Lab Report

Nilesh Dhondo

Table of Contents

Idea Background The Light Bulb Moment.........................................................................................................3

The Company and Its Environment.......................................................................................................................3
The Company and Its Product................................................................................................................................5
Subjects..............................................................................................................................................................5
Course Modes....................................................................................................................................................5
Interaction..........................................................................................................................................................5
Website Structure...............................................................................................................................................6
The Company and Its Price....................................................................................................................................7
Subscrption Plans...............................................................................................................................................7
Member Categories............................................................................................................................................8
The Company and Its Promotion...........................................................................................................................9

Theoretical background
Reynolds Number
Reynolds Number is a non dimensional number expressed as the ratio between
inertia forces and frictional viscous forces.

Re

V0 h

Laminar Flow versus Turbulent flow:

Differentiated by the Reynolds numbers (characteristic Reynolds critical
numbers are different for different fluids). Laminar flow is immiscible flow, turbulent flow
is miscible flow.

Flow Around a Cylinder

Impact Point and Detachment Point

Pictures
A. Reynolds Number is 20.
Velocity Magnitude Contour Lines
We notice that strata do not mix, but the current lines are asymetrical. There is an
impact (stagnation point) and a detachment point. Behind the detachment point, vortices
start to form. Reynolds number is between 1 and a Reynolds Critical 1 Number.

Static Pressure Distribution

For the pressure distribution we can calculate the pressure coefficient Cp.
Cp is defined as being

. Cp depends on the angle of attack. At the

impact point Cp is 1, then it becomes negative, leading to a depression area (to the right)
with Cp negative (p < p inf).

Wall Shear Stress

The wall shear stress is proportional to the rate of change of velocity with respect
to the y axis. In the boundary layer, velocity increases very fast, from 0 at the contact with
the surface of the cylinder to 0.98 of v inf. Hence wall shear stress is high in the boundary
layer, being 0 outside (according to Prandtl, outside the boundary layer velocity is constant,
almost equal to v inf, hence the rate of increase is 0 hence the shear stress is 0, the fluid can
be considered to be ideal). Behind the dettachment point, shear stress is low.

Vorticity Magnitude

We can see at Reynolds number 20, there are 2 symmetrical vortices being
formed to the right, after the detachment point, where the velocity changes direction.

Velocity Magnitude versus Position

This graph represents the distance against the magnitude of the velocity. We can
see the velocity is approximately 0 at the contact with the walls of the cylinder, then a
logarithmic distribution of the velocity from 0 m to 0.2 m and from 0.3 m to 0.5 m.

Static Pressure Along y axis

This graph shows pressure on the y axis. We can see the area of depression (low
pressure)

Static Pressure Along x axis

This graph shows pressure on the x axis, again we can see the area of depression.

B. Reynolds Number is 300

Velocity Magnitude Contour Lines
Reynolds number is between a Reynolds Critical 1 Number and a Reynolds
Critical 2 Number. Von Karman vortices start to form.

Static Pressure Distribution

For the pressure distribution we can calculate the pressure coefficient Cp.
Cp is defined as being

. Cp depends on the angle of attack. At the

impact point Cp is 1, then it becomes negative, leading to a depression area (to the right)
with Cp negative (p < p inf).

Wall Shear Stress

The wall shear stress is proportional to the rate of change of velocity with respect
to the y axis. In the boundary layer, velocity increases very fast, from 0 at the contact with
the surface of the cylinder to 0.98 of v inf. Hence wall shear stress is high in the boundary
layer, being 0 outside (according to Prandtl, outside the boundary layer velocity is constant,
almost equal to v inf, hence the rate of increase is 0 hence the shear stress is 0, the fluid can
be considered to be ideal). Behind the dettachment point, shear stress is low.

Vorticity Magnitude

We can see at Reynolds number 20, there are 2 symmetrical vortices being
formed to the right, after the detachment point, where the velocity changes direction.

Static Pressure Along y axis

This graph shows pressure on the y axis. We can see the area of depression (low
pressure)

Static Pressure Along x axis

This graph shows pressure on the x axis, again we can see the area of depression.

C. Reynolds Number is 1000

Velocity Magnitude Contour Lines
We notice that strata do not mix, but the current lines are asymetrical. There is an
impact (stagnation point) and a detachment point. Behind the detachment point, vortices
start to form. Reynolds number is between 1 and a Reynolds Critical 1 Number.

Static Pressure Distribution

For the pressure distribution we can calculate the pressure coefficient Cp.
Cp is defined as being

. Cp depends on the angle of attack. At the

impact point Cp is 1, then it becomes negative, leading to a depression area (to the right)
with Cp negative (p < p inf).

Wall Shear Stress

The wall shear stress is proportional to the rate of change of velocity with respect
to the y axis. In the boundary layer, velocity increases very fast, from 0 at the contact with
the surface of the cylinder to 0.98 of v inf. Hence wall shear stress is high in the boundary
layer, being 0 outside (according to Prandtl, outside the boundary layer velocity is constant,
almost equal to v inf, hence the rate of increase is 0 hence the shear stress is 0, the fluid can
be considered to be ideal). Behind the dettachment point, shear stress is low.

Velocity Magnitude versus Position

This graph represents the distance against the magnitude of the velocity. We can
see the velocity is approximately 0 at the contact with the walls of the cylinder, then a
logarithmic distribution of the velocity from 0 m to 0.2 m and from 0.3 m to 0.5 m.

Static Pressure Along x axis

This graph shows pressure on the x axis. We can see the area of depression (low
pressure)