ANALOG ELECTRONICS LAB

EXPERIMENT-03

HALF WAVE RECTIFIER

AIM: To study Half Wave Rectifier and to calculate ripple factor, efficiency and
regulation with filter and without filter.
COMPONENTS REQUIRED:

Sl. No.

Components Details

Specification

1.

Diodes

BY127

2.

Capacitor

0.1f, 470f

3.

Power Resistance Board

4.

Step down Transformer

5.

CRO, Multimeter, Milliammeter, Connecting Board

Qty
1 No.
Each 1 No.
1 No.

12 V

1 No.

THEORY:
Half wave rectifier circuit consists of resistive load, a diode and source of ac
voltage, all connected in series. In half wave rectifier, rectifying element conducts only
during positive half cycle of input ac supply. The negative half cycles of ac supply are
eliminated from the output. The dc output waveform is expected to be a straight line
but the half wave rectifier gives output in the form of positive sinusoidal pulses. Thus
the output is called pulsating dc.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
HALF WAVE RECTIFIER WITHOUT FILTER CAPACITOR
Step down
Transformer

12V

Ammeter(0-250mA)
A

K
BY127

AC
(230V/50HZ)

C2

0.1UF

0
RL

VODC

VOAC

12V

DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING,CMRIT

ANALOG ELECTRONICS LAB

HALF WAVE RECTIFIER WITH FILTER CAPACITOR

Step down
Transformer

Ammeter(0-250mA)

12V

K
BY127

AC
(230V/50HZ)

C2

0.1UF

+
RL

VODC

VOAC

C1
470UF -

12V

DESIGN:

VINrms 12V
VINm 2VINrms 16.97V
VODC Vm / 5.4V
Given

VODC 5V
IODC 100mA

R L VODC / IODC 50
Ripple = r = Vo rms / VO DC = 1.21
Design for the filter capacitor
Ripple = 1/(43 f C RL)
Given r = 0.25
C = 1/(43 f r RL)
RL = 50
f = 50Hz
Efficiency
Regulation

= 461.88F 470F
2
2
= PDC /PAC
* (RL + RF)]
(I DC * RL) / [(Irms)
% Regulation =

VNL VFL
100
VFL

DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING,CMRIT

ANALOG ELECTRONICS LAB

PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram
2. Switch on the AC power supply
3. Observe the wave form on CRO across the load resistor and measure the o/p
amplitude and frequency.
4. Note down RL, IDC, VODC, VINAC, and VOAC in the tabular column for different load
resistances.
5. Calculate the ripple and efficiency and Regulation for each load resistance.
6. Repeat the above procedure with filter capacitor.
TABULAR COLUMN:
Sl.
No.

RL

IDC

VO (DC)

VIN (AC)

VO (AC)

Ripple

Efficiency Regulation

WAVEFORMS:

VIN
12
0

-12

VO

t Vo (Without Filter)

VC
Vo (with filter)
t

DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING,CMRIT

ANALOG ELECTRONICS LAB

FULL WAVE RECTIFIER

AIM:To study the full wave rectifier and to calculate ripple factor and
efficiency and Regulation with filter and without filter.
COMPONENTS REQUIRED:

Sl. No.

Components Details

Specification

1.

Diodes

BY127

2.

Capacitor

0.1f, 470f

3.

Power Resistance Board

4.

Step down Transformer

5.

CRO, Multimeter, Milliammeter, Connecting Board

Qty
2 Nos.
Each 1 No.
1 No.

12 V

1 No.

THEORY:
The center tapped full wave rectifier circuit is similar to a half wave rectifier
circuit, using two diodes and a center tapped transformer. Both the input half cycles
are converted into unidirectional pulsating DC.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
FULL WAVE RECTIFIER WITHOUT FILTER CAPACITOR
Step down
Transformer

Ammeter(0-250mA)

12V

K
BY127

AC
(230V/50HZ)

C2

0.1UF

0
RL
A

12V

VO(DC)

VO

(AC)

K
BY127

DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING,CMRIT

ANALOG ELECTRONICS LAB

FULL WAVE RECTIFIER WITH FILTER CAPACITOR

Step down
Transformer

Ammeter(0-250mA)

12V

K
BY127

AC
(230V/50HZ)

C2

0.1UF

+
RL

VO(DC)

VO(AC)

C1
A

12V

470UF -

BY127

DESIGN:
Vin rms = 12V
Vin m = 2Vin rms = 16.97V
VO DC = 2Vm/ = 10.8V
Given

VO DC = 10V
IO DC = 100mA
RL = VO DC / IO DC

= 100

Ripple = r = Vo rms / VO DC = 0.48

Design for the filter capacitor
Ripple = 1/(43 f C RL)
Given r = .06
C = 1/(43 f r RL)
RL = 100
f = 50Hz
= 470UF
Efficiency
Regulation

= PDC /PAC
% Regulation =

(I2DC * RL) / [(Irms)2 * (RL + RF)]

VNL VFL
100
VFL

DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING,CMRIT

ANALOG ELECTRONICS LAB

PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram
2. Switch on the AC power supply
3. Observe the wave form on CRO across the load resistor and measure the o/p
amplitude and frequency.
4. Note down RL, IDC, VODC , Vinac, Voac in the tabular column for different load
resistances.
5. Calculate the ripple and efficiency and regulation for each load resistance.
6. Repeat the above procedure with filter capacitor.
TABULAR COLUMN:
Sl.
No.

RL

IDC

VO (DC)

VIN (AC)

VO (AC)

Ripple

Efficiency Regulation

WAVEFORMS:

VIN
t
0
-

VO
0

Vo (Without Filter)
t

Vo (with filter)

VC
t

DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING,CMRIT

ANALOG ELECTRONICS LAB

BRIDGE RECTIFIER
AIM:
To study the bridge rectifier and to calculate ripple factor and efficiency
and regulation with filter and without filter.
COMPONENTS REQUIRED:

Sl. No.

Components Details

Specification

1.

Diodes

BY127

2.

Capacitor

0.1f, 470f

3.

Power Resistance Board

4.

Step down Transformer

5.

CRO, Multimeter, Milliammeter, Connecting Board

Qty
4 Nos.
Each 1 No.
1 No.

12 V

1 No.

THEORY:
The bridge rectifier circuit is essentially a full wave rectifier circuit, using four
diodes, forming the four arms of an electrical bridge. To one diagonal of the bridge,
the ac voltage is applied through a transformer and the rectified dc voltage is taken
from the other diagonal of the bridge. The main advantage of this circuit is that it does
not require a center tap on the secondary winding of the transformer; ac voltage can
be directly applied to the bridge.
The bridge rectifier circuit is mainly used as a power rectifier circuit for
converting ac power to dc power, and a rectifying system in rectifier type ac meters,
such as ac voltmeter in which the ac voltage under measurement is first converted
into dc and measured with conventional meter.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
BRIDGE RECTIFIER WITHOUT FILTER CAPACITOR
Step down
Transformer

Ammeter(0-250mA)
BRIDGE

12V

C2

AC
(230V/50HZ)

2 -

0.1UF

+ 4
RL

Vo

12V

DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING,CMRIT

ANALOG ELECTRONICS LAB

BRIDGE RECTIFIER WITH FILTER CAPACITOR

Step down
T ransformer

Ammeter(0-250mA)

BRIDGE

12V

AC
(230V/50HZ)

2 -

C2

0.1UF

+ 4

RL

C1

Vo

470UF

12V

DESIGN:
Vin rms = 12V
Vin m = 2Vin rms = 16.97V
VO DC = 2Vm/ = 10.8V
Given

VO DC = 10V
IO DC = 100mA
RL = VO DC / IO DC

= 100

Ripple = r = Vo rms / VO DC = 0.48

Design for the filter capacitor
Ripple = 1/(43 f C RL)
Given r = .06
C = 1/(43 f r RL)
RL = 100
f = 50Hz
= 470UF
Efficiency
= PDC /PAC
= (I2DC * RL) / [(Irms)2 * (RL + RF)]
Regulation

% Regulation =

VNL VFL
100
VFL

DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING,CMRIT

ANALOG ELECTRONICS LAB

PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram
2. Switch on the AC power supply
3. Observe the wave form on CRO across the load resistor and measure the o/p
amplitude and frequency.
4. Note down RL, IDC, VODC , Vinac, Voac in the tabular column for different load
resistances.
5. Calculate the ripple factor, efficiency and regulation for each load resistance.
6. Repeat the above procedure with filter capacitor.
TABULAR COLUMN:
Sl.
No.

RL

IDC

VO (DC)

VIN (AC)

VO (AC)

Ripple

Efficiency Regulation

WAVEFORMS:
Vin
12
t
0
-12
Vo
Vo (Without Filter)
0
t

VC

Vo (with filter)
t

DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING,CMRIT

ANALOG ELECTRONICS LAB

SERIES AND PARALLEL RESONANCE CIRCUITS

EXPERIMENT-04

SERIES RESONANCE CIRCUIT

Aim : To obtain the frequency response of an RLC series circuit and hence to
determine
a) Resonance frequency fo
b) Band width ,Upper and Lower half power frequency
c) Q-factor.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED:

Sl. No.

Components Details

Specification

Qty

1.

Resistors

47

1 No.

2.

Capacitor

0.22f

1 No.

3.

Inductor

4.7 mH

1 No.

Signal generator, Multimeter

Circuit diagram:
L

10Vp-p

C
R

4.7mH
0.22F

47 VO

DESIGN:
Let = , R=47
Assume ,C= 0.22F
0 =

1
2

L=4.61mH

DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING,CMRIT

10

ANALOG ELECTRONICS LAB

Procedure:
1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram.
2. AC Supply is switched on. oscillator output voltage is adjusted to about
maximum i.e 10V P-P
3. The frequency is gradually varied from zero hertz and for different value of f,
voltage is noted down. The results are tabulated in the tabular column.
4. Frequency response i.e a graph of frequency versus voltage is drawn.
5. From the graph , resonant frequency fo is noted down at which voltage is
maximum(Vo).
6. Lower half power frequency f1 and upper half power frequency f2 are noted
corresponding to a voltage of Vo/ 2
Band width=f2-f1=_____________ hertz
7. The Q-factor =fo/f2-f1

Tabular column
f in hz V in
VOLTS

FREQUENCY RESPONSE CURVE ( in Semilog )

VO

VOmax
VOmax/2

BW
0

f1 f0

HHz

f2

f in Hz
f, Hz

DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING,CMRIT

11

ANALOG ELECTRONICS LAB

PARALLEL RESONANCE CIRCUIT:

Aim : To obtain the frequency response of an RLC series circuit and hence to
determine
a) Resonance frequency fo
b) Band width ,upper and lower half power frequency
c) Q-factor.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED:

Sl. No.

Components Details

Specification

Qty

1.

Resistors

47

1 No.

2.

Capacitor

0.22f

1 No.

3.

Inductor

4.7 mH

1 No.

Signal generator, Multimeter

Circuit diagram:

VO

Frequency response
Vo

Vomin

Vomin
BW
0

f1

fO

f2

fin Hz

DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING,CMRIT

12

ANALOG ELECTRONICS LAB

Procedure:
1. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram.
2. AC Supply is switched on. oscillator output voltage is adjusted to about
maximum i.e 10V P-P
3. The frequency is gradually varied from zero hertz and for different value of
f, voltage is noted down. The results are tabulated in the tabular column.
4. Frequency response i.e a graph of frequency versus voltage is drawn.
5. From the graph , resonant frequency fo is noted down at which voltage is
minimum (Vo).
6. Lower half power frequency f1 and upper half power frequency f2 are noted
corresponding to a voltage of VOmin x 2.
a. Band width = f2 - f1=_____________ Hz
7. The Q-factor =fo/f2-f1

Result:

DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING,CMRIT

13

ANALOG ELECTRONICS LAB

DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING,CMRIT

14