Summary

Pressure Loss in Air Pipe

Blower outlet
Blower Main
Blower Main
Branch
Branch
Branch
Branch
Diffuser loss
(based on min flowrate)
(6,200 m3/hr)

DN 750
DN 1800
DN 1200
DN 600
DN 500
DN 350
DN 200
Total

#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
#REF!
975.18
5,000.00
#REF!
#REF!

Pa
Pa
Pa
Pa
Pa
Pa
Pa
Pa
Pa
Kpa

(esimate)

Air Pressure Loss in Duct

Air Velocity
v

= Q

v
Q
A
d

=
=
=
=

Re

Re
d
v

=
=
=
=
=

/ A

Air velocity(m/s)
Air Flow Rate(m3/s)
Cross Secttional Area(m2)
Outer Diameter of Duct(m)
Q =
0.41
d =
0.300
A =
0.07
v =
5.75

m3/s
m
m2
m/s

Main Duct
Branch Duct

calculated data
fixed data
1,465

Nm/hr

Recommended Velocity
for HVAC duct
5-8
4-6

m/s
m/s

Reynold numbers
Diameter of Duct(m)
Velocity(m/s)
Air Density(kg/m)
Dynamic or absoulute viscosity(Ns/m)
d
v

R
R
d
k

input data

=
=
=
=

0.300
5.75
1.23
1.79X10-5

Re =

1.19E-05

m
m/s
kg/m
Ns/m

= k / d
= Relative Roughness Ratio
= Diameter of Duct(mm)
= Surface Roughness(mm)
k =
d =
R =

0.15
300
0.000500

mm
mm

(From Graph below)

Surface Roughness
Surface

Roughness - k
millimeters

feet

Copper, Lead, Brass, Aluminum (new)

0.001 - 0.002

3.33 - 6.7 10-6

PVC/FRP and Plastic Ducts

0.0015 - 0.007

0.5 - 2.33 10-5

Epoxy, Vinyl Ester and Isophthalic Duct

0.005

1.7 10-5

Stainless steel

0.015

5 10-5

Steel commercial Duct

0.045 - 0.09

1.5 - 3 10-4

Stretched steel

0.015

5 10-5

Weld steel

0.045

1.5 10-4

Galvanized steel/Zinc

0.15

5 10-4

Rusted steel (corrosion)

0.15 - 4

5 - 133 10-4

New cast iron

0.25 - 0.8

8 - 27 10-4

Worn cast iron

0.8 - 1.5

2.7 - 5 10-3

Rusty cast iron

1.5 - 2.5

5 - 8.3 10-3

Sheet or asphalted cast iron

0.01 - 0.015

3.33 - 5 10-5

Smoothed cement

0.3

1 10-3

Ordinary concrete

0.3 - 1

1 - 3.33 10-3

Coarse concrete

0.3 - 5

1 - 16.7 10-3

Well planed wood

0.18 - 0.9

6 - 30 10-4

Ordinary wood

16.7 10-3

Therefore,
R =
0.000500
Re =
1.19E-05
The Moody Frictor Factor Diagram

From the Noody Diagram below

0.022

So, total head loss Calculation is stated as below.

Pd-loss

( l/d) ( v2/2)

Pd-loss

=
=
=
=
=
=

Pressure Loss by duct(Pa)(N/m2)

Moody Friction Factor
Total Length of duct(m)
Density(kg/m3)
Air Velocity(m/s)
Diameter of duct(m)

v
d

=
l =
=
v =
d =
Pd-loss

0.022
42
1.23
5.75
0.30

m
kg/m3
m/s
m

62.73

Pa

Total Pressure loss for strainght duct =

62.73

Pa

Air Pressure Loss in Duct Fittings and Components

Coefficient of
Minor loss

No.

Type of Component or Fitting

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27

Tees, Line Flow

0.3

Tees, Branched Flow

1.0

Numbers of
fittings

Total

--

Branch Flow

2.0

90 bend, sharp

1.3

90 bend, with vanes

0.7

90 bend, rounded(Radius/Diameter<1)

0.5

90 bend, rounded(Radius/Diameter>1)

0.25

45 bend, sharp

0.5

45 bend, rounded(Radius/Diameter<1)

0.2

45 bend, rounded(Radius/Diameter>1)

0.05

Flow from duct to room

1.0

Flow from room to duct

0.35

Reduction, tapered

1.25

Enlargement, abrupt

0.4

Grilles, 0.7 ratio free area to total syrface

Grilles, 0.6 ratio free area to total syrface

Grilles, 0.5 ratio free area to total syrface

Grilles, 0.4 ratio free area to total syrface

10

Grilles, 0.3 ratio free area to total syrface

20

Grilles, 0.2 ratio free area to total syrface

50

Non return damper

0.75

Volume control damper

0.06

Fire damper

0.8

Louvre(50 ratio free area)

1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
Total loss of coefficient

Pf-loss =

v2

Pf-loss = Pressure Loss by fitting(Pa)(N/m2)

= Minor loss coefficient
= Air Density(kg/m3)
v = Air velocity(m/s)

=
=
v =

44.80
1.23
5.75

kg/m3
m/s

=
=
=

912.45
0.00
0.00

Pa
Pa
Pa

Pf-loss
Fan
AHU

(500
(1500

Total Pressure loss for Duct fiitings =

912.45

Pa

Total Pressure loss for air blower piping system =

975.18
97.52

Pa
mm H2O

Therefore,

0.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.50
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.00
0.00
0.00
40.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
44.80