracks.
Some equipment has permanently assemb led swivel hooks wh ich cannot be
dismantled for examination. Particu lar care must be taken when assessing the
condition of the hidden bearing area. Comparison with a new hook will provide
some indication of wear.
As well as checking the cond ition of the load chain and the load chain wheel ,
the examiner shou ld also check the fit of the two. This is best done with the
loadwhee l held in the hands and the load chain laid in place. The loadwheel is
then rotated slowly to feed the chain. Any mismatch will be evident as the
chain attempts to climb out of the wheel.
Check lists for the examination of b:ocks and hoists are appended to this code
as appendix A and B respectively.
4.3.2 Test and examination
After assembly, the block or hoist should be examined by a competent person
to check that it has been assembled conectly, the chain fitted conectly, the
brake adjusted, that all fastenings are secure and that the slack end anchor or
chain stop is in place and is adequate for its purpose.
The block or hoist shou ld then be subjected to a light load test and a safe
working load operational test. In addition, if any untested load bearing spare
parts have been fitted , it should be subjected to a proof load test.
14

The light load test to verify that the brake wi ll sustain the minimum required
load shou ld be carried out with a load of2%- 5% of the SWL. The load should
be raised and lowered through a height of between 250 mrn and 500 mm. To be
acceptable, when the hand chain or lever is released at any point during the
raising and lowering, the brake shou ld hold the load.
Note:
Blocks which are fitted with seals may appear to hold the load by the brake,
when in fact it is being held by seal friction only. This condition does not meet
the acceptance criteria.
The proof load test should be carried out at the following loads:
Up to 10 t SWL- 150% of the SWL
I 0 t to 20 t SWL- SWL + 5 t
over20 t SWL- 125% ofSWL
For both the safe working load operational test and the proof load test, the load
shou ld be lifted through such a height as wi ll ensure that every part of the
block or hoist mechanism and each tooth of the gearing comes under load. To
be acceptable, the block or hoist should sustain the load and, after removing the
load, the block or hoist should be visually examined and found free from
defects.
Whilst operated under load, the block or hoist should operate smoothly without
excessive noise or jumping, particularly any aris ing from poor fit of the load
chain in the load wheel pockets.

4.4

Records and reports

4.4.1 Internal job record

A record of all tests and examinations related to the alpha/numeric

identification of the equipment should be made contemporaneous with the
work being done.
The record shou ld identify the persons involved in the test and examination
and show the work done by each, whether the equipment passed or fai led and
be signed by those persons to authenticate their record.

15

For examinations of the components of in-service equipment, the record should

identify the person involved, whether the component passed or failed and be
signed by that person to authenticate the record.
4.4.2 Report of thorough examination
A report of thorough examination, based on and traceable to the record refened
to in 4.4. 1, and containing the information spec ified in Schedu le I of LOLER
should be issued.
Appendix D provides a model fmm of report for this purpose but it is emphasised
that this is only an example and any fonnat containing the specified u1fonnation
is acceptable.

Section 5 Requirements for transportation, storage and control

5.1 Preparation of equipment prior to despatch
The following steps should be taken to prepare the equ ipment prior to despatch
offshore:
(I) All band chain blocks and lever hoists should be thoroughly examined in
. accordance with section 4 of this code and have been found safe to
operate.
(2) A report of the thorough examination containin g the infonnation
specifi ed in Schedule I ofLOLER shou ld be issued.
(3) The equipment should be prepared for shipment by wrapping and
securing the chain(s) to prevent knotting/entanglement, placing it into a
container or securing it to a pallet and protecting it from damage and
corrosion eg by the use of a suitab le lubricant on chains and sluink
wrapping.
(4) The law requires that equipment be accompanied by:
(a) Physical evidence that the last thorough examination required by
Regulation 9 of LOLER bas been canied out. (See LOLER
Regulation 9) This should be complied with by providing a copy of
the report of thorough examination in accordance with Schedule I
ofLOLER;
(b) The instructions for use (See HSWA Section 6). These shou ld be

contained in a protective plastic sleeve and include this code.

Note : If severa l items are despatched together, a separate copy of
the code IS not necessary for every item.

16

(5)

At the quayside or customer stores, if the equipment is unpacked for

inspection, those responsible should ensure it is restored to its protected
despatched state comp lete with documentation before onward shipment.

5.2

Transportation and storage conditions

During transport to the offshore installation and whilst in store on the

installation, the equipment should be protected from exposure to any
conditions wnich may affect its ability to operate safely. In particular it shou ld
not be exposed to:
(I) Water/sea water.
(2) Temperatures higher than can be comfortably to lerated with the hand.
(3) Temperatures below freezing point.
(4) Solvents.
(5) CotTosive chemicals or fumes.
(6) Windblown dust, grit or sand.
The equipment should be stored in a purpose designated storage facility, eg a
rigging loft, where it can be kept secure from unauthorised use. This may be
either a transportab le containerised rigging loft or a controlled permanent
stores. Uncontrolled stores or stores accessible by personnel not authorised to
use lifting equ ipment shou ld not be used.
The equipment shou ld be stored on suitab le racks in a manner wh ich prevents
accidental mechanical damage.
The storage facility should include a secure quarantine area for storing
equipment no longer fit for further service.
5.3 Management of issue and return to store
In this section, the term 'nominated person' is used to identify a person who
shou ld be responsible for issue and return of equipment, inspection of
equipment between thorough examinations to check whether it remains fit for
service and some maintenance/repairs. It is not intended to restrict those
responsibilities to a single person and it is recognised that, depending on the
type of facility, staffing levels, sh ift patterns etc one or more people may. be
involved. However in all cases the persons involved should be adequately
trained fo r whatever pa1i of the work they undertake and any records shou ld
identify the particular person involved. See also section 6 which uses the term
in the same context.
17

The storage facility should be controlled by a nominated person who is

responsible for recording the issue and return of all equipment. No one other
than the nominated person should be permitted to issue equipment from the
store.
All equipment should have a unique alpha/numeric identification.
Within the equipment store there should be a documented record of the
equipment containing the following information:
( 1) Alpha/numeric identification.
(2) Description including:
make;
model;
SWL;
height of lift;
and additionally for hand chain blocks:
if not hook suspension, the type of suspension/trolley;
if hand chain length not matched to load chain, the
operating level height.
(3) Report number of relevant LOLER report of thorough examination.
(4) Date, stated in report referred to in (3), by which the next thorough
examination must be carried out
There should also be available within the store area for reference a copy of the
instructions for use of the equipment and a copy of this code.
The person wishing to obtain equipment from the store should have
authorisation for the use of such equipment and should present it to the
nominated person. The authorisation should give an estimate of the length of
time the equipment will be reqnired. Equipment should not be issued unless
authorisation is produced.
The nominated person should select the specified equipment, make a record,
related to the above equipment record, showing the dates of issue for use and
return of all equipment. The record should identifY the person and, if
appropriate the department/contractor/location to whom tbe equipment is
issued and be signed by the person to whom it is issued. It should also be
signed by the nominated person at the time of issue to confirm that it is fit for
service at the time of issue.

18

If the specified equipment is not available, the person wishing to obtain the
equipment should seek new authorisation for any alternative equipment.
Alternative equipment should not be issued without authorisation.
There should be a clear instruction from the nominated person to the person
obtaining the equipment that they are responsible for ensuring it is used only
for the purpose for which it is authorised and retumed to the store after
completing the job and that it should not be left unsecured or available for
unauthorised persons to use.
ln the event of a shift or crew change whilst work is in progress, there should
be a hand over procedure to fotmally pass responsibility on .
The nominated person should, so far as is reasonably practicable, actively
monitor equipment taken from stores and not returned within the time
estimated to ensure that it is not left unsecured or available for unauthori sed
persons to use and to take steps to recover it if it is so found.
On return to stores, the nominated person on duty should enquire whether there
are any operational problems with it (eg brake slipping, not operating
smoothly, jumping under load, excessive effort required), or whether it has
been exposed to exceptional circumstances eg chem ical contamination or
overload. The person responsible for the equipment whilst it was in use should
repot1 if such be the case and the nominated person should immediately label it
as unfit for service and note the problem repot1ed. lf the problem cannot be
rectified within the nominated person 's remit, it should be placed in the secure
quarantine store immediately.
All other equipment returned to stores should be cleaned if required and
inspected as detailed in section 5.5 by the nominated person and, if fit for
service, returned to the available for use racks. Equipment found not fit for
serv ice should be labelled as unfit for service and placed in the secure
quarantine store immediately.
If equipment carmot be cleaned and inspected at the time of return to stores, it
should be labelled as awaiting inspection and placed in the secure quarantine
store inunedi ately until such time as it can be done .
It is recommended that a visible record system, such as aT card system, is used

to indicate the availability and serviceability status of all equipment in the

19

store, equipment which bas been issued and is out of store and the dates of
issue and return together with details of whom it was issued to and , if issued
for use in hazardous conditions, the nature of those conditions.

5.4 Cleaning of equipment

Equipment returned to store should be checked for contaminants and cleaned if
necessary prior to inspection and further storage.
Equipment used sub-sea or which has been exposed to sea water splash/spray
should be washed with fresh water without pressure. Pressurised jets should
not be used as they can remove essential lubricants or cause them to migrate to
brake components which should be fiee of lubricant.
After washing the equipment should be dried without the application of direct
heat.
"Equipment should not be immersed into lubricant, diesel etc in an attempt to
displace water as this will allow lubricant into the brake components.
The equipment should not be dismantled for cleaning except by an authorised
competent person. However non-load bearing gear covers may be removed by
suitably trained personnel to provide access to wash, dry and lubricate gears.
Such covers should be replaced correctly immediately afterwards.
The load chain may be lubricated.
The pawl pivot and spring may be lubricated if clearly visible and accessible
without dismantling. Care should be taken to avoid any lubricant entering the
brake components and, as a precaution, before applying the lubricant the brake
should be closed by operating the equipment in the hoisting direction.
For a list of suitable lubricants for the various parts of the equipment see
section 6.4 Only these approved lubricants should be used. lf other types of
lubricants have to be used, then this should only be done with the approval of
the equipment supplier.

5.5 Inspection prior to and following use

With the exception of equipment quarantined as unserviceable, all equipment
in the store should previously have been inspected and found to be tit for

20

service. At the time of issue from the store all equipment should be inspected
by the nominated person to ensure it has not deteriorated during storage.
The equipment should therefore be checked for correct operation bearing in
mind that some components may have seized due to corrosion. In particular the
equipment should function freely and smoothly in both hoisting and lowering
directions, the brake should engage and release smoothly, the ratchet pawl
should operate freely and on lever hoists, the lever reversing pawl selector and
hand wheel should operate freely.
On return to stores, after any cleaning and drying but before lubrication, the
nominated person should inspect the equipment for defects arising from use in
service. ln particular the following should be looked for:
Hand chain blocks
(I) The load chain is worn or damaged. In particular, attention should be
given to the wear which occurs on the bearing surfaces inside of the links
and to damage in the fonn of bent, notched, stretched or corroded links.
The chain should articulate freely. In certain circumstances, very rapid
wear of the load chain can develop, which is characterised by a rough
appearance on mating surfaces inside ofthe links.
(2) The load chain sprocket should be checked for debris in the pockets. Any
build up of debris will prevent the load chain from seating correctly and
should be removed.
(3) Obvious signs of ' opening out' of hooks, that is any noticeable increase in
the throat opening, or any other fonn of distortion in the hooks or
suspension fittings.
(4) Missing or damaged hook safety catch.
(5) Obvious signs of damage to the slack end anchor which connects the load
chain to the block casing or to the load chain stop where one is fitted.
(6) The hand chain is worn or damaged, particularly on the bearing surfaces on
the inside of the links, or is corroded, bearing in mind possible damage to
the operative's hands.
(7) The alpha/numeric identification or the safe working load markings are not
clearly visible.
(8) General damage to the block body, including any gear covers or chain
guides.

21

Lever hoist
(I) The load chain is worn or damaged. In particular, attention should be
given to the wear which occurs on the bearing surfaces inside of the links
and to damage in the fonn of bent, notched, stretched or corroded links.
The chain should articulate freely. In certain circumstances, very rapid
wear of link type load chain can develop which is characterised by a rough
appearance on mating surfaces inside of the links.
(2) The load chain wheel should be checked for debris in the pockets. Any
build up of debris will prevent the load chain from seating correctly and
should be removed.
(3) Obvious signs of 'open ing out' of hooks, that is any noticeable increase
in the throat opening, or any other fmm of distortion in the hooks or
suspension fittings.
(4) Missing or damaged hook safety catch.
(5) Obvious signs of damage to the load chain stop or the chain anchor which
connects the load chain to the lever hoist casing, whichever is applicable.
(6) The alpha/numeric identification or the safe working load markings are not
clearly visible.
(7) General damage to the lever hoist body, including any gear covers,
breaking of overload protection devices, conhols or chain guides, and in
pa11icular to the operating lever wh ich could indicate a previous
overloading.

If any of the above are found they should be rectified if within the nominated
person's remit.
Note:
The remit should not permit the dismantling of the load bearing components of
the equipment or of the brake. See section 5.1

If any of the above are found and cannot be rectified, the equipment shou ld be
labelled as unfit for service and placed in the secure quarantine store
immed iately.
If the person returning the equipment to the store reports that, when operated
under load, there is any jumping or excessive noise of either the hand chain or
load chain, any undue effort is required or any visible slipping of the brake, the
equipment should be labelled as unfit for service and placed in the secure
quarantine store immediately.
22

The nominated person should make a signed and dated record of the inspection
and any rectification work clearly indicating if the equipment is fit for further
service.
5.6 Quarantine of unserviceable equipment
Any equipment found not fit for further service for whatever reason should be
labelled as unfit for service with reasons why and placed in the secure
quarantine store inunediately.
Such equipment should not be issued for service under any circumstances until
it has been repaired and subject to thorough examination by a competent
person under the provisions of Regulation 9 of LOLER and a report,
complying with Regulation I 0 and Schedule I of LOLER, has been issued
stating that the equipment is safe to operate.
Equipment labelled as awaiting inspection may be returned to service if found
fit for service following inspection by the nominated person.

Section 6 Maintenance
6.1 Legal commentary
There is a general requirement in PUWER (SI 2306) Regulation 5 to ensure
that work equipment is maintained in an efficient state, in efficient working
order and in good repair. The efficiency and safety of hand chain blocks and
chain lever hoi sts is very dependent upon:
(I)
(2)
(3)

Them being free of contaminants and corrosion which cause components

to seize.
Them being suitably lubricated and the lubricant kept away from the
brake.
Components liable to wear and deterioration being replaced before their
condition becomes dangerous .

In the offshore environment, all three of these matters requires regu lar
attention. Whi lst basic maintenance and minor repairs can often be made at the
storage facility, to deal with these matters adequately, the equipment should
periodically be taken to a maintenance facility with suitable equipment and
tra in~d personne l who can carry out the work.

23

6.2 Maintenance whilst in store offshore

In this section, the term ' nominated person' is used to identify a person who
should be responsible for issue and return of equipment, in spection of
equipment between thorough examinations to check whether it remains fit for
service and some maintenance/repairs. It is not intended to restrict those
responsibilities to a single person and it is recognised that, depending on the
type of facility, staffmg levels, shift patterns etc one or more people may be
involved. However in all cases the persons involved should be adequately
trained for whatever part of the work they undertake and any records shou ld
identify the particular person involved. See also section 5 which uses the term
in the same context.
Any maintenance carried out whilst in store offshore should be under the
control of the nominated person.
The nominated person should be given a clear written remit about what repairs
may be undertaken by him without affecting the integrity of the equipment to
the extent that it must undergo thorough examination.
The remit shou ld not permit the dismantling of the load bearing components of
the equipment or of the brake.
6.3 Periodic maintenance
The fo llowing good practice should be followed:

6.3.1 Dismantling
The equipment should always be stripped down to its component parts.
6.3 .2 Retention of identity
The component parts for a particular block or hoist should retain their
identity and not be mixed with similar components from other blocks or
hoists. This is necessary to ensure an accurate history of the equ ipment
and may be achieved by, for example, putting the parts into an individual
storage box.
The manufacturer' s plate should not be removed. If it becomes damaged
it should be replaced with a genuine spare and the information
transferred. If a supplier's plate is fitted , it should be in addition to the
manufacturer's plate.
24

6.3.3 Cleaning of components

The components should be thoroughly cleaned by an appropriate process.
The processes used should not be detrimental to the components nor
should they tend to hide defects . Therefore, for example, acids must not
be used as they may cause hydrogen embrittlement of chain. In general a
chemical wash to remove lubricants and contaminants, followed by a
li ght grit blast to remove paint and corrosion is appropriate although for
chain, dry rumbling is preferred to grit blasting.
6.3.4 Examination of components
Following cleaning the components should be visually examined for
defects in accordance with 4.3 .I and any found faulty replaced.

If there is any doubt about the condition of the brake disks, new ones
should be fitted.
6.3 .5 Quality of replacement components
Any replacement components should be suitable for their purpose. In
general, components should be to the same specification as those in the
equipment when first supplied by the original equipment supplier unless
subseq uently superseded by components of improved specification which
make them more suitable for use in the offshore environment, in which
case the later specification should be used.
Particular care should be taken with brake disks as disks of comparable
size and appearance may be made of different material and not perform to
the same standard.
The load chain should be the correct grade, size and fit. The grade can be
identified from manufacturer's marks on the links at intervals, generally
every 20th link. As well as being of the correct nominal size, the pitch
should also be checked as, for any given size, there may be small
variations in pitch to match the chain to a particular design of pocket
wheel.
The hand chain should also be of the correct size and fit.

25

6.3.6 Treatment to resist corrosion and lubrication

After examination and before assembly, the components to be used
should be treated to resist corrosion and, where appropriate, lubri cated.
See section 6.4 for suitable lubricants.
The working faces of the brake should be left clean and dry and not
treated or lubricated in any way. The volume of lubricant on other
components should be such that it will not work or migrate from these
components onto the faces of the brake unit under operational conditions.
In general, the surface of all other components liable to corrode should be
treated.

Except for bearing surfaces, the frame or body of the block or hoist, both
sides of all covers, the hand chain wheel or lever and the .top and bottom
hooks should be painted.
All surfaces of gears and shafts and the bearing sutfaces of other
components should be coated with a suitable lubricant to serve the dual
purpose of protection and lubrication (see section 6.4 for suitab le
lubricants ).
For convenience of working, the chains may be lubricated after assembly.
6.3. 7 Records of maintenance and repair
A record related to the alpha/numeric identification of the equipment
should be kept of the maintenance and repairs done and any eomponents
replaced.
The record should be made contemporaneous with the work being done.

6.4

Suitable lubricants

The lubricants used should be chosen to suit the specific application if known.
For all other applications, the following two types of lubricant should be used:
( l)

A water tolerant grease suitable for gears and bearings and the
temperature range likely to be found during shipment, storage and use .
For example Shell Alvania WR 2.

26

(2)

A wax based lubricant I corrosion protective product which can be

applied by dipping or spray to the chains.
For example Shell Ens is SX.

COSHH data should be obtained for all lubricants used and, where necessary,
control measures identified.

Section 7 Historical records

7.1 Records to be kept for the life of the equipment
The EC declaration of conformity, cross referenced to the alph a/numeric
identification of the equipment, should be kept by the owner of the equipment
for so long as the equipment is available for use.
The instmctions for use provided by the manufacturer should also be kept by
the owner of the equ ipment for so long as the equipment is availab le for use.
For equipment where safety depends upon the installed conditions, the report
of thorough examination fo llowin g installation which states that it has been
installed correctly and is safe to operate should be kept by the emp loyer until
he ceases to use the equipment at the place it was installed.

7.2

Records to be kept for a limited period

The following records cross referenced to the alpha/numeric identification of

the equ ipment shou ld be kept by the person responsible for making them for at
least the periods shown:
Record
( l ) Report of thorough exam in ation

Minimum Period
Two years or until next such report is
issued wh ichever is the longer

(2)

In -service issue and return

Until equipment is withdrawn from

serv ice
for
maintenance
and
thorough examination*

(3)

In-service inspection record

Until equipment is withdrawn from

service
for
maintenance
and
thorough examination*
27

(4)

Maintenance record

Two years or four maintenance

periods whichever is the longer

For hire equipment transferred from one undertaking to another, the copy of
the report of thorough examination referred to in 5.1(4)(a) shou ld be kept until
the equ ipment is withdrawn from service or returned off hire.
*If the equ ipment has been withdrawn fiom service fo llowing an incident,
these records shou ld be retained until after the incident has been investigated.

Section 8 Planning the lifting operation and safe use of hand chain blocks
and lever hoists
The LEEA Code of Practice for the Safe Use of Lifting Equipment, edition 7
dated May 2009 provides general guidance on planning the lifting operation in
Section I Appendix I. 7 and information for the safe use of hand operated chain
blocks and lever hoists in sections 2 and 3 respectively.
Because of the number of different makes of blocks and hoists currently
available, the information in th e Code is of a general nature only and the
limitations of use may vary from one make or model to another. Therefore in
formu lating policy on safe use, the manufacturer' s instructions should always
be taken into account.
The fo llowing restrictions on use should always apply:
(I)

Never use equipment which does not have a current report of thorough
examination, stating that it is safe to operate.

(2)

Never use equipment that has been withdrawn fiom service and
quarantined due to a defect.

(3)

Always inspect the equipment before use and do not use it if any of the
fo llowing defects are fo und :
(a) The load chain is heavily corroded or damaged. In par1icu lar,

attention should be given to damage in the form of bent,

notched or

stretched links. The chain should articu late fieely.

(b)

28

Obvious signs of 'opening out' of hooks, that is any noticeab le

mcrease rn the throat openmg often indicated by the position of the

safety latch, or any other form of distortion in the hooks or

suspension fittings.
(c)

Obvious signs of damage to the slack end anchor which connects

the load chain to the block casing or to the load chain stop where
one is fitted. The anchorage or load chain stop must be of at least
equal strength as the chain to prevent accidental nm out.

(d)

On a hand chain block, the band chain is corroded or damaged ,

bearing in mind possible injury to the operative's hands. On a lever
hoist the operating lever is distorted which could indicate a previous
overloading.

(e)

General damage to the block or hoist body, including any gear

covers, breaking of overload protection devices, controls or chain
guides

(f)

When operated under load there is any jumping or excessive noise

of either the hand chain or lever or load chain, any undue effort is
required or any visible slipping of the brake.

(4)

Never use the load chain to sling the load, ie do not wrap the chain
around the load and back hook it or pass the chain through the load so
that it lies across an edge or corner of the load. The load chain should
always be free to take up a straight line under load.

(5)

Ensure that tbe top arid bottom hooks are free to articulate in their
respective connection points so that the block or hoist is free to take up a
straight line under load.

(6)

Never overload the equipment. If more than one block or hoist are used to
lift or lower a load, the plan for the lifting operation should ensure that
the load imposed on each is never more than its SWL. In particular care
should be taken in planning the lowering operation when lowering on one
block or hoist transfers the load to others.

(7)

Never extend the handle of a lever hoist with a tube or similar implement
to increase the leverage nor apply any method of power drive to a hand
chain block or lever hoist. The majority of band chain blocks and lever
hoists are designed to be capable of operation by a single person. lf it is

29

found that additional effort is required then either the equipment is

overloaded or is in need of maintenance and shou ld be withdrawn from
service. That is not to prec lude the use of two persons which may be
found advantageous in some app lications but is to indicate the degree of
operating effort nonnally required.
(8)

Do not attempt to lift a load of less than 10% of the SWL of the hand
chain block or lever hoist. This is because the brake relies on the torque
generated by the load. Under test the brake is checked down to 5% of the
SWL but prolonged storage and exposure to hot or cotTosive atmospheres
can affect the efficiency of the brake.

(9)

If equ ipment is to be left in place sustaining a load in environmental

conditions where heat or rapid corrosion can occur, the li fttng plan should
recognise that the brake may not function CO!Tectly or efficiently when
the time comes to lower the load. Alternative methods of sustaining the
load or the use of fresh equ ipment to take over and lower the load shou ld
always be considered.

Section 9 Training and competency

9.1 Legal Commentary
There is a general duty on emp loyers under Section 2 of the Hea lth and Safety
at Work Act 1974 wh ich includes:
"the provision of such infom1ation, instruction, training and supervision as is
necessary to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the health and safety at
work of his employees"
Regu lation 8 ofLOLER requires:
{I) Eve1y employer shall ensure that eve1y lifting operation involving lifting
equipment is{a) properly planned by a competent person;
(b) appropriately supervised; and
{c) carried out in a safe manner

and paragraph 210 ofthe ACoP states:

30

"21 0 The person p lanning the operation should have adequate practical and
theoretical knowledge and experience of planning lifting operations."
The guidance recognises

that the competent person required

to cany out the

planning is unlikely to be the same person refeiTed to in regulation 9. However,

whilst the ACoP and gu idance give much useful advice about p lanning and
canying out the lifting operation, it does not add much about the knowledge
which the p lanner and the operatives should have. Section 9.2 below lists the
essential knowledge each shou ld have.

9.2 Essential knowledge for the planner and operatives

The planner shou ld be fami liar with :
(I) Legislative requirements particularly:
(a) general duties of employees at work
(b) duties of employers to emp loyees
(c) PUWER
(d) LOLER
(e) HSE Technical guidance on the safe use of li fting equipment
offshore ref HSG221
(2) Industry codes and guidance, pa11icularly:
(a) the LEEA code of practice for the safe use of li fting equipment
(b) this code
(3) Principles of selecting blocks and hoists for use in the offshore
envirol1111ent
(4) Princip les of risk assessment and duties in this respect under the
Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999
(5) lnfom1ation to be contained in a lifting operation plan
(6) Operative training requirements and operative registration schemes eg
SHE, SCAT
(7) PPE requirements
The operative shou ld be fami liar with:
(I) Legislative requirements particularly the general duties of employees at
work
(2) Industry codes and guidance, particularly:
(a) the LEEA code of practice for the safe use of lifting equipment
(b) this code
(3) Control and issue procedures

31

(4)

(5)
(6)
(7)

(8)

Inspection procedures:
(a) pre-use
(b) post-use
Reporting of equipment fa ults
Bas ic slin ging practices
Methods of estab lishing:
(a) we ight of load
(b) position ofC ofG
(c) positioning and suitability oflifting points
Reporting of inc idents and accidents

Regu lation 9 of LOLER requires that the thorough examination, inc ludin g the
appropriate testing, is carried out by a competent person. The term is not
defined within the regu lations, but paragraph 294 of the ACoP states:
"294 You should ensure that the person carrying out a thorough examination
has such appropriate practical and theoretical knowledge and experience of the
lifting equipment to be thoroughly examined as wi ll enable them to detect
defects or weaknesses and to assess their importance in relation to the safety
and continued use of the lifting equipment."
Paragraph 295 of the guidance adds the following:
"295 It is essential that the competent person is sufficiently independent and
impartial to a llow objective decisions to be made. This does not mean that
competent persons must necessarily be employed from an external company. If
employers and others within their own organ isations have the necessary
competence then they can use it. However, if they do, they must ensure that
their ' in-house' examiners have the genui ne authority and independence to
ensure that examinations are properly carried out and that the necessary
recommendations arising from them are made without fear or favour."

32

Appendix A - Check list for thorough examination of band chain blocks

(I)

Prior to examination, the equipment should be stripped down to its

component parts, the components cleaned and any corrosion, paint etc
removed in accordance with section 6.3.

(2)

Hand wheel cover

- examine cover for cracks, distortion and broken parts
- check it allows free running of hand chain wheel

(3)

Hand chain
-examine hand chain for wear, nicks and corrosion
- check pitch of hand chain in hand chain wheel

(4)

Hand chain wheel

- examine hand chain wheel for wear and damage
- examine machined thread for wear and damage

(5)

Brake assembly
- examine splines, threads and ratchet teeth for wear and damage
- examine brake component surfaces and ensure they are smooth and flat
- check fit of ratchet ring bush and screw~d sleeve
- check condition of pawls and pawl springs and ensure pawls operate
freely
- check brake discs and, if in doubt, replace with new

(6)

Load chain dead end anchor pin

- examine anchor pin(s) and links for strength, security, distortion and
wear (note that this shou ld be at least equa l in strength to 2.5 times the
tension in the load chain at SWL)

(7)

Bottom hook
-examine load pin for distortion and wear
-check that the hook swivels freely and there is no excessive wear on the
shank
- check hook for stretch, distortion and wear
- check that safety latch is present and operates correctly

(8)

Gear cover
-examine for cracks, distortion and broken parts
33

(9)

Spur gears, drive pinion and shaft

- examine all gears for wear, fracture and alignment
-examine drive pinion for damage and distortion
- check shaft for straightness

(1 0) Load chain
- check that chain is of correct grade (normally embossed every 20th link)
- examine and measure load chain checking for bent, notched, stretched,
wom or corroded links
(11) Intemal fiame side plates
- examine body plates for alignment and ensure they are free from wear
and distortion
- examine load pin holes for signs of wear and stretch
- where applicable, check top hook yoke and cross bar for wear and
distortion
(12) Top hook
- examine load pin for distortion and wear
- check that the hook swivels freely and there is no excessive wear on the
shank
- check hook for stretch, distortion and wear
- check that safety latch is present and operates correctly
(13) Chain rollers , chain guide and chain shipper
-examine chain roller and pin for wear and damage
- examine chain guide for wear and damage
- examine chain stripper for wear and damage
(14) Load chain pocket wheel
- check load chain pockets for wear and damage, ensuring satisfact01y
seating of load chain in pockets
( 15) Bearings
- examine all bearings I bushes for wear
- check smoothness of operation

34

(16) Mu lti-fall blocks

- check all load chain reeving sprockets for wear and ensure they rotates
free ly
- check all associated bearings and pins
- check all sprocket frames for wear, damage and distortion
( 17) General
- check that all components are suitab le for their purpose and have not
been replaced by inadequate substitutes

35

Appendix B - Check list for the thorough examination of lever hoists

(I)

Prior to examination, the equipment shou ld be stripped down to its

component parts, the co.mponents cleaned and any conosion, paint etc
removed in accordance with section 6.3.

(2)

Lever assembly
- examine lever and hand wheel for cracks, distmtion and broken pa1ts
- check conect operation of pawl changing mechanism
- examine pawl for wear
- examine fit of pawl to stud
- examine pawl springs for corros ion and fractures

(3)

Brake assemb ly
- examine splines, threads and ratchet teeth for wear and damage
- exam ine brake component surfaces and ensure they are smooth and flat
- check fit of ratchet ring bush and screwed sleeve
- check condition of pawls and pawl springs and ensure pawls operate
free ly
- check brake discs and, if in doubt, replace with new

(4)

Load chain dead end ring or stopper

examine anchor ring or stopper for strength, security, distortion and
wear (note that this should be at least equa l in strength to 2.5 times the
tension in the load chain at SWL)

(5)

Bottom hook
- examine load pin for distortion and wear
- check that the hook swivels free ly and there is no excess ive wear on the
shank
- check hook for stretch, distortion and wear
- check that safety latch is present and operates conectly

(6)

Gear cover
- examine for cracks, distortion and broken pa1ts

(7)

Spur gears, drive pinion and shaft

- examine all gears for wear, fracture and ali gnment
-examine drive pinion for damage and distortion
- check shaft for straightness

36

(8)

Load chain
-check that chain is of correct grade (normally embossed every 20th link)
- examine and measure load chain checking for bent, notched, stretched,
worn or corroded links

(9)

Internal frame side plates

- examine body plates for alignment and ensure they are free from wear
and distortion
- examine load pin holes for signs of wear and stretch
- where applicable, check top hook yoke and cross bar for wear and
di stortion

( l 0) Top hook
- examine load pin for distortion and wear
- check that the hook swivels freely and there is no excess ive wear on the
shank
- check hook for stretch, distortion and wear
- check that safety latch is present and operates correctly
( 11) Chain rollers, chain guide and chain stripper
- examine chain roller and pin for wear and damage
- examine chain guide for wear and damage
- examine chain stripper for wear and damage
( 12) Load chain pocket wheel
- check load chain pockets for wear and damage, ensuring satisfactory
seating ofload chain in pockets
(13) Bearings
- examine all bearings I bushes for wear
- check smoothness of operation
( 14) Multi-fall hoists
- check all load chain reeving sprockets for wear and ensure they rotates
freely
- check all associated bearings and pins
- check all sprocket frames for wear, damage and distortion

37

(15) General
- check that all components are su itable for their purpose and have not
been replaced by inadequate substitutes

38

Appendix C - Model data sheet to identify equipment required and

conditions of use
It is recommended that a data sheet is used to specify the equipment required.
The following model data sheet can be used by the enquirer/purchaser to
specify and obtain the information referred to in sections 3.2, 3.3 and 3.4 and
by the supplier to specify what is offered for sale or hire including any
limitations on its use and special maintenance requirements. Additional
infonnation such as dates, enquiry or purchase order numbers, documentary
requirements, signatures of acceptance/approval etc may be added as required.
Technical and Operational Requirements to be Specified by the Enquirer or Purchaser
The Equipment Required

Hand Chain Block

Lever Hoist

Safe workino load

tonnes

tonnes

Minimum A dimension required

metres

metres

Maximum B dimension required

metres

metres

Minimum C dimension required

metres

metres

D dimension required

metres
Yes

I No

Chain box required

Yes

I No I

Overload orotection required

Yes

Built in trolley required (if yes,

state type and beam section)

I No

I
I

Yes

I No

The Location and Conditions of Use

Site

RiQ

Platform

Mono hull

Zone explosive rating

Non-hazardous

Zone 1

Zone2

Operating tempe rature

Below so C

Operatina zone

Sub-sea

so c to 30 C

Above 30 C

I I Splash zone I IDrilling fioor I IDry location I

Equipment proposed by the supplier

Name of supplier
Make

I Model I

Ito number I

Limitations of use

Special requirements

39

II
Iexle~ded

I
I
I
I

I dimension

I
I
I

40

c
range

of lift

I
I

'-../

Appendix D - Model report of thorough examination of lifting equipment

REPORT OF A THOROUGH EXAMINATION OF LIFTING EQUIPMENT
Thi s report comp lies with the LiftinQ Operations and LiftinQ Equipment Requlation s 1998
Date of thorough examination :
Report number:
Date of report:

Name and address of employer fo r whom the

thorough examination was made:

Add ress of premises at which the examination

was made:

Description and identification of the

equ ipment:

Safe work ing

load(s):

Is th is the first examination after installation or after assembly

at a new site or location?
If th e answer to the above question is YES , has the
equipment been installed correctly?
Was the examination carried out:
with in an interval of 6 months?
within an interval of 12 months?
in accordance with an examination scheme?
after the occurrence of exceptional circumstances?

Date of
manufacture if
known:

Date of last
thorough
exa mination :

YES

NO

YES

NO

YES
YES
YES
YES

NO
NO
NO
NO

Identification of any part found to have a defect which is or cou ld become a danger to persons
and a description of the defect: (If none state NONE)

Is the above a defect wh ich is of immediate danger to

person s?

YES

NO

~a~;e~~g~~~g;!~ct(~~~~ i~t~?~ (~~ ~~t;~~~~~~g)me a

YES by:

NO

Particulars of any repair , renewal or alteration required to remedy the defect identified above:

Particulars of any tests ca rri ed out as part of the examination: (If none state NONE)

IS T HIS EQUI PMENT SAFE TO OPERATE?

Name of the person

making this report:

Name of the person

authenticating this report:

YES

NO

Latest date by which next thorough

examination must be ca rried out:

Signature:
Name and address of employer of persons making and authenticating this report:

XYZ Lifting Equipment Co Ltd, Any Street, Any Town, Any County

41