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1. Introduction
Shrinkage of concrete and cement composites
generally means reducing the volume of cement
matrix due to chemical and physical processes
occurring in these materials. Shrinkage causes stress
in their structure, which can lead to cracks or
deformations of construction. Some structures, such as
slabs and walls, are especially prone to crack due to
the large surface exposed to air-drying. Autogenous
volume changes, which happen without water loss,
may also reach high values in low W/C concrete [1].
From the beginning of hydration in cement
composites, chemical shrinkage occurs. Chemical
shrinkage is due to the fact that the absolute volumes
of hydration products are less than the absolute
volume of cement and water which entered the
reaction [2]. While the concrete is in a plastic state,
the volume changes do not cause cracking. However,
the chemical shrinkage continues even after the
279
280
Table 1
Cement
Fly ash
Aggregates
Additives
Water
size 0/1 mm
size 1/2 mm
size 2/4 mm
superplasticizer
stabilizer
300 g
190 g
640 g
256 g
384 g
7.4 mL
7.7 mL
270 mL
Dose of SRA
Consistency
Water
Bulk density
admixture
(flow diameter)
cement ratio
(kg/m3)
(%)
(mm)
0
1
2
3
4
0.55
244
243
256.5
253.5
252.5
2070
2050
2070
2100
2110
Table 3
Shrinkage, weight loss and compressive strength of reference sample and samples with different doses of SRA.
281
0.55
1
-
2
-0.001
3.466
0.004
4.780
0.013
3.543
-0.041
4.076
-0.004
3.847
3
0.052
5.988
0.069
6.754
0.018
5.634
-0.006
6.044
0.023
5.772
Shrinkage ()
Weight loss Um (%)
Age (days)
4
7
14
0.107
0.360
0.526
6.696
8.030
8.624
0.125
0.339
0.441
7.413
8.327
8.767
0.124
0.243
0.418
6.647
7.603
8.228
0.062
0.193
0.375
7.006
7.930
8.477
0.069
0.157
0.305
6.860
7.906
8.561
28
0.586
8.762
0.489
8.860
0.472
8.402
0.424
8.595
0.347
8.717
56
0.620
8.739
0.518
8.832
0.471
8.351
0.425
8.549
0.377
8.662
90
0.619
8.589
0.494
8.741
0.490
8.322
0.455
8.509
0.404
8.653
Compressive strength fc
(MPa)
Age (days)
2
28
90
10.80
33.12
36.49
8.56
25.40
32.21
8.51
29.96
31.26
7.07
24.93
30.77
6.51
23.98
30.03
282
References
Fig. 4 Development of compressive strength of reference
sample (REF) and the samples with 1%, 2%, 3% and 4%
doses of SRA.
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
4. Conclusion
Based on the results obtained, the following
conclusions may be drawn:
the results showed that the addition of usual
dosages of SRAs does not change the rate of mortar
drying;
the compressive strength reduction due to addition
of SRAs is higher with higher dose;
the addition of SRAs have a positive effect on
tested self-compacting cement mortars. Reducing of
[6]
[7]