TITLE: MANUFACTURING PROCESS FOR FUEL ETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM

RICE STRAW

Student name:

NGO THI NGOC LAN THAO

Course name:

Masters in National Central University - Taiwan

Department:

Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering

Abstract:
This study investigate the feasibility of manuacturing processes for ethanol production
form rice straw. The process comprises five main steps: 1) Rice straw shredding to reduce the
size to 2 mm for pre-hydrolysis; 2) A pre-treatment step using ammonia treatment technology;
3) Simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation (SSF) via recombinant enzyme celluloses,
Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast; 4) Distillation of the fermentation broth to ethanol (92.5 wt%).
5) Solid residues after distillation will be considered for energy production depending on the
energy and economic efficiency of the process conditions
Introduction:
Ethanol produced from lignocellulose biomass has been considered as the most potential
next generation automotive fuel for sustainable development. Presently, VN produces EtOH
mainly from cassava, but producers are in troubles to deal with low domestic market demand,
high production costs. Rice straw is the major form of agriculture residues in Vietnam. Openfield burning is the common practice for the disposal of rice straw that causes environmental
pollution; hence, using rice straw as a feedstock for bioethanol production can contribute to the
rural development with fewer environmental impacts. Rice residues account for nearly 80% of
total agricultural waste, 90% of rice straw is openly burn on fields. Rice straw is an attractive
lignocellulosic material for bioethanol production since it is one of the most abundant renewable
resources. It has several characteristics, such as high cellulose and hemicelluloses content that
can be readily hydrolyzed into fermentable sugars. But there occur several challenges and
limitations in the process of converting rice straw to ethanol. The presence of high ash and silica
content in rice straw makes it an inferior feedstock for ethanol production. One of the major
challenges in developing technology for bioethanol production from rice straw is selection of an
appropriate pretreatment technique. The choice of pretreatment methods plays an important role
to increase the efficiency of enzymatic saccharification thereby making the whole process
economically viable. The present review discusses the available technologies for bioethanol
production using rice straw.
Research Questions:
1). Are there some factors that things I dont expect should be considered in the process?
2). Does the manufacturing process create the best production efficiency ?
3). Is the procedure appropriate for Vietnam?
4). Are you selecting a suitable yeast strains for the implementation process ?
Methodology:

Strengths and Weaknesses of the Study

References:
Amiri, H., Karimi, K., Zilouei, H., (2014), Organosolv pretreatment of rice straw for efficient
acetone, butanol, and ethanol production, Bioresource Technology, 152, 450456.
Bastidas, P.A., Gil, I.D., Rodrguez, G., (2010), Comparison of the main ethanol dehydration
technologies through process simulation, 20th European Symposium on Computer Aided
Process Engineering ESCAPE20.
Binod, P., Sindhu, R., Singhania, R.R., Vikram, S., Devi, L., Nagalakshmi, S., Kurien, N.,
Sukumaran, R.K.,, Pandey, A., (2010), Bioethanol production from rice straw: An overview,
Centre for Biofuels, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, CSIR,
Trivandrum 695 019, India, Bioresource Technology, 101, 47674774.
Brethauer, S., Wyman, C.E., (2010), Review: Continuous hydrolysis and fermentation for
cellulosic ethanol production, Bioresource Technology, 101, 48624874.
Hirsute, T., Okamoto, K.,, Nitta J.,, Maekawa N.,, Yanase H., (2011), Direct ethanol production
from starch, wheat bran and rice straw by the white rot fungus Trametes hirsuta, Enzyme and
Microbial Technology, 48, 273277.
Girio, F.M., Fonseca, C., Carvalheiro, F., Duarte L.C., Marques S., Bogel-ukasik R.,(2010),
Hemicelluloses for fuel ethanol: A review, Bioresource Technology, 101, 47754800.
Gray, K.A., Zhao, L., Emptage, M., (2006), Bioethanol, Current Opinion in Chemical Biology,
10, 141146.
Janick J., Whipkey A., Alexandria, (2002), Ethanol from Cellulose: A General Review, Reprinted
from: Trends in new crops and new uses, Trends in new crops and new uses P.C. Badger.
Jonathan, R.M., (2001), Ethanol production from biomass: Technology and commercialization
status, Current Opinion in Microbiology, 4, 324-329.
Karimi, K., Kheradmandinia, S., Taherzadeh, M.J., (2006), Conversion of rice straw to sugars by
dilute-acid hydrolysis, Biomass and Bioenergy, 30, 247253.
Karimi, K., Emtia, G., Taherzadeh, M.J., (2006), Ethanol production from dilute-acid pretreated
rice straw by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation with Mucor indicus, Rhizopus
oryzae, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 40, 138144.
Koar, G., Civa, N., (2013), An overview of biofuels from energy crops: Current status and
future prospects, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 28, 900916.
Kunimitsu, Y., Ueda, T., (2013), Economic and environmental effects of rice-straw bioethanol
production in Vietnam, Paddy Water Environ, 411421.
Iye, E., Bilsborrow, P., (2013), Cellulosic ethanol production from agricultural residues in
Nigeria, Energy Policy, 63, 207214.
Loan, T.L., Ierland, E.C., Xueqin, Wesseler, J., Ngo, G.,(2013), Comparing the social costs of
biofuels and fossil fuels: A case study of Viet Nam, Biomass and bioenergy, 54, 227-238.
Malik, U.S., Ahmed M., Sombilla M.A., Cueno, S.L., (2009), Biofuels production for
smallholder producers in the Greater Mekong Sub-region, Applied Energy, 5868.
Mielenz, J.R., (2001), Ethanol production from biomass: Technology and commercial status,
Current Opinion in Microbiology, 324329.

Mood S.H.,, Golfeshan A.H., Tabatabaei M., Jouzani G.S., Najaf, G.H., Gholami, M., Ardjmand
M., (2013), Lignocellulosicbiomass to bioethanol, acomprehensive review with a focus on
pretreatment, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 7793.
Nigam, P.S., Singh A. (2011), Review: Production of liquid biofuels from renewable resources,
Progress in Energy and Combusion Science, 37, 52-68.
Onuki, S., (2006), Bioethanol: Industrial production process and recent studies, Iowa State
University.
Phitsuwan, P., Sakka, K., Ratanakhanokchai, K., (2013), Review: Improvement of lignocellulose
biomass in planta: A review of feedstocks, biomass recalcitrance, and strategic manipulation of
idea plants designed for ethanol production and processability, Biomass and bioenergy, 53, 390405.
Ranjan, A., Khanna, S., Moholkar, V.S., (2013), Feasibility of rice straw as alternate substrate
for biobutanol production, Applied Energy, 103, 3238.
Sarkar, N., Ghosh, S.K., Bannerjee, S., Aikat, K., (2012), Bioethanol production from
agricultural wastes: An overview, Renewable Energy, 37, 19-27.
Silalertruksa, T., Gheewala, S.H., (2013), A comparative LCA of rice straw utilization for fuels
and fertilizer in Thailand, Bioresource Technology, 150, 412419.
Stichnothe, H., Azapagic, H., (2009), Bioethanol from waste: Life cycle estimation of the
greenhouse gas saving potential, 2009, Resources: Conservation and Recycling, 53, 624630.
Timilsina, G.R., Shrestha A,. (2011), How much hope should we have for biofuels?, Energy, 36,
2055-2069.
Tran Dinh Man, Police and stragety for biomass development and utilization in Viet Nam,
Biomass-Asia Workshop, Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnamese Academy of Science and
Technology (VAST).
Truong, N.L., Cu, N.Q., (2004), Potentials of distributed power generation from biomass
residues in Vietnam Statusand Prospect, Electricity supply intransition: Issues and Prospect for
Asia.
Vietnam Institute of Energy (2012), The scenario of energy consumption in Vietnam up to 2030,
Present at the annual meeting between VAST and, Japan.
Wiloso, E.I., Heijungs, R., Geert R., (2012), LCA of second generation bioethanol: A review and
some issues to be resolved for good LCA practice, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,
16, 52955308.
Wang, L., Templer, R., Murphy, R.J., (2012), A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) comparison of
three management options forwaste papers: Bioethanol production, recycling and incineration
with energyrecovery, Bioresource Technology, 120, 8998.
Wei, P., Cheng, L.H.,, ZhangL., Xu, X.H., Chen, H.L., Gao C.J., (2014), A review of membrane
technology for bioethanol production, Renewable and Subtainable Energy, 30, 388-400.
Yang, J., Huang, J., Qiu, H., Rozelle, S., Sombilla M.A., (2009), Biofuels and the Greater
Mekong Subregion: Assessing the impact on price, production and trade, Applied Energy, 86,
37-46.
Zinoviev, S., Arumugam, S., Miertus, S., (2007), Background paper on biofuel production
technologies, Area of Chemistry, ICS-UNIDO