WDM Design Introduction

Dark fiber vs passive and active WDM

Dark fiber solution
+ low cost interfaces
+ no cost for passive equipment
- high cost for fiber rental
- long provisioning times
- difficult fiber management
- no management or performance monitoring

Passive WDM solution

+ no transponder cost
+ low cost for fiber rental
+ short provisioning times
- only possible for short distance
- no management or performance monitoring

Active WDM solution

- transponder cost
+ low cost for fiber rental
+ short provisioning times
+ transponders and client equipment could be in different locations
+ management or performance monitoring
+ aggregators for better wavelength utilisation
+ advanced networking functions, e.g. Protection, FEC, ROADM

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CWDM
Typical CWDM characteristics

Low cost profile typically less management, cheaper components,

un-cooled lasers. Un-amplified technology!
Max 16 wavelength channels Lowest attenuation in 1550nm region. Intrinsic increase in
attenuation for lower channels. Warning for water peak!

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WDM Wavelength
Optical Amplifier (EDFA) gain curve
CWDM
Outside
DWDM-band

DWDM
C-band

DWDM
L-band

30 dB

gain

25 dB

20 dB

15 dB

Wavelengths standardized by ITU.

G.694.1 DWDM-spacings: 12.5GHz, 25GHz, 50GHz, 100GHz ....
G.694.2 CWDM-spacing: 20nm
Coarse WDM (CWDM): Lasers w/o temperature control
Dense WDM (DWDM) : Lasers with temperature control
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Topologies
Star network
Point-to-point
Every node has a separate fiber
No protection

HUB

Chain network
Bus structure
All nodes share same fiber
No protection

HUB

Ring network
Ring
All nodes share same fiber
Possibility to use protection

HUB

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Chain network
Without wavelengths shared capacity
Hub
1Gb/s

1Gb/s

1Gb/s

With wavelengths individual capacity

Hub

1Gb/s

4x1Gb/s

1Gb/s

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1Gb/s

1Gb/s

1Gb/s

RING/Mesh NETWORK SDH vs WDM

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RING/Mesh NETWORK Ethernet vs WDM

10GBE
10GBE 10GBE
W

10GBE

10GBE 10GBE
W

ch1

Price comparison
10x GBE >1x 10G
4x 10G < 1x 40G

ch2

1
2
3
4

16x
10GBE
interfaces
10GBE
10x
10x
GBE
40GBE
interfaces
interfaces
10x
10GBE
interfaces
1
2
3
4

ch4
W

ch3

10GBE
10GBE

10GBE

10GBE

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10GBE

Price comparison
16x 10G << 10x 40G

10GBE

Conclusion: Use WDM

Optical networks with amplifiers

OK up to 80km

SDH

SDH

What if the link is 240km?

SDH

80km

SDH

80km

80km

SDH

SDH

What if you have optical amplifiers?

SDH

80km

80km

80km

SDH

What if you want more channels?

SDH

SDH
SDH

80km

80km

SDH

80km

SDH

SDH

SDH

SDH

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Optical Power Budget

Add loss

Fiber loss1

TX

Drop loss

Express loss

Output power

Input power

Fiber loss2

RX

Output power
Receiver sensitivity

Network margin=Tx -Rx filter loss fiber loss dispersion penalty

Output
power

Receiver
sensitivity

1dB
2dB

Dispersion
Penalty (dB)

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Dispersion

Transmode focuses on Metro/Regional networks

Long haul network

Metro and regional

networks
Access

Mobile
Backhaul

xDSL
Triple Play

Access

CATV/MSO
Triple Play

FTTx/PON
Triple Play

Storage
Networks

Enterprise
Networks

= Transmode

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Technologies in different part of the network

Long haul network

Metro and regional

networks

Flexible Optical Networks (ROADMs)

Native Packet Optical 2.0 (integrated layer-1 and layer-2 in same platform)
Ethernet aggregation and switching
OTN aggregation
CWDM/DWDM mix

CWDM/DWDM mix
Passive solutions (TG-series)
iWDM PON
Ethernet demarcation units
Multi-service aggregation

Access

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Advanced amplifiers like Raman, high power EDFA and hybrid

EDFA/Raman
Coherent 40G/100G traffic units today and 400Gb/s and 1Tb/s later
Flex grid on ROADMs and filters to support future high bit rates
IP/MPLS routing
OTN switching
ASON

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TM-Series; Four Transport technologies

iWDM: A complementary technology to
SDH/SONET/OTN with unique features.
iWDM

SDH/SONET: Primarily for interfacing to

other SDH/SONET networks.

SDH/SONET

OTN
OTN: Dynamic multi-service
multiplexing and interfacing to other
OTN-networks. Core oriented.
Native
Ethernet

Native Ethernet: Focused on costeffective Ethernet transport, low

delay and extreme sync quality.
1G

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10G

100G

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Traffic units

- Transponders
One client signal per line wavelength.
Line rates; 2.5G, 4G, 8G, 10G & 40G 100G
- Muxponders
TDM-multiplexing of up to 10 clients per line wavelength
Line rates; 2.5G, 4G, 10G, 40G 100G
- Ethernet Demarcation Units
CPE devices with advanced Layer-2 functionality (e.g. MEF)
Line rates; FE, GbE and 10GbE-LAN
- Ethernet Muxponders
Native Ethernet Aggregation/switching
Line rates; FE, GbE, 10GbE-LAN 100G
- MultiService Access
Unique solution for E1/T1 and Ethernet transport
Line rates; 2,5G and 4G (between Access unit & Hub)

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Pluggable Optics
Technology agnostic Traffic units!
All units can be used for CWDM or DWDM!
Translation from CWDM to DWDM

SFP:CWDM, DWDM,
uncolored up to 4Gb/s

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XFP/SFP+: CWDM, tunable DWDM & uncolored SFP: Electrical for Eth, STM-1, Video
for 8Gb/s & 10Gb/s

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Trends in optical networks

Higher capacity
CWDM vs DWDM
1Gb/s vs 10Gb/s vs 40Gb/s vs 100Gb/s and more

Fiber to access
Passive networks
Fiber to base stations
Fiber to the home

Network Automation
Automatic power balancing
Remote compensation for fiber aging
Wavelength routing

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Drivers of capacity in metro networks

Enterprise

Mobile

Broadband

Smartphones

Cloud computing

Video on Demand

Dongles

Datacenter interconnect

HDTV/3DTV

78% CAGR 2011-2016

Mobile data traffic (consumer
+ enterprise)

Low latency applications

28% CAGR 2011-2016

Residential IP traffic

Increases capacity
requirements
in mobile backhaul

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18% CAGR 2011-2016

Enterprise fixed Internet
(External) traffic

Increases capacity
requirements
in enterprise networks

Source Cisco 2012

Increases capacity
requirements
in broadband backhaul

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Applications

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Cable and
broadband backhaul

Wholesale / carrier
Ethernet services

Mobile backhaul

Scalability

Layer 1 & 2 integration

Synchronization performance

Enterprise datacenter
connectivity

Video delivery services

Low latency services

Multiservice

Multicast

Performance : 4 ns

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Example of Service offering

Service

Capacity
Signal formats

Dark fiber

L1
transparent

L2
transparent

Synch

Protection
option

Yes

Private line SAN

1G/2G/4G/8G/
10G FC

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Private line SDH

E1
STM-/4/16/64

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

E-LINE

1Mb/s-1Gb/s
10GBE LAN

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

E-LAN

1Mb/s-1Gb/s
10GBE LAN

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

L3 VPN

1Mb/s-1Gb/s

No

No

No

Yes

L3 Internet

1Mb/s-1Gb/s

No

No

No

No

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Our story begins with the network operator Tele-1000

An emerging operator without WDM needs to grow his existing network.
Existing network consists of DSL and rented fiber

NOC

Metro
Network

GBE

GBE

GBE

In/Outdoor
DSLAMs

Access
Network

GBE

GBE
GBE

Internet

GBE

Tele house
for peering

Service offering: L3 Internet connection via DSL

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