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WARNING: This guide is not intended to replace published standards, codes of practice or
other relevant publications. This is for External used only.
Dattatray K. Nikam
Instrument Engineer
IEC
Zone 0
DESRIPTION
Zone 1
Div 1
Div 2
Ex
Ex
Zone 2
DEFINITION
Flammable atmosphere present continuously (Typically 1000 hours / year).
Dattatray K. Nikam
Instrument Engineer
Ex
Ex
Ex
The system handling flammable liquid or vapour is in an adequately ventilated area and is so designed and
operated that the explosive or ignitable liquids, Vapours or gases will normally be confined within closed containers
or closed systems from which they can escape only during abnormal conditions such as accidental release of a
gasket or packing
The flammable vapours can be conducted to the location as through trenches, pipes or ducts
Locations adjacent to Zone 1 areas
Pressurized rooms where flammable gas / vapour can enter in the case of failure of positive mechanical ventilation
Safe Areas Typical areas
The following locations are considered safe from the point of view of electrical installation
Area where the piping system is without valves, fittings, flanges or similar appurtenances.
Areas where flammable liquids or vapors are transported only in suitable containers or vessels.
Areas where permanent ignition sources area present like area where combustion gases are present, for example
flare pits,tips,other open flames 7 hot surfaces.
Diesel Generator shed room /shed having adequate ventilation
GT installation meeting the ventilation (12 ACPH), pressurization (0.5 mbar) and flange (not more than one pair of
flanges inside the turbine room) requirements.
HAC Comparison
Ex
Hazardous Locations
Class I-Flammable Gases / Vapour
Class II- Combustible dust
Class III- Combustible fibers or flyings
Japan
Hazardous Areas
- Classes 1, 2 & 3
An experienced process engineers judgement in visualizing leak scenarios and classifying hazardous
areas is the most CRUCIAL factor in the HAC exercise
Dattatray K. Nikam
Instrument Engineer
Ex
Selection Criteria
Temperature Classification
Classified Zones
Surface Industry
Group I
Group II
IIA
IIB
IIC
Propane
Ethylene
Hydrogen/Accetylene
180 Microjoules
60 Mircojoules
20 Mircojoules
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Acetylene
Hydrogen
Ethylene
Propane
20 Mircojoules
20 Mircojoules
60 Mircojoules
180 Mircojoules
Methane
Temperature Classes:
Hot surfaces can ignite explosive atmospheres. To guard against this all Electrical Equipment intended for use in a
potentially explosive atmosphere is classified according to maximum surface temp. it will reach in service. This
temperature is normally based on a surrounding ambient temperature of 40C (102F).This temp. can then be
compared to the ignition temp of the gas(es) which may come into contact with the equipment & a judgment reached as
to the suitability of the equipment to be used in that area
T-Class
T1
450C
T2
300C
T3
200C
T4
135C
T5
100C
T6
85C
Dattatray K. Nikam
Instrument Engineer
Dattatray K. Nikam
Instrument Engineer
- REQUIREMENTS:
- Enclosures
Dattatray K. Nikam
Instrument Engineer
Must use high impact resistant materials FRP, or GRP will not hold static charge
Cannot produce arcs or sparks
Has special air and line leakage and creepage distances
Use I EC non-loosen connection
Minimum IP 54 ingress rating
Control internal and external temperature. External should not exceed T6 (85C)
EX d typical marking: EEx e IIA T3
16 amp, 24 v receptacle
Dattatray K. Nikam
Instrument Engineer
JUNCTION BOX
Approved
cable
Weatherpro
of seal in
Approved locking
type terminals
Approved internal
ground screw (4)
STRIPPING A CONNECTION
THE CONDUCTORS
TERMINAL LOCK
Torque in unlocked position
INCORRECT
Dattatray K. Nikam
Instrument Engineer
Ex ia: Equipment shall be incapable of causing ignition in normal operation, with a Two fault.
EX i typical marking: EEx ia IIC T5
4. Ex p PRESSURIZATION TYPE
By maintaining positive pressure of clean air or inert gases inside an instrument enclosure with respect to
an external atmosphere, the external atmosphere can not come in contact with sources if ignition inside.
- PRESSURIZATION TYPE (Ex p) TYPES
Static Pressurization or pressurization with leakage compensation Air supplied & pressurized
continuously from a non-hazardous area to avoid ingress of flammable gases / vapour inside the
enclosure
- Pressurized Equipment
Ingress protection minimum IP 4X
Over pressure 1.5 times or 0.2 kPa
Material of construction should be flame retardant, self- extinguishing and should not be affected
by protective gas.
Dattatray K. Nikam
Instrument Engineer
No ignition shall be caused either by flame or by excessive temperature of the surfaces of the
enclosure
Dattatray K. Nikam
Instrument Engineer
Constructional features:
Fully enclosed, leak-proof enclosure
Oil level indicator
Transformers, Switch gears, Control gears
Equipment Code
Description
Ex ia
0, 1, 2
Ex ib
1,2
Ex ic
Ex d
Flameproof protection
1,2
Ex p
Purge/pressurized protection
1,2
Ex px
1,2
Ex py
1,2
Ex pz
Ex e
Increased safety
1,2
Ex m
Encapsulation
1,2
Ex ma
Encapsulation
0,1,2
Ex mb
Encapsulation
1.2
Ex o
Oil immersion
1,2
Ex q
1,2
Ex n
Type - n protection
Ex s
Special protection
Normally 1 and 2
Dattatray K. Nikam
Instrument Engineer
Ingress
Protection
(IP)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
First Digit
Protection against solid bodies
No Protection
Objects greater than 50 mm
Objects greater than 12 mm
Objects greater than 2.5 mm
Objects greater than 1 mm
Dust- Protected
Dust- Tight
-
Second Digit
Protection against Liquid
No Protection
vertically dripped water
Angled dripped water
sprayed water
splashes water
water jets
Heavy seas
Effective immersion ( 1 meter )
Indefinite immersion.
NEMA Standards
Type
Type 1
Type 2
Type 3
Type 3R
Type 3S
Type 4
Type 4X
Description
General Purpose Indoor
Drip - proof - Indoor
Dust - tight, Rain - tight and Sleet (Ice) - resist - Outdoor
Rain - proof and Sleet (Ice) - resistant - Outdoor
Dust - tight, Rain - tight and Sleet (Ice) - proof-Outdoor
Water - tight and Dust - tight - Indoor and Outdoor
Water - tight Dust - tight and Corrosion resistant - Indoor and Outdoor
Type 5
Type 6
- Superseded by Type 12 for control apparatus Submersible, Water - tight, Dust - tight and Sleet (Ice) - resistant - Indoor
and Outdoor
Class I, Group A, B, C or D - Indoor Hazardous Locations, Air Break
Equipment
Class I. Group A, B, C or D - Indoor Hazardous Locations, Oil - immersed
Type 7
Type 8
Type 9
Type 10
Type 11
Type 12
Type 13
Dattatray K. Nikam
Instrument Engineer
Dattatray K. Nikam
Instrument Engineer
Summary
Types of Enclosure Protection
Dattatray K. Nikam
Instrument Engineer
Enclosure Rating
IP Protection
Dattatray K. Nikam
Instrument Engineer
Certification Code
Dattatray K. Nikam
Instrument Engineer
Useful References
Hazardous Area Classification & Selection of Electrical Equipment for
Flammable Atmospheres by P.G.Sreejith (www.cholaaxa.com)
Flammable Facts MTLFF 03
Explosive Facts By STAHL
www.medc.com
Dattatray K. Nikam
Instrument Engineer
Flameproof Enclosure An
enclosure used to house
electrical equipment, which
when subjected to an internal
explosion will not ignite a
surrounding explosive
atmosphere.
Intrinsic Safety A
Zones 0, 1 & 2
technique whereby electrical
EExi
energy is limited such that any
EN50020
sparks or heat generated by
electrical equipment is
sufficiently low as to not ignite
an explosive atmosphere.
Increased Safety This
Zones 1 & 2
equipment is so designed as to
EExe
eliminate sparks and hot
EN50019
surfaces capable of igniting an
explosive atmosphere.
Purged and Pressurised
Zones 1 & 2
Electrical equipment is housed
EExp
in an enclosure which is initially
EN50016
purged to remove any
explosive mixture, then
pressurised to prevent ingress
of the surrounding atmosphere
prior to energisation.
Encapsulation A method of
Zones 1 & 2
exclusion of the explosive
EExm
atmosphere by fully
EN50028
encapsulating the electrical
components in an approved
material.
Oil Immersion The
Zones 1 & 2
electrical components are
EExo
immersed in oil, thus excluding
EN50015
the explosive atmosphere from
any sparks or hot surfaces.
Powder Filling Equipment is Zones 1 & 2
surrounded with a fine powder,
EExq
such as quartz, which does not
EN50017
allow the surrounding
atmosphere to come into
contact with any sparks or hot
surfaces.
Zones 1 & 2
Exi
IEC60079-11
Class 1
Divisions 1 & 2
UL913
Zones 1 & 2
Exe
IEC60079-7
Zones 1 & 2
Exp
IEC60079-2
Class 1
Divisions 1 & 2
NFPA496
Zones 1 & 2
Exm
IEC60079-18
Zones 1 & 2
Exo
IEC60079-6
Class 1
Division 2
UL698
Zones 1 & 2
Exq
IEC60079-5
Dattatray K. Nikam
Instrument Engineer
Non-sparking Sparking
Zone 2
Zone 2
contacts are sealed against
EExn
Exn
ingress of the surrounding
EN50021
IEC60079-15
atmosphere, hot surfaces are
eliminated.
Special Protection
Zones 0, 1 & 2 Zones 0, 1 &
Equipment is certified for use
*Exs
2
in a Potentially Explosive
Exs
Atmosphere but does not
conform to a type of protection
listed above.
Dattatray K. Nikam
Instrument Engineer
.
General Recommendations
Classification of Hazardous Areas
Inspection and Maintenance of
Electrical Equipment
U.K.
U.S.A.
EC60079-14
IEC60079-10
N.E.C. Chapter
5
IEC60079-1
IEC60079-14
IEC60079-14
IEC60079-14
IEC60079-14
IEC60079-14
BS5345:Part
7
IEC60079-14
BS5345:Part
8
MEDC advise that all Explosion-proof electrical equipment is maintained, by suitably trained
personnel, in accordance with the Manufacturers' recommendations.
Any spare parts used should be purchased from the original Manufacturer and repairs should be
carried out by the Manufacturer or under his supervision, in order that the item remains in
conformance with the certification documents.
Dattatray K. Nikam
Instrument Engineer
safety requirements for hazardous area equipment and uses Standards as part of the method of
conforming to these. Amongst other documentation required by certifying authorities will be
Technical Manuals in order that the user is informed of installation methods etc.
ALL EQUIPMENT, BOTH ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL, INTENDED TO BE PUT INTO
SERVICE WITHIN THE EEC AFTER 1ST July 2003, WILL HAVE TO HAVE BEEN CERTIFIED
IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE ATEX DIRECTIVE.
In practice this means re-certification of all currently certified electrical equipment.
MEDC have started this process and all relevant equipment will be covered by the
implementation date of 1st July 2003.
It should be noted also that MECHANICAL equipment is covered by the ATEX Directive so for the
first time items such as gearboxes will have to carry ATEX certification.
The equipment coding will be as the current practice plus an additional code as follows:
ExII2G i.e.
Ex Explosion proof in accordance with ATEX.
II Group II surface industries.
2 category 2 equipment (suitable
.....for use in Zone 1) note:
G suitable for atmospheres containing gas ( D is suitable for atmospheres containing dusts).
Equipment will be CE marked when certified to ATEX.
European Practice Current until 30th June 2003
The method is basically as above. In addition all electrical equipment intended for use in the
European Economic Community (EEC) must comply with Electromagnetic Compatibility
regulations (EMC) and manufacturers must issue, on request, an EC Declaration of Conformity in
accordance with the EMC regulations.
When certified, an item of equipment and its' certificate, carry a code e.g. EExdIIBT4. This can be
broken down as follows:
E European certificate in accordance with harmonised standards
Ex Explosion-proof electrical equipment
d flameproof enclosure type of protection
II Group II surface industries
B gas group B
T4 temperature class T4 (135 degrees centigrade surface temperature).
Dattatray K. Nikam
Instrument Engineer
World-wide Certification
Most countries outside Europe or North America use the IEC Standards as a basis for their own
national standards.
The Russian Federation certifies equipment to GOST standards, these closely follow CENELEC
practice.
There is a scheme in place which will when fully adopted allow for internationally recognised
certification to become a reality, this is the IEC EX SCHEME. This uses the IEC standards and IEC
recognised test and certification bodies to issue mutually recognised test reports and certificates.
The scheme is in its infancy and its level of success cannot yet be measured.
Ingress Protection
2 digits are used to denote the level of ingress protection that a piece of apparatus enjoys :
(The first digit denotes the level of protection against solid objects and the second against
liquids)
Solids
Liquids
0 No protection.
0 No protection.
Dattatray K. Nikam
Instrument Engineer
North American practice is to use NEMA standards to describe ingress protection, i.e.:
NEMA
NEMA
NEMA
NEMA
3 is similar to IP 54
4 is similar to IP 55
4x is similar to IP 56
6 is similar to IP 67
Dattatray K. Nikam
Instrument Engineer