Revise chapter (10)

Concepts
1. The magnetic flux at a point; the .
2. The magnetic flux density at a point; the .
3. ; the magnetic flux density at a point that produces a force of 1 Newton upon a wire
of 1 m long carrying current of 1 Ampere and placed normal to the field.
The magnetic field due to a straight The magnetic field in a coil carries
The magnetic field in a solenoid
wire carries current.
current.
carries current.

n I = . .I

B=

B=

B=

Ampere's right-hand rule:

The wire to be grasped in the right hand
with the thumb pointing along the wire in
the direction of the current, the direction
of the fingers will have the direction of the
magnetic flux.

1- Using right hand screw rule.

The direction of rotation of the screw is
the direction of the current in the coil, and
the direction of the field is in the direction
of its motion.
2- Clock wise rotation.
As one side is clock wise current flow the
magnetic polarity is south and if it is in
counter clock wise current the polarity is
north.

1- The Amperes right hand rule.

As the thumb shows the direction of
North pole inside the solenoid the other
fingers show the direction of the current
flow.
2- Clock wise rule.
As one side is clock wise current flow the
magnetic polarity is south and if it is in
counter clock wise current the polarity is
north

4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

; it is the torque affecting the a coil placed parallel to a magnetic flux of density 1T.
Galvanometer; a device used to detect and determine the direction of weak currents.
Sensitivity of galvanometer; the angle of scale deflection per
; a small resistance joined in parallel with the coil of galvanometer converting it into ammeter.
..; a big resistance joined in series with the coil of galvanometer converting it into voltmeter.

Ammeter.

Voltmeter.

As; Vg = Vs
Ig.Rg = Is.Rs

Vg = Ig .Rg .{1}
The total potential difference to be
measured is given by;
V = Ig .Rg + Ig.Rm {2}
Solving {1}, {2} for Rm, we get

Rs =
Rs =

Rm =

The total resistance of the

ammeter {RT

sensitivity of ammeter =

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The total resistance of the

voltmeter = RMultiplier + RGalvanometer.
Sensitivity =

Ohmmeter.

On adjusting the zero ohm

by connecting the two terminals
the pointer deflects to the end of
the current scale
Imaximum=

on measuring an unknown
resistance R to be measured the
current intensity decreases to
I

Revise chapter (10)

What is meant by?

1. The magnetic flux density at a point is 0.3 T.
.
2. The magnetic dipole moment is 0.09 N.m/T.
.
3. Sensitivity of galvanometer is 0.1 o/.A.
.
4. Sensitivity of ammeter is 0.1.
.
5. Sensitivity of voltmeter is 0.1.
.

Give reasons for;

1. Houses are disliked to be built nearer to the high voltage transmitting lines; to avoid the harmful effects of the generated
magnetic flux upon the human health.

2. The efficiency of a solenoid increases as a magnet on placing a core of soft iron at its inside; as iron has high
permeability so it concentrates the magnetic flux.

3. A circular coil or a solenoid carrying direct currents though no magnetic field is generated; as the coil is
4. A wire carrying current placed at a magnetic flux though it is not moved. The wire is placed to the field so ( =
0o) as F = BILsin = BILsin0 = 0

5. A coil carrying current placed at a magnetic flux though it is not moved. The coil is placed .. to the field so
o

( = ) as

6. The torque of a coil decreases gradually by the rotation of the coil till being vanished. As the torque affecting a coil
carries current and placed at a magnetic field is determined from the relation { = B.I.A.N.cos} where is the angle between the
field lines and the plane of coil, so the torque is maximum as the coils plane is parallel to the field and as the coil rotates the angle
increases and the magnitude of torque decreases till being vanished as the coil plane is normal to the field.

7. As a current passes through solenoid and a straight wire placed inside it along its axis the straight wire is not affected
by any force. As the wire is placed .
8. Two parallel wires carrying currents in similar directions they attract.as the resultant magnetic flux in between the two
wires is smaller than that outwards, so a resultant attraction force originates.

9. The neutral point for two parallel long wires carrying direct current in similar direction is located in between the two
wires. As the generated magnetic field in between the two wires oppose each other so at one point both cancel each other and
their resultant is zero.

10. The movement of a wire carries direct current and placed normal to a magnetic field. Due to the difference in the total
magnetic flux around the wire due to the magnet and the current in the wire from one point to another so a magnetic force
pushes the wire from the direction of higher resultant flux to that of smaller flux density.
11. The concave shape of the two poles of magnet in sensitive galvanometer. To provide a uniform radial magnetic field that
ensures that angle of deflection is proportional to the passing current.

12. The coil of galvanometer is joined with two spiral springs. As the two springs lead .. to coil, and return the
.. back to its origin.
13. A cylinder of soft iron is found in the structure of galvanometer; to concentrate the magnetic field into the coil due to its
high permeability, this increases the magnetic flux density and the sensitivity of the device.

14. To convert the galvanometer into voltmeter its coil is joined in series with a large resistor;
15. To convert the galvanometer into ammeter its coil is joined in parallel with a small resistor.
16. The irregular scale of ohmmeter.
17. The scale of ohmmeter is opposite to that of the ammeter.
18. A variable resistance is joined in the ohmmeter
19. The total resistance of ammeter is small, while that of voltmeter is big.
20. Ammeter is connected in series inside the circuit while voltmeter is joined in parallel.
21. The shunt is joined in parallel while the multiplier is joined in series.
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Revise chapter (10)

22. The sensitive galvanometer does not measure the current intensity for an A.C.
23. The coil of the moving coil galvanometer is connected with a pair of spiral springs.
24. The accuracy of ammeter increases by decreasing the resistance of the shunt used, while the accuracy of voltmeter
increases by increasing the resistance of the multiplier used.
25. The coil of galvanometer is connected to a standard resistance in series in ohmmeter.

What are the factors affecting each of the following?

1. The flux density due to current passing through
a. A long straight wire.
b. A coil.
c. A solenoid.
2. The force affecting a wire carries current placed perpendicular to a magnetic field.
3. The torque affecting a coil carries current placed parallel to a magnetic field.

What happens in the following cases? Giving the reasons?

1. Increasing current through a wire upon the flux density at a point from the wire.
2. Decreasing the radius of a coil carrying current to half upon the flux density at the center.
3. Placing a wire carries current normal to a magnetic flux.
4. Placing a wire carries current parallel to a magnetic flux.
5. A coil carries current and placed parallel to a magnetic flux.
6. An electromagnet is double wound around an iron cylinder.
7. Passing higher currents than (Ig) through the coil of galvanometer.
8.

Passing of a.c in the coil of galvanometer.

9. Absence of standard resistance in ohmmeter.

Mention one use for;

1. Amperes right hands rule.
2. Screw rule.
3. Clock wise rule.
4. Flemings left hands rule.

Compare between
1.
2.
3.
4.

Amperes right hands rule and Flemings left hands rule.

The flux density at the center of coil carries current and that a point from a wire carries current.
Ammeter and voltmeter.
Shunt and multiplier.

When each of the following equals zero?

1. The flux density at the mid distance between two parallel wires carrying current.
2. The force affecting a wire carries current found at a magnetic flux.
3. The torque affecting a coil carries current and placed inside an external magnetic field.

What is the physical quantity expressed by the following measuring units;

1. Weber.
2. Weber/m2.
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Revise chapter (10)

3. Weber/Ampere.m.
4. N.m.
5. N/Ampere.m.
6. Volt.second.
7. N.m/T.
8. Ampere.m2.
9. .c.
10. Tesla.
11. N.m/A.
Prove an expression for the torque affecting a rectangular loop carrying current:
A coil of {N} turns of area {A} and carries current {I} is placed parallel to a magnetic flux of
density {B}, There are forces exerted on the longer sides equal and opposite of magnitude; F = BIL.
The forces on the sides produce a resultant torque which tends to rotate the coil about its axis.
The torque: = F the normal distance in between
= B.I.A.

= B.I.{L.d}.

and for {N} turns, the resultant torque is

{ =B.I.A.N = B.

md

}, where;

md

= IAN

is the Dipole moment.

Choose the correct answer;

1.

As two currents I and 2I passing through two long parallel wires as shown
in figure, the magnetic flux vanishes Neutral point is at the point

2.

a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
The magnetic flux is maximum at the point .

3.

a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
As current passes through a long straight wire in a normal direction into the page the
direction of the flux obtained is

4.

a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
A wire carries current in a direction parallel to the plane of paper affected by a magnetix field normal to the page
into the page, so the total force acts into
a. The right.

5.

b. the left.

c. Upwards.

d. Downwards.

As two similar currents passing through two long parallel wires in the same direction as shown in figure, the
flux density at both of the points (A & B) are
a.

6.

Equal.

b. BA > BB.

c. BA < BB.

A galvabometer whose coil resistance (R) the shunt resistance used to decrease its sensitivity as an ammeter to
its quarter is .
a.

7.

b. R/2

c. R/3

d. R/4

On joining a shunt to the galvanometer coil the total resistance

a.

Increases

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b. decreases

c. unchanged

Revise chapter (10)

8.

The ratio between the shunt resistance and total ammeter resistance is . One.
a.

9.

More than

b. less than

c. equal to

In the shown ohmmeter the full scale deflection provided due to 600 .A in case of a short circuit, as an
external resistance (RX) added of value double that of total resistance of the device the total current passing
through the circuit of ohmmeter equals . .A.
a.

200

b. 300

c. 600

d. 1200

10. As the measured unknown resistance by an ohmmeter is triple the total resistance of the device the pointer of the device is scale.
a.

Half

b. third

c. fourth

d. fifth.

Problems;
1. A coil of 4 m2 placed at a magnetic flux of density 0.1 T, where the flux is maxium. Find out the magnetic flux:a.

At the starting position.

b. After rotation of 30o.

c. After rotation of 60o.
d. After rotation of 135o.
e. After rotation of 180o.
2.

[0.4 wb, 0.346 wb, 0.2 wb, 0.28 wb, 0.4 wb]

A battery of e.m.f 8 volts and internal resistance 2 is connected to a straight wire of length 20 cm , c.s.a 3 10-8 m2 and its
resistivity 4.5 10-6 .m. Calculate the magnetic flux density at a point which lies at normal distance of 10 cm away from the
centre of the wire.

3.

[510-7 T]

As 7.5 1020 electrons through 3 seconds in a straight wire placed parallel to another wire 5 cm away carrying 40 A, find out

the magnitude and direction of the magnetic flux at the mid-point between the two wires as:
a.

The two currents are in similar direction.

b.

The two currents are in opposite direction.

charge of electron = 1.6 10-19 c

[0, 6.410-4 T]

4. Two parallel wires in air 30 cm away from each other one carries 40 A, and the other carries 20 A calculate the total magnetic
flux at a point 20 cm away from the first wire as the current in the two wires is:
a.

In similar direction.

b. In opposite direction.

[0, 810-5 T]

5. A current path shaped as shown in Figure produces a magnetic field at P, the center of the
arc. If the arc subtends an angle of 30 and the radius of the arc is 0.6 m, what are the
magnitude and direction of the field produced at P if the current is 3 A?
6. a tightly coil solenoid of radius 12 cm and length 30 cm is to produce a magnetic field of density 2.26 10-3 T along its axis
when a current of 15 A flows in it. What length of wire is required to make the solenoid?

[27.1 m]

7. In the shown figure a straight wire carries current of intensity {} is placed tangent to a coil of 10
turns, find out the current intensity passing through the coil in magnitude and direction such that
the centre of the coil becomes a neutral point.

[0.1 A]

8. A coil of diameter 12 cm carrying a current produces a magnetic flux at its centre, its turns are separated regularly forming a
solenoid the magnetic flux at its axis becomes 0.5 that of the coil calculate the length of the solenoid.

[0.24 m]

9. A solenoid of 500 turns, length 20 cm and resistance 14.5 , its terminals are joined with a battery of 1.5 Volt and internal
0100 1835 248

Revise chapter (10)

[3.14 10-4 Tesla]

resistance of 0.5 .Calculate the flux density at its axis

10. A coil of 49 turns, diameter 22 cm carrying a current produces a magnetic flux at its centre of 710-5 Tesla calculate the
passing current, its turns are separated regularly forming a solenoid of a length of 11 cm find out the magnetic flux at its axis
[0.25 A, 1410-5 Tesla]
11. In the figure; Two straight parallel wires separated by a distance 20 cm ,the first wire
carries a current of I1 ampere, while the second wire carries a current of I2 = 10
ampere, the directions are shown in the figure. The total magnetic flux density BT at
the point {p} which lies at mid distance between the two wires equals 610-5 Tesla. Calculate :the total magnetic flux density
at Q that lies 10 cm apart from the second wire.

= 4 x 10-7 wb/Amp.m }

[6.6610-6 T]

12. A wire of length 50 cm, sectional area 0.4 cm2 and specific resistance 810-5 .m it is joined with a battery of e.m.f 6 volt
and internal resistance 0.5 . Calculate the magnetic flux density at a point 10 cm away from which. Then as another wire of
similar length and parallel to the first wire carrying current of 3 Ampere in an opposite direction to that passing through the
[810-6, 1.210-5 T]

first is placed at 10 cm. Calculate the mutual force generated in between.

13. A rectangular coil of dimensions 20 cm 10 cm and of 200 turns placed in a regular field of magnetic flux density of 0.4
Telsa. A current of 3 Ampere is passing through the coil. Calculate the torque acting on the coil in the following two cases:
First; when the coil plane subtends an angle 60 to the direction of the field.
Second; when the coil plane is perpendicular to the direction of the field.

[2.4 N.m, 0]

14. [Eg-10]The given figure represents three straight parallel wires X, Y and Z each of
length 1m, the wires carry a current of 5 A, 8 A and 10 A respectively in the
directions shown, If the wire Y is 0.05 m away from each of the wires X and Z.
Calculate the magnetic force acting on the wire Y.
15. {Eg_87} A circuit of a battery of 2 volt, resistance of 150 , a galvanometer of resistance 56 its terminals are joined in
parallel with a resistance allow the passage of of the total current through the galvanometer. Calculate the total current
passing through the circuit, galvanometer and the shunt.

[12.4mA, 2.48mA, 9.92mA]

16. A conductor suspended by two flexible wires as shown in figure has a mass per unit length of
0.04 kg/m. What current must exist in the conductor for the tension in the supporting wires to
be zero when the magnetic field is 3.6 T into the page? What is the required current?
17. A galvanometer of resistance 100 its maximum reading is 0.02A, calculate the standard resistance that used to convert it
into an ohmmeter using a source of 3 volt e.m.f and what is the resistance gives a deflection on the scale? [50 , 450 ]
18. A galvanometer of resistance 50 measures up to 0.05 volt, calculate the
a.

Maximum voltage measured as it is connected with a multiplier of 500 .

b. Maximum current measured as it is connected with a shunt of 0.01

[0.55 V, 5.001A]

19. Using the shown circuit:- show the function of the variable resistance 6565 , deducing its
precise value to fulfill its function, then find out the magnitude of the measured resistance
which gives a half scale deflection and that gives a quarter scale deflection

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[500 , , ]