Appendix:High speed camera specification

Model
Sensor
Recording rate(fps)

Dalsa ca d6-0512
CCD array up to 532 x 512 pixels,
4 outputs at 25 MHz: frame rates to
955 or 262 frames/sec

Lens mounts

M6Z1212-3S
2/3" 12.5-75mm f1.2 6X Manual
Zoom, Manual Iris (C-Mount).

Steps:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

First, connect the camera to computer and turn on the camera.

Open the EPIX xcap lite 3.8 software.
Click on Live option in software to see the live picture on computer.
Adjust focus of high-speed camera until the image is clear.
Turn on the inlet of water and fill the column upto 60 cm.
Turn on the light and turn the air control value to make bubbles rising from
the needle.
7. Select the region of 7x7 squares (28cm from bottom) as your research object
and capture continuous images of rising bubbles at two different flow rates.
(EPIX XCAP lite software captures images in grey scale).
8. Save all the images in single folder.
Image processing
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Read image file from folder in Matlab 2015a software.

Remove uneven background distribution and adjust the contrast of image.
Convert grey scale image into RGB scale image.
Open the color Thresholder app and load the converted RGB scale image.
Change the RGB image into Binary image by choosing appropriate threshold.
Threshold can set by moving slider of threshold level.
6. Load the Binary image into workspace.
7. Fill the holes of Binary image.
8. Remove smaller bubbles (Those bubbles whose area are less than 30 pixel 2)
of Binary image.
9. Open the Image Region Analyzer app and Load the modified Binary Image.
10.Calculate the Properties of Bubbles by Image Region Analyzer app.
11.Create array of properties by Image Region Analyzer app and load in
workspace (Image Region analyzer app create Structure array of properties).
12.Convert Structure array into matrix array

13.Calculate the sum of perimeter

Conclusion:The effect of the superficial gas velocity on the bubble size is studied in a bubble
column reactor using image processing techniques. The morphological operations of
background subtraction and contrast of image on the captured images followed by
the binary image conversion and some other operation result in a convenient
approach to measure the properties of bubbles in bubble column reactor. Gas-liquid
interfacial area of two dimension flat bubble column reactor is calculated as length
of bubbles per unit area of image. Perimeter and surface area of bubbles increases
as gas flow rate increases thus interfacial area also increases.

Appendix:-

High speed camera specification

Model
Sensor
Recording rate(fps)

Dalsa ca d6-0512
CCD array up to 532 x 512 pixels,
4 outputs at 25 MHz: frame rates to
955 or 262 frames/sec

Lens mounts

M6Z1212-3S
2/3" 12.5-75mm f1.2 6X Manual
Zoom, Manual Iris (C-Mount).

Steps:9. First, connect the camera to computer and turn on the camera.
10.Open the EPIX xcap lite 3.8 software.
11.Click on Live option in software to see the live picture on computer.
12.Adjust focus of high-speed camera until the image is clear.
13.Turn on the inlet of water and fill the column upto 60 cm.
14.Turn on the light and turn the air control value to make bubbles rising from
the needle.
15.Select the region of 7x7 squares (28cm from bottom) as your research object
and capture continuous images of rising bubbles at two different flow rates.
(EPIX XCAP lite software captures images in grey scale).
16.Save all the images in single folder.
Image processing
14.Read image file from folder in Matlab 2015a software.
15.Remove uneven background distribution and adjust the contrast of image.
16.Convert grey scale image into RGB scale image.
17.Open the color Thresholder app and load the converted RGB scale image.
18.Change the RGB image into Binary image by choosing appropriate threshold.
Threshold can set by moving slider of threshold level.
19. Load the Binary image into workspace.
20.Fill the holes of Binary image.
21.Remove smaller bubbles (Those bubbles whose area are less than 30 pixel 2)
of Binary image.
22.Open the Image Region Analyzer app and Load the modified Binary Image.
23.Calculate the Properties of Bubbles by Image Region Analyzer app.
24.Create array of properties by Image Region Analyzer app and load in
workspace (Image Region analyzer app create Structure array of properties).
25.Convert Structure array into matrix array
26.Calculate the sum of perimeter

(Zaruba and Krepper et al.(2005) have used high-speed video observation to make study on
bubble motion in a rectangular column and an individual bubble in the gas swarm could be
tracked.)
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