Reg. No.

Iv'{2131
B.E./B.Tech.DEGREEEXAMINATION.APRIL/IVIAY2008.
Seventh Semester
Electronics and Communication Engineering
EC 431 - ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION
Maximum : 100 marks

Time : Three hours

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Answer ALL questions.

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PART A - (10 x2 = 2Omarks)

Define antenna efficiency.

2.

What are end fire arrays?

3.

Mention two important advantagesof folded dipole antenna.

4.

What are the frequency independent antennas?

5.

What is ERP of an antenna?

6.

What is an aperture number of paraboloidal reflector?

7.

Calculate the power gain of an optimum horn antenna approximately with a

square aperture of 10) on a side.

8.

What is the relation between directivity (D) and beam solid angle (Oo ) or
Beam area (B) in antenna?

9.

What is short wave propagation?

10.

Calculate the critical frequency for reflection at vertical incidence if the

maximum value of electrons densitv is 81 m-3.

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1.

PARTB-(5x16=80marks)
11.

(a)

(i)

What is the effective aperture of an antenna and how does it relate

(10)
to the gain?

(ii)

Explain directive gain and directivity of antenna.

Or

(6)

(b)

Explain antenna impedance and polarizalion.

(ii)

Sketch the horizontal and vertical plane radiation pattern ofcentre

fed vertical dipole of

12.

(a)

(6)

(i)

ainote and 2)" dipole.

(10)

Derive a uniformly spaced linear array of z isotropic elements with

uniform phase difference between consecutiveelements. Compare broad
(16)
side array and end fire array.
Or

(a)

Spaced one half wavelength apart and fed with equal currents but
(8)
with 180" phasing between the adjacent elements.

(ii)

Spacedone quarter wavelength apart and having progressivephase

(8)
shift of 90obetween the elements'

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(i)

What is radiation resistance of an antenna? Show that the radiation

resistance of a half wave dipole is 73 ohms. Also calculate the radiation
(16)
resistance offolded diPole.

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18.

Using the pattern multiplication principle, sketch the horizontal pattern

of four vertical antennas.

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(b)

Or

(i)

Helical antenna

(6)

(ii)

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Write short notes on the following :

Small loop antenna

(o/

Half wave dipole

(5)

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(b)

(iii)

L4.

(a)

Describe and explain the operations of the following antennas :

(i)

Yagi uda antenna

(8)

(ii)

Log periodic antenna.

(8)
Or

(b)

What are electromagnetic horn antennas? What are the various types of
horns? What are their practical applications? How do these antennas
(16)
compare with paraboloidal reflector antennas?

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(a)

( 10)

(i)

Explain MUF and give one method of calculating it

(ii)

A high frequency radio link has to be established between two

points at a distance of 2500 km on earth's surface. Considering the
ionospheric height to be 200 km and its criticai frequency 5 MHz,
(6)
calculate the MUF for the given path.
Or

(i)

Describe the structure of the ionosphere. Also discuss the part

(L2)
played by the ionospherein radio wave propagation.

(ii)

Explain Faraday rotation.

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(4)

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(b)

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15.

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