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Tutorial 6
Zeng Yan
zydrean@ust.hk
Outline
Stops
Aperture stop
Field stop
Pupils and windows
Basic definition
Lens
Matrix method
Aberrations
Stop
Optical system
Aperture Stop
AS is the element of optical system
(lens, diaphragm or whatever) that
limits the cone of light from object
point on the axis of the system
Field Stop
FS is the element of optical system
(lens, diaphragm or whatever) that
limits the field of view of the image,
formed by chief rays from the field.
Pupils
Pupil = image of Aperture Stop
EnP Entrance = by optics: O AS
ExP Exit Pupil = by optics:
AS I
Entrance pupil: The image of the aperture stop
formed by the optical elements (if any) that
precede it.
Exit pupil: The image of the aperture stop
formed by the optical elements (if any) that
follow it.
Windows
Window = image of Field Stop
EnW Entrance = by optics: O FS
ExW Exit
= by optics:
FS I
Entrance window: The image of the field stop
in all elements preceding it. Defines the lateral
dimension of the object that will be viewed.
Exit window: The image of the field stop in all
elements following it. Defines the lateral
dimension of the image that will be viewed.
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P1
P3
F01
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Fi2
1 3
2
10
2
1
Another view
1
2
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12
n1 sin1 = n2 sin2
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13
Example:
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14
lo = [ R 2 + ( so + R ) 2 2 R( so + R ) cos ]
OPL = n1lo + n2li
2
2
1/ 2
li = [ R + ( si R) + 2 R ( si R ) cos ]
Fermat' s principle d (OPL) / d = 0
n R( s + R ) sin n2 R( si R) sin
1 o
=0
2lo
2li
2 4 6
+
+
cos = 1
2
!
4
!
6
!
From :
3
5
7
sin = + +
3! 5! 7!
n n
1 n s ns
n n
n n
1 + 2 = ( 2 i 1 o) 1 + 2 = 2 1
lo li
R li
lo
so si
R
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1/ 2
single interface :
n1 n2 n2 n1
+ =
so si
R
focal length :
n1 n2 n2 n1 n1 n2
+ =
= =
so si
R
f
f'
magnification : m =
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si
so
16
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1
1
1
= (nL 1)( )
f
R1 R2
1 1 1
= +
f so si
ELEC308 Engineering Optics
1
R 1 1
= = +
f
2 so si
17
Power equation : P1 =
n2 n
n' n2
, P2 =
R1
R2
P = P1 + P2 d
Pricipal planes : h =
d P2
n2 P
h' =
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P1 P2
n2
d P1
n2 P
1
1
1 ( nL 1)d
= (nL 1)(
+
)
f
R1 R2
nL R1 R2
1 1 1
= +
f so si
18
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---matrix applications
20
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---matrix applications
21
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---matrix applications
22
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--- doublet
1 1 1
Image equation : = +
f so si
correction :
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P1V2 + P2V1 = 0
24
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25
P = P1 + P2 dP1 P2
Myopia & Hyperopia
25cm
+1
f
25cm
(b)at infinity M =
f
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fo
fi
Magnification : M =
Dexit =
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Do
M
27
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28
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30
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1
.
5
1
=
R1 =
0 1
second interface :
1/ f = P1 +P2 P1P2d / nl
=1+2120.3/1.5= 2.6 f =0.385
D 0.6
A
0.8
= 0.23,V2F2 = =
=0.31
V1F1 = =
C 2.6
C 2.6
1
0 1
0
=
R 2 = 1.5 1
0.25 1 1.5 / 1 2 3 / 2
0.8 0.2
system matrix : S = R2TR1 =
, | S |= 1
2.6 0.6
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0.6 2.6
0.2 0.8
Knowing that the first radius is 0.5cm, that the thickness is 0.3cm,
and that the index of the lens is 1.5, find the other radius.
1
M = n n'
Rn'
0
n
n'
0
1
R1 =
2
/
3
2
/
3
1 0.3
T =
0
1
0
1
R2 =
R
1
/
2
3
/
2
SystemMatrix : A = R2 T R1 R = 0.25cm
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1
1 s1
a R1 = 1
T1 =
f
0 1
2
0
1
a T2 =
1
0
1
a R2 = 1
f
1
0
1 s2 '
a T3 =
1
0 1
A B
SystemMatrix : M =
C
D
s f
ss '
Conjugate : B = s1 1 1 + f1 1 2 = 0
f2
f1
Magnification : m = A = 1
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f1 s2 '
f
= 1
f 2 f1
s1
f1
1
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