Alternative Modeling Techniques for Composites

Lecture 5

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LS.2

Overview
Introduction
Laminated Shell Section Definition
Laminated Solid Section Definition
Section Point Based Postprocessing Technique

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Analysis of Composite Materials with Abaqus

Introduction

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LS.4

Introduction

As alternative modeling techniques for composites,

Shell sections can be used to define a laminate d conventional s hell
made of one or more mate rials.
Shell sections can also be used to model stacked continuum shell
ek1nents .
Simila.rly, so"/id sections can be used to define a laminated so"/id and to
model stacked so"/id elements.
Section point based pos tprocessing can be appaed to view contour plots
ofintegmtion point vahtes, material orie ntatio1is, and output from
reinforcement (rebar) layers in the s heU.

Consistent Abaqus/CAE and keywords interfaces are provided.

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Analysis of Composite Materials with Abaqus

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Laminated Shell Section Definition

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LS.6

Laminated Shell Section Definition

Shell section definition

fme: lsnell

A she ll section can be deji1Zed with:

category

Sdid

*SHELL SECTION

T,pe
C<moos~e

Metrbrane
5111.co

empwys numerical integration

during the analysis for use
with nonlinear 1nate rials .

General Shel Slffness

I C~nue. .. I

Ulnoel

Edit Section

Name: she:I

*SHELL GENERAL SECTION

f) pre-integrates the
sectionforuse with
Ntiear niaterials.

Typo: 5hol/ C"'tlnuumSM~ H.,._-..

Section ft:e.,..ation

Basic

r.

():Jmg analysi

aelote ~9&

I AdYslced I

lhioknets
Shel thlchness; (.' V4\Je.

r a..,"* - u...,,.,, I
r uod.r .s.ttlbuUon:
M.te.lal:

jMaterlaf-1

3
3

f(x)

u~ I

lf'tcl;nC$S lntco;i1obon 1ule: (: 5inpson ('" GoUSlS

Tlic~ess integraOOn poiits:

,0

Opbtins: Reb"r Layers.. J

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Analysis of Composite Materials with Abaqus

LS.7

Laminated Shell Section Definition

Both s ection options suppolt multilayer compos ite she lls.

,.,,,,..,I.....

*SHELL SECTION, COMPOSITE

Cate90'Y

Type - -- - - .

r solid

*SHELL GENERAL SECTION, COMPOSITE

r.' She1

r
r

The section can have any number of

layers with independent orientation and
independent niaterial in each layer.

Seam
Other

General Shel Stiffness

Contrue.. . J

Cancel

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Analysis of Composite Materials with Abaqus

LS.8

Laminated Shell Section Definition

-

The *S HEIL S ECTION,

COMPOSll'E option define s for
each ply:

Create Section

""""" js1>e11
C-OO<Y

Type
~-----

SOiid

S e ction points

(.' 2lel

MaterialdefinitWn

r
r

Mentirl!lne

Seam

Surf ace

ottie.

Genttd Shel 5tlffness

Materialorientation
r ...~ ..

Thicknes s
Ply

name

In genem.lthis option is us ed
when non6near material
re spons e mus t be modeli!d.
Include the SYMMETRIC
parameter to activate simplified
mode6ng of symmetric
compos ite s.

r -..1

ldlt Se(.lio11

Type: Shel I

Simpson's rule is used for

s ection s tiffne ss integration.

Coot....., Shell,

~osite

Outiigana~ l

Sectioo irtegraOOn:(!""

'-'l"'P name:
Basic

I Adv<nCed I

Tliclrnesis Integration l'Jle:

Before an.alysis

'Y""'"""
Material

r. Sh1J6cri ("'

Gau$S

i..,..,.
Thiclcness

O.lentauon Anglo

Ply!Wne

Q:>tlons: Rebar Layers..

Analysis of Composite Materials with Abaqus

116

LS.9

Laminated Shell Section Definition

The *SHEIL GENERAL
SECTION option provides
significant computational
savings if the material
behavwr is linear.
In this case the section
stiffness 1natrix can be
given directly:

Nl

A11

N2

A12

A13

B11

B12

B13

6'

Ai2

B12

B 22

B23

(,'

A33

B13

B 23

B 33

!12

D11

D1 2

D1 3

;;:

D22

D23

fC

D 33

K 12

N12

M1
sym

M2
_M12

Nfoo'~

.t>ell

Type; Geno.al Sf;d Stiffness

Crt:dlt! St:eUon

cotcoort

Type

Ir-

Solid

Homogeneous

Shel

Canpo!lte

r.

Ile.om

Ottier

Suf.xe

I em-tiooe. . . J

--32
- - - - -

L~;.ffo.~JI o.,.,,.i,,,,,., ] "<<ru<i.l

.,.,,..,, lmet

5 _ _ __

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Analysis of Composite Materials with Abaqus

LS.IO

Laminated Shell Section Definition

-

A/Jematively (and 1nore co1n111only),

the section is defined by giving the
layers' thicknesses and material
properties for layers.

Nomo:

lshol

cateoort
r Solid

In this case (as with the SHEIL

SECTION option) stress and
strain output is availabk
throughout the shell's thickness.

Beam

~-----

Memtrane

Suface
Genetal Shel 5tlf fness

tdtt Section

Name: shet

T)'llO: Shel I Cmtnwm Shel, Coonposte

Section lrteQratm: C D.mo-'.,.,.fysis<!(Belo' e

,. . ,_;:>

b~n-:I

- I Advanced I
idoolit - .

INo ideabalim

Symmetr

'..!<.1 1d-:at.Z.:r'.Kf"

Sme&- al layers
Material Mombr""" orly
8endno only

yNamcl
I

Usage:
'~

Type

r- Sile!

Abaqus will then calculate the

section's behavior automatically.
You can specify tlie
idealk,ation ofthe section
response and the symmetric
composites.

--

C.reatc Section

*SHELL GENERAL SECTION, COMPOSITE, [SYMMETRIC],

[MEMBRANE ONLYIBENDING ONLYISMEAR ALL LAYERS]
Analysis of Composite Materials with Abaqus

L.5.11

Laminated Shell Section Definition

The s hell sectionpropertk s given through the *SHEU GENERAL
SECTION option can be also defined via user s ubroutine UGENS.
This approach is particuhrly useful if the section response involves
both geometric and niaterial nonlinearity, such as may occur during
section coOapse.
Usage:
*SHELL GENERAL SECTION, USER

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Analysis of Composite Materials with Abaqus

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L.5.12

Laminated Shell Section Definition

Example of thin laminated shell analysis
Iz
I

A
I

1
l

~c----i
Froni Laminated Composite Shells: Buckling of a Cylindrical Panel with
a Circular Hole, Abaqus Exampk Problems Manua~ Section 1.2.2.

Analysis of Composite Materials with Abaqus

118

L.5.13

Laminated Shell Section Definition

Results

Budding Mode 3

Budding Modes

Buck/Uig modes, element type s S4R5, S9R5, a11d STR165

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Analysis of Composite Materials with Abaqus

L.5.14

Laminated Shell Section Definition

Linea/ Budtllng Load

2.0

'b

ComposiU paneL lbaddisplacement response

S4R5
SllRS
o STRl65
A

1.0

F.E, (Stanley)
-

t.O

2.0

ticporimontal

3.0

4 .0

5.0

Dolla/l, Ht'

In this case delaniination causes the shell to coUapse suddenly

(c atas tro p hie failure).

The finite eknient models predict only the structuralfailure- there

is no modeling ofthe delamination---and s o fail to indicate the
s everity ofthe event.
Exatnining the values ofTSHR13 and TSHR23 at the coUapse load
might alerl the analyst to this poss ibility.

Analysis of Composite Materials with Abaqus

LS.IS

Laminated Shell Section Definition

Linear bulking

load~--_,.-:::::::~

Dalta/L

Represe11ts the
curre 11t snaps hot
ofthe defomied
shape as shown
on the 1.eft siile.

Delta/L
Linear bulking load~--__.,....-.:::::.=::j

Delta/L
Linear bulklng load1~--~..--=~:J

Postbuckling
deformations: 10o/o h
imperfection with S4R5
Note: JO'Yc is a very large iJ1itial
in1petfectior1., and mr1ch .f n1aUer
values are typically 1.sed. In this

case 10% ir specifi~dfor

demonstmrio11 p11rposes .

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Analysis of Composite Materials with Abaqus

Laminated Solid Section Definition

120

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LS.17

Laminated Solid Section Definition

Solid section definition
A solid section can be defined with:

treate Section

Nd<re: solid

Type

*SOLI D SECTI ON

HomOQ180US

GenOIalized plane strain

Eulerian

This section option s upports multilayer

composite s olids:
*SOLID SECTION, COMPOSITE,

[SYMMETRIC]

The section can have

any number of layers
with independent
orientations and different
materia"fs in each layer.

tdtl (OlllJ,IU')llC SUIJcJ 5t<:llon

.....,,

solid

l YP1t

Solid, Ccimposle

-----;:====! to ac!Wate s implified

J----,

~~1.t:'.rui>~""""
;'~~~=;fComposites
m~o~d~e~lin~g~of~s~y=11:1m=etnc:
:
Symmetric layers

e1r;men

Material

Orientation Anjlle

R.el.ttve

...

tntegratkm
Polnt:t:

Ply Name

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Analysis of Composite Materials with Abaqus

LS.18

Laminated Solid Section Definition

Example of laminated solid analysis

Lamina s :
Lamina 7:
Lamina 6:
Lamina 5:
Lamina 4:
Lamina 3:
Lamina 2:
Lamina 1:

II

llCl'
11

90

oo

11'

_j

90

I I

centerline
- - - ---

Geometry oflaminated cylinder

Froni Thick composite cylinder subjected to internal pressure, Abaqus
Benchmarks Manua4 Section 1.1.4.

Analysis of Composite Materials with Abaqus

LS.19

Laminated Solid Section Definition

In this model the cymideris discretized wah two C3D20R e leme nts (of
different skes) in the radial direction.

Lamna 8: 90
Lamtla 7: 0
Lamna a: 90

Type' Sold, C-0rnposte

Lamnn 4: l>O
Lami'ln 3: O'
~~
Lami'l
~:::
a .:o2:...'9:;.;0:......-i
Lami'la 1: 0

assign to the set inner

Name: '""'"

-)

Lamna 5: o

Edit Composite Solid 5.ectl:on

L~ narr.e~ livler layer

r svrmie1n: layers

t I

Material

Element
A.elative

Orientation Angle

lnt:egrat.ion
Poir\b

Pfy Name

lamina

l amina_!

Lamina

90

Lanna.;!

Edlt Co1upu~1te Solid Sectlor1

assign to the set outer

Nome: Oltet

___ _9ef!J~~-~---+-

--

Type' Sold, CompLayup.nw:

loute~ ~r

5YllWMlr~ loyti<
Element

Material

R"latlve
lhic:kness

Orientation Anole

Jntegr<Olian
Points-

Ply Name

La"*>a

la'llNl_3

i..mn.

90

l anlna

'

l--~

l <rni>a_S

lanino:

90

l ......_6

l "*>a

L"'*"'_?

La"*>a

90

3
3

<

t..ma_s

Analysis of Composite Materials with Abaqus

LS.20

Laminated Solid Section Definition

The res u'/ts are co1npared with tlie ana/,ytical solution.
Nomiaazed mdialdisplace1nent
15

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

( *10* *-1)
.1-J

Anal,ytical solution
----- Abaqus

Q)

E
Q)

u
ro

''
'

'

10

-c..

''

-"'OVl
"'O
Q)

L.

--ro
E
!....

'

'''
'

- ---- ....

z
0

10

12

Radial direction
Analysis of Composite Materials with Abaqus

122

14

(*10**1)

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LS.21

Laminated Solid Section Definition

Circumferential stress

Vl
Vl

- - Analyticalsofutibn
----- Abaqus

"'C
Q)

ro

E
L..
0

L.

10

12

14
( * 10~ *1)

Radial direction

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Analysis of Composite Materials with Abaqus

LS.22

Laminated Solid Section Definition

Radial stress
The radiaJ stress, especiillly near the insUle ofthe cyander, is
not accurate due to the coarse mesh through the thickness. A
refined mesh is required for an accurate result.
(*10* *-~)

,----,----,----:::::=_=.;;:i::::=-=,,......--,
. -......
,'....... - ..
~
;-='
-~

Vl
Vl
Q)
L..
.1-J

Vl

"'C

-4

'

Q)

ro

E
L..

- - Analytical sofutibn
- -- - - Abaqus

'

'

-6

L.

'

-8

- 10 ~-------------~

10

12

Radial direction

Analysis of Composite Materials with Abaqus

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Section Point Based Postprocessing

Technique

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LS.24

Section Point Based Postprocessing Technique

As an alternative postprocessing
technique, section point based
postprocessing is available to
visualize results.
Sekcting section point data by
category is used to control the
section points from which
Abaqus obtains it1tegration point
re s ults and materilllorientations.
Reinforcement (re bar) layers in
n1embrane, sheU, composite
solid, and surface ekments are
treated as section points for
output purposes.
Note: Details of
reinforcement (re bar) layers
will be discussed in Lecture

0'
Qlt.ions. ..
_.,
--='-------' I

Cotcgor

AcbYe OObcns: (.' Botton \

l op LCK:ation

Catei:aorv

3"05, (f100:1.1Cn - 1.0)

To rwJdfy tf1ec111erit setIi.nos, seled: ~o m:ire loC4U!lns obovc;

ti-en $t!i:ct the dna-cds"CCUon polrt bdON.

frtm o(l.9:10000

Md, V. lim -

o.o)

frtbl 0.500000

sros_ (frod ion - 1.0)

6, "Reinforcement
Modeling."
Analysis of Composite Materials with Abaqus

124

Tap. (" Tq:i aild botton i n\-elope

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L.5.25

Section Point Based Postprocessing Technique

In many cases the location of a section pou1t is described in tenns of its
pos ition relative to the 1nidpoint of the cross section.
ForsheOs and composite solids this relative position is reported as a
fraction of the distance between the midpoint of the cros s section
and the SPOS orSNEG sutface ofthe section.
Reinforcement layers are indicated by thev unii.Jue name .
Co11tours of integration point values can be plotted as two-dbnensw11al
fronts located at the section points.
Contours can be plotted for two section locations on the same shell
(conventional or continuum) or composite solid.

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Analysis of Composite Materials with Abaqus

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L.5.26

Section Point Based Postprocessing Technique

Example: Beam bending

Stttion Points

Acb-.<o_IOC.1tloMl ("' &:ttom (" Top

t:'

Top ""dbottcm ("' F.n1el~pc

I op LIM'!Cll:JOf)

Vdl <14).TtRIAlt > < S 1ection ports >

<;!If -

Bottom:
Top:

SNEG, (lractlon=-1.0)

SNEG, (fractlon:-1.0)
lractlon=-0.5

,r,..

1 ,

' SP05,(f141:bon=- l .O)

:1-

f1 4Ction- 0 .500000
Md, (fraeti:ln = 0.0)
fr~ = (I, 5l'JCm)

SPOS; (fractlcn =- 1.0)

Field OtAplA...

'
~

Bottom:
Top:

SNEG, (fractlon=-1.0)
Mid, (fraction=O.O)

SNEG, (fractlon=-1.0)
fracllon=0.5

SNEG, (lractlon=-1.0)
SPOS, (lraction =1.0)

Analysis of Composite Materials with Abaqus

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LS.27

Section Point Based Postprocessing Technique

Example: Contouring interlaminar transverse shear stress components
Jnterlaminartransver.;e shear stress components can be a major cause
offai/are Ul layered COfflpOsite plates.
Output variabk CTSHR is an estimate of the through-the-thickness
variation oftransve rse shear stress in continuum shells.
CTSHR. enforces contUiuity oftransver.;e s hear between stacked
continuum shell ekments.

field Output
Slcp/ fton.e.

, ,...,,

CTS HR13 pff)tted on a

s tack o/24 continuum
shells in bending

Step: I, Step I

i!tOJ!@amo."JI
.

Pri'Nty V~i,,j)lo ) R.efarned V1able

I srnt>al: Viablc 1St~ V4J:dm I

- Output Variable

List orJy variables wth results~

CTSHU'.3

fr1s:verse shea1sc.re;ss In stact.ed ccnti"Uum shells al lnleQratbn potlt:s

Str~in

Stniss c:ompo,-ems at irl:qotion ponts

components r.te<J~icrl cxiirts

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Analysis of Composite Materials with Abaqus

ocin.co

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