Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to
information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities,
in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority,
and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest
to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of
education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the
timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.
1 +, 1 +
01 ' 5
Jawaharlal Nehru
! $ ' +-
Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
! > 0 B
BharthariNtiatakam
IS:1288-1982
(Reaffirmed 1994)
( Reaffirmed
1999 )
Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR MINERAL GYPSUM
(Second Revision)
Second Reprint AUGUST
UDC
BUREAU
MANAK
Gr 5
OF
BHAVAN,
1998
62236351 : 543
Copyright 1982
INDIAN
STANDARDS
9 BAHADUR
SHAH ZAFAR
NEW DELHI 110002
MARG
December
1982
Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST.FOR MINERAL GYPSUM
(
Second Revision)
Chainnan
Dnh4.S.V
3
f&B1
The Dharamzi
YA
Morarji
Chemical
Co Ltd, Bombay
.r
Directorate
General of Supplies and Dispozalz,
New Delhi
AI&zats )
The Fertilizer ( P & D ) India Ltd, Sindri
Geological Survey of India, Calcutta
Tata Chemicals Ltd, Bombay
SHBI D. S.-CHOWbHUBY
(
DssR.M.
BHATCAQ~
SEUU B. N. BEATTAOEABYYA
Srrsr S. N. BHAT!~AOEARYA
Sasr S. G+DATI~Y
( Ahmat
)
SHIU S. S. HONAVAB
Italab Private Ltd, Bombay
SHRI J. C. DEY ( a&rf8at6
I )
SHBI M. V. DABHOLKAE (AltsrzuI6 II )
Directorate
General of Technical
Development,
SHBI J. S. MATHABU
New Delhi
SHBI R. C. BHATTAOHA~YYA ( dltemate)
J. K. Chemicals Ltd, Thane
SHBI
S. V. NAYAK
SEEI P. A. ~MMINON
( Alttvna& )
Sarabhai M. Chemicals, Vadodra
SHBI J. K. PATWA
SHBI
H. H. KAVAnANA ( Ak?rf&zk
)
D. C. M, Chemical;works,
New Delhi
SEW A. K. RAO
SH~I B. I$. VAFU ( &6rnat6)
-4;
Ministry of Defence (R & D )
SBBI B. K. SAbEAR
Srta1.A. D. G~J~TA ( &6Vnd6
)
Sasr C. R. S~NTHANAK~I~FIN~U~ Travancore Chemical St Mfg Co Ltd, Mettur Dam
SEBI K. V. MANI [ z%niats
)
The Durgapur Projects Ltd. Durgapur
DR H. S. SARKAB
Development
Commissioner,
Small Scale IndusSasr P. SATYANARAY~
tries, New Delhi
Regional
Research
Laboratory
Da K. R. SASEMA
(CSIR 1,
Hyderabad
DE MOD ZAWABJAMIL ( &matc
)
( thtiW6d
@
BUREAU
OF
copvrist
INDIAN
On fMg6
1982
STANDARDS
2)
Isa1288 -1982
( Continuedfrom
page 1 )
Representing
Members
SERI H. C. SHAH
SHRI S. GANAPATHY
SEKRIY. V. SHETTY
Golden
Chemicals
( Alternate )
Indian
Oil Corporation
Ltd (Refineries
and
Pipelines Division ), New Delhi
Glaxo Laboratories ( India ) Ltd, Bombay
DR V. SRINIVASAN
SHRI P. MANSUKHANI ( Altewatc )
Ministry of_Defence ( DC1 )
DR SURJIT SINQE
DR A. K. SEN ( Alfsmofe)
Indian
Chemical
Manufacturer9
Association,
SHRI N. C. THAXKAB
Calcutta
Director General, IS1 ( Ex-o@io Manber)
DR HARI BHAOWAN,
Director ( Cbem )
Secretary
SHBI M. BAXSEI GVPTA
Assistant Director ( Cbem ), IS1
Minerals
CDC 3 : 17
Convener
SHRI B. N. BHATTAOHARYYA
Geological
Members
Ministry
SHRI J. A. ASTEAPUTRE
SHRI K. P. MAJUMDAR (Altera& )
of Defence
( DGI )
IS t 1288 - 1982
Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR MINERAL GYPSUM
(
Second Revision)
0.
FOREWORD
0.1 This Indian Standard ( Second Revision ) was adopted by the Indian
Standards Institution on 21 May 1982, after the draft finalized by the
Inorganic
Chemicals
( -Miscellaneous ) Sectional Committee had been
approved by the Chemical Division Council.
0.2 During the last few years, the consumption of gypsum in the manufacture of cement, fertilizers, insecticides, plaster of Paris, etc, has increased
steadily. The major source of supply is from Rajasthan
It is also mined
in Madras, Uttar Pradesh and to a smaller extent in Gujarat, Jammu and
Kashmir, and Maharashtra.
0.3 Fertilizer and cement are the .two important industries in which
gypsum finds use. High purity gypsum is utilized in large quantities in the
manufacture of ammonium sulphate fertilizer. Gypsum of lesser purity in
crushed condition is utilized in portland cement manufacture, where it
acts as a retarder, controlling the setting time of cement.
0.4 Gypsum finds use in agriculture as a surface plaster for conserving
Calcined gypsum
moisture in soil and for aiding nitrogen absorption.
finds use in plasters and manufacture of plaster of Paris. It is also
used in the manufacture of partition blocks, sheets and tiles, plaster and
insulating boards, and for stucco and lattice works. Ground gypsum, as
filler, is utilized in paint, paper, rubber, textiles, .etc. Gypsum blocks are
used as building stones. In pottery, gypsum is used for moulding purposes.
Besides, gypsum rock is used as flux in the smelting of nickel ores and in
tin plate industry for polishing plates.
0.5 Alabaster, a massive and granular variety of gypsum is employed for
statuary while the silky fibrous variety known as satin-spar is employed
for making ornamental articles. Salenite, a crystalline variety is used to a
limited extent for gypsum plate in microscopes. Low grade gypsum finds
use in the manufacture of gypsum wall boards.
0.6 As it is sometimes advisable to recalculate the results obtained in
analysis in order that they may become more enlightening, a procedure
for the recalculation is also suggested in Appendix A.
3
IS : 1288 - 1982
0.7 In reporting the result of a test or analysis made in accordance with
this standard, if the final value, observed or calculated, is to be rounded
off, it shall be done in accordance with IS : 2 - 1960*.
1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard prescribes methods of test for mineral gypsum. It
covers the methods for determination of fineness, free -water, combined
water, carbon dioxide, silica and acid insolubles, iron and aluminium
oxides, calcium oxides,, magnesinm oxides, sodium chloride, sulphur
trioxide, and various forms of calcium sulphate.
1.1.1 The specifications of the material
1965t and IS : 4266-1967$.
2. QUALITY
OF REAGENTS
3. DETERMINATION
shall mean
of analysis.
chemicals
and
impurities
OF FINENESS
3.1 Qmntity Required - The quantity of the material required for this
test depends on the particle size of the material. If the particles are not
more than 6 mm in diameter, 100 g of the material shall be sufficient for
this test; and if the largest particles are more than 25 mm in diameter,
1 000 g of the material shall be required.
With these limitations, the
quantity of the material required for this test may be left to the discretion
of the operator.
3.1.1 It is, however, difficult to sieve very fine powder of the material
and water cannot he used as washing agent without introducing errors due
to hydration or solution. In such cases, isopropyl alcohol ( 99 percent)
shall be used as washing agent and the procedure given under 3.3 snail be
adopted.
3.2 Procedure for Coarse Powders - Determine fineness by sieving a
known mass of the material dried at 45 & 1C through sieves of the
specified sizes. Shake the sample through the specified sieves with as little
*Rules for rounding oE numerical
values ( reoiscd
).
$Specification
for mineral gypsum ( rcvisrd ).
fspecification
for hydrated calcium sulphate from marine brine.
&Specification for water fsr general laboratory
use ( stcond revtiion ).
IS : 1288 - 1982
abrasion as possible. Weigh the material retained on each sieve and calculate the fineness expressed as percentage of the mass of material taken
for the test,
3.3 Procedure for Fine Powders -Place
isopropyl alcohol ( 99 percent )
in a vessel 3 to 5 cm larger in diameter than the specified sieve to a depth
above 5 cm. Place about 50 g of the material, accurately weighed, on the
specified sieve and lower into the alcohol until the material is thoroughly
wetted. Lift the sieve out of the alcohol with a swirling motion, permitting
the alcohol to drain through the sieve back into the vessel. Repeat the
process at least 8 times until the alcohol passes freely through the sieve and
the residue is essentially free from fines. Wash the residue with about
100 ml of clear alcohol and then blot the bottom of the sieve with a soft,
dry and lint-free cloth. Dry the sieve with the residue at 45 f 1C. Shake
the sieve for exactly 2 minutes.
In case of dispute, a mechanical shaker
shall be employed. Remove the residue with a camel hair brush to a tared
sheet of glazed paper and weigh.
3.3.1 If desired, to permit simultaneous determination of coarser fractions, the residue after drying but before shaking may be transferred to a
series of coarser sieves up to l-mm IS Sieve nested in the order of
sequence.
4. DETERMINATION
OF FREE
WATER
100 ( A -
B )
where
OF SAMPLE
IS : 1288 - 1982
Thoroughly remix the ground sample, and store this prepared sample in an
air-tight container for analysis.
6. DETERMINATION
OF COMBINED
WATER
6.1 Procedure
- Place about 1 g of the pre$arcd sample in a covered crucible which has been previously dried and weighed. Dry it in an oven at
215 to 230C to constant mass. Calculate the loss in mass as percentage
of the sample.
6.2 CalcuIadon
Combined
lOO(A-B)
A
where
A = mass in g of the prepared sample taken, and
B. = mass in g of the material after drying.
7. DETERMINATION
OF CARBON
DIOXIDE
(CO%)
7.1 Apparatus-Apparatus
consists of a 250:ml round bottom flask closed
with rubber stopper or preferably standard glass joint with three holes for
one tap funnel for addition of dilute hydrochloric acid, one water cooled
The top
reflux condenser and one tube for introduction of COa free air.
of the condenser is connected to a series of vessels Bl to B7 as follows:
B2, B3 and B4 are Nesbitt tubes ( or Mid-vale tubes),
Bl and B7 are bubblers (Arnold
B5 is 125 ml bubbler, and
B6 is a Mid-vale
bulb ),
tube.
The Arnold bulbs ( Bl and B7 ) contain syrupy phosphoric acid and are
meant to indicate the rate of flow of gas through the apparatus ( 1 to 2
bubbles per second ) and B5 bubbler contains concentrated sulphuric acid
to remove bulk of moisture from the gas. The acid level in the bulb Bl,
B5 and B7 should be just to cover the end of the delivery tube. B6 meant
for removal of carbon dioxide from the incoming air, is packed with cotton
wool to cover the end of the delivery tube and with soda asbestos to the
level indicated in the figure. B2(a) and B2(b) are packed with soda asbestos covered with a 15-20 mm layer of anhydrous magnesium perchloB3
rate B2(b) is-meant for guard against any escape of CO, from B2(a).
for removal of hydrogen sulphide is packed with copper sulphate soaked in
B+ contains magnesium perchlorate
anhydrous magnesium perchlorate.
In each Nesbitt tube the reagent should be kept in place with the
only.
plug of cotton wool. The tubes are connected together with a suitable
6
1 : 1 (v/v).
7.2.2
7.2.3
Soda Asbestos -
140 mm IS Sieve.
IS t 1288 - 1982
stand as before, wipe the tubes and weigh. Increase in mass is due to
absorbed carbon dioxide. Run reagent blank through all the steps without
taking the sample.
This should be deducted from the mass of carbon dioxide determined above.
7.4 Calculation
Carbon dioxide, percent by mass =
Ml-B1
M
where
Ml -
mass in g of Nesbitt
test;
tubes B2(a)
and B2(b),
and B2(b)
after the
8. DETERMINATION
OF SILICA
8.1 Reagents
8.1.1 Dilute Hydrochloric Acid -
1 : 5 ( v/v).
lo0 Al
= ~
A
where
Al = mass in g of the ignited residue, and
A = mass in g of the prepared sample taken for tne test.
*Specification for hydrochloric
82(b)
FIG. 1
APPARATUS
DETERMINATION
OF CARBON UIOXIDE
81
IS t 1288 - 1982
9. DETERMINATION
OXIDES
9.1 Reagents
s
see IS:
264-1976*.
approximately
5 N.
9.2 Procedure
- To the filtrate reserved in 8.2, add a few drops of
-concentrated nitric acid and boil to ensure oxidation of iron. Add about
4 g of ammonium chloride previously dissolved in water. Add two drops
of methyl red indicator and make it just alkaline with dilute ammonium
hydroxide solution. Boil for a few minutes until the precipitate coagulates.
Wash the precipitate with hot ammonium
Filter through a filter paper.
nitrate solution until the washings are free from chlorides.
Preserve the
filtrate for test described in 10. Dry the filter paper containing the residue
and ignite to constant mass.
9.3 Calculation
Iron and aluminium oxides,
percent by mass
100 Al
A
where
Al = mass in g of the ignited residue, and
A = mass in g of the prepared sample taken for the test in 8.2.
10. DETERMfNATION
OF CALCIUM
OXIDE
10.0 General - Calcium oxide may be~determined either by the permanganate method or by the EDTA method.
In case of dispute, the permanganate method shali be considered as the referee method.
10.1 Permanganate
Method
10.1.1 Reagents
10.1.1.1
10.1.1.2
10.1.1.3
approximately
approximately
same as in 9.1.3.
10
5 N.
5 N and 1 N.
18 t 1288- 1982
10.1.1.4
saturated in water.
10.1.1.5
potassium
approximately
solution -
approximately
permanganate
5 percent (m/v).
approximately
0.1
5 N.
solution -
approximately
10.1.2 Procedure - To the filtrate reserved in 9.2, add dilute hydrochloric acid in slight excess.
Heat to near boiling and add a few drops of
ammonium hydroxide ( 5 N ) to make it clearly alkaline.
If necessary,
Add oxalic acid solution
add a few more drops of methyl red indicator.
drop by drop until the indicator becomes just red. While keeping the
solution near boiling; add about 40 ml of ammonium oxalate solution
slowly with stirring. Allow the precipitate to stand on a boiling water-bath
for 30 minutes and then decant the supernatant solution through a filter
paper ( Whatman No. 42 or equivalent ), There is no need to transfer the
precipitate to the filter paper.
Dissolve the precipitate remaining in the
beaker in minimum quantity of dilute hydrochloric acid by heating to
boiling and add dilute ammonium hydroxide ( 5 N ) dropwise until a
precipitate begins to form.
Dilute to about 100 ml, heat to near boiling
and add about 20 ml of ammonium oxalate solution slowly with stirring.
Allow to stand on a boiling water-bath for 2 hours.
10.1.2.1 Transfer the precipitate to the filter paper and wash the
precipitate first with dilute ammonium hydroxide ( 1 N ) and then with
cold water until the filtrate does not decolourize a hot dilute potassium
permanganate solution ( 01 percent ) in presence of dilute sulphuric acid.
Reserve both the filtrate washings for test in 11.1.2.
10.1.2.2 Puncture the filter paper and transfer the precipitate to the
beaker with a fine jet of hot water. Then wash the filter paper five times
with hot dilute sulphuric acid using 10 ml of the acid each time and
collecting the washings in the beaker. Heat the contents of the beaker
to dissolve the precipitate,
Allow the solution to cool and then dilute
it in a graduated flask to 100 ml. Pipette out 25 ml of the solution
into a conical flask, add 20 ml of dilute sulphuric acid and heat to 60C.
Titrate with standard potassium permanganate solution.
10.1.3
Calculation
Calcium oxide (CaO),
percent by mass =
11.22 NV
A
where
JV = normality of the standard potassium permanganate
11
sohrtion,
IS t -1288 - 1982
V = volume in ml of standard potassium permanganate
. used in the titration, and
solution
10.2
EDTA
19.2.1
Method
Reagents
10.2.1.1 Ammonium ,ghloride - Ammonium hydroxide bu$r solution Dissolve 67.5 g of ammonium chloride in 570 ml of concentrated ammonium hydroxide and make to one litre.
10.2.1.2 Potassium hydroxide approximately IO N-The
solution should
be freshly prepared from AR quality potassium hydroxide 56 g dissolved
in 100 ml water.
10.2.1.3 Standard calcium chloride solution O*Ol .N - Dissolve 0.500 g
of pure calcium carbonate (calcite crystals ) in 10 ml of approximately
3 N hydrochloric acid and dilute to a volume of exact 1 litre.
10.2.1.4 Eriochrome black T indicator - Dissolve O-5 g of Eriochrome
black T (F 241) and 4.5 g of hydroxylamine
hydrochloride in 100 ml
of 95 percent ethanol.
10.2.1.5 Patton and Reeders indicator - Mix 0.1 g of 2-hydroxy ( 2-hydroxy-4 sulphuc-l-napthylaxo
) 3-naphthoic
acid with 10 g of potassium
Preserve in
chloride and grind into a fine mixture fin a glass mortar.
a well stoppered dry amber coloured glass bottle.
10.2.1.6
Ethylenediaminetetraacetate
(EDTA)
(Verscnate)
solution approxi-
Dissolve 2-00 g of disodium dihydrogen ethylenediaminetet.raacetate and O-05 g of magnesium chloride hexahydrate in water and
dilute to a volume of 1 litre. Standardize the solution against standard
calcium chloride solution using the titration procedure given in 10.2.2.2.
The solution is standardized, using each of the indicators Eriochrome
black T, and P and R indicator.
mately 0.01 N -
1.0.22
flask.
Procedure
10.2.2.1
IS : 1288 * 1982
Add 0 4 g indicator and
cyanide and hydroxylamine
hydrochloride.
immediately titrate with continuous stirring until no further colour changes
and the test solution is clear blue without any tinge of violet,
5
10.2.3 Calculation
Calcium oxide (CaO),
percent by mass =
140.2 V$i,
-A
where
Va = volume in ml of standard;iEDTA
tion,
Ms=
molarity
of EDTA
solution, ti,
10.2.2.1.
11. DETERMINATION
OF MAGNESIUM
OXIDE
11.0 General - Magnesium oxide may be determined. either by pyrophosphate method or by EDTA method. In ease of dispute, pyrophosphatc
method shall be considered as the referee method.
,
,.I
11.1 Pyrophosphate Method
i-5
11.1.1 Reagents
11.1.1.1 Concentrated nitric acid -
same as in
8.1.1.
sambas in,&1.2.
*,
s&ion
\\. 6;
approximately
25
11.1.1.4 Phcnolphthalein indicator solution-- Dissolve 0.1 g of phenolphthalein in 100 ml of 60 percent rectified spirit.
11.1.1.5
Dilute~ammonium hydroxide -
same as in 10.1.1.2.
IS t 1288T1982
overnight.
Filter, wash the precipitate with dilute ammonium hydroxide
( 1 N ) until washings are free ~from chlorides.
Place the filter -paper with
its contents in a tared silica crucible.
Dry in an air-oven, char the filter
paper by gentle heating over low flame and then slowly increase the flame
and finish by heating at 900 to 950C till the precipitate is almost white.
Cool the crucible in a desiccator and weigh.
11.1.3
Calculation
36.21 MI
M
where
11.2
Ml
obtained,
and
EDTA Method
11.2.1 Reagents
11.2.1.1
Erichrome
5 g of hydroxylamine
black T indicator
hydrochloride
11.2.1.2 Triethanolamine
11.2.1.3
Ammonium
11.2.1.4
Potassium
hydroxide-ammonium
chloride
5 percent.
of EDTA solution =
10 MI
T
where
MI = molarity of standard magnesium solution, and
14
1s : 1288 - 1982
- 11.2.2 Procedure -Pipette
out an aliquot volume same as in calcium
oxide determination
( 10.2.2.2 ) of the diluted solution, reserved
in 10.2.2, into a 250-ml conical flask. Add 20 ml of water and 50 ml
of ammonium
hydroxide-ammonium
chloride buffer solution. A few
hydrochloride
and triethanolamine
drops of
KCN,
hydroxylamine
are added and then titrate with standard EDTA
solution until the
colour changes from winesred to distinct blue.
11.2.3 Calculation
Magnesium oxide (MgO),
percent by mass
_ 100.8 (?a-V)
--
M,
where
V, = volume in ml of standard EDTA solution used in 11.2.2,
V q volume in ml of standard EDTA solution used in 10.2.2.2;
Ma = molarity of standard
EDTA
solution as obtained in
11.2.1.4, and
A = mass in g of the prepared sample taken for the test in
8.2.
12. DETERMINATION
OF SULPHUR
SULPHATE
DIHYDRATE
TRIOXIDE
AND CALCIUM
12.0 General - Sulphur trioxide and calcium sulphate contents are calculated from the mass of barium sulphate precipitate obtained from the
sample.
12.1 Reagents
12.1.1 Dilute Hydrochloric Acid -
same as in 8.1.1.
( see IS : -264-1976*
).
( see IS : 266-1977t
1.
12.2 Procedure
- 0.2 g sample decomposed with 50 ml of dilute hydroFilter through No. 40 Whatman filter paper transferringthe
chloric acid.
entire solution, wash with hot water 6 times or till free from sulphate.
*Specification
TSpecification
15
IS : 1288 - 1982
Dilute the filtrate to 200 ml. Boil the solution and precipitate the sulphate
Digest on water bath for
with this stream of 20 ml of barium chloride.
4 hours.
12.2.1 Filter through No. 42 Whatman Filter paper.
Wash with hot
Transfer into a ~25-ml porcelain crucible.
water till free from chloride.
Burn the filter paper at low heat, then ignite at about 8OOC. Treat the
ignited precipitate with one or two drops each of concentrated nitric acid
and sulphuric acid to moisten the precipitate
and ignite. Cool in a
desiccator and weigh.
X2.3 Calculation
a) Sulphur trioxide (SOS),
percent by mass
-34*30
x Mr , and
M
73.74 Ml
M
where
Ml
13. ALTERNATE
METHOD
CALCIUM
SULPHATE
FOR
and
DETERMINATlON
OF
13.1 Reagents
13.1.1 Ammonium Acerate Soiution - Dissolve 454 g of ammonium acetate in 2 litres of water.
Add ammonium hydroxide to make the solution
distinctly ammoniacal.
13.1.2 Diatomaceous Silica - Wash gieselguhr
and dry to constant mass at 105 to 110%.
13.1.3
Ammonium
Hydroxide -
20 percent
( m/m ).
13.2 Procedure
- Place about 4 g of the material, accurately weighed,
in a 600-ml beaker. Add 350 ml of ammonium acetate solution, stirring
the mixture thoroughly so as to loosen the matter from the bottom of the
Add about 0.2 g of diatomaceous silica, accurately weighed,
beaker.
to the mixture and heat at 70C on a water-bath for 30 minutes with freKeep the solvent distinctly ammoniacal during this period
quent stirring.
by adding ammonium hydroxide, if necessary. Filter the mixture through
a weighed Gooch crucible applying suction, if necessary.
Stir frequently
and keep the diatomaceous
silica suspended in the liquid.
Wash the
16
lSrl288-lm2
residue with five lo-ml portions of hot ammonium acetate solution,
draining thoroughly after each washing. Repeat washing with eight IO-ml
Dry the crucible in an oven at 70C
portions of ammonia wash solution.
to constant mass.
13.3 Calcalatien
Calcium sulphate (CaSO,.XHsO),
percent by mass
A _
L-
(B_-C)
where
A = mass in g of the material taken for the test,
B = final mass in g of the ~crucible and the contents after
drying, and
C = initial mass in g of the crucible
maceous silica used as filter-aid.
14. DETERMINATION
OF SODIUM
calcium
sulphate
CHLORIDE
14.1 Apparatus
14.1.1 Jvessle~
CylrndcF-
14.2 Reagents
14.2.1 Dilute Nitric Acid 14.2.2
approximately
5 N.
approximately
5 percent ( m/v ).
17
IS : 1288 - 1982
Collect the filtrate and washings in Nessler cylinder.
Add
hot water.
Dilute the
5 ml of dilute nitric acid and 1 ml of silver nitrate solution.
solution with water to 50 ml. In the other Nessler cylinder, add 5 ml
of dilute nitric acid and 1 ml of silver nitrate solution and then with the
help of a burette, add standard sodium chloride solution A or B till the
turbidity in the cylinder containing the material under test is the same as
that in the control cylinder when diluted to 50 ml. Solution A to be used
where the amount of sodium chloride does not exceed O-01 percent. For
larger percentage of sodium chloride, use solution B.
14.4 Calculation
Sodium chloride
where
V = volume in ml of standard sodium chloride solution added,
APPENDIX
( Clause 0.6 )
PROCEDURE
FOR
RECALCULATION
OF RESULTS
A-1. PROCEDURE
A-1.0 Since it is frequently advisable to recalculate the results obtained
in the chemical analysis in order that they may be more enlightening,
the following procedure is recommended.
A-l.1 -Multiply percentage of magnesium oxide ( see I1 ) by 2.091 to find
the percentage of~magnesium carbonate.
A-l.2 Multiply percentage of magnesium oxide ( see 11 ) by l-091 to find
percentage of carbon dioxide present as magnesium carbonate.
A-1.3 Deduct carbon dioxide present as magnesium carbonate (see A-1.2)
from the total carbon dioxide determined (see 7) and multiply the difference by 2.274 to find percentage of calcium carbonate.
18
IS : 1288 - 1982
A-l.4Add together the percentages of silicon dioxide, iron and aluminium
oxides, magnesium carbonate
and calcium carbonate
and report the
aggregate.
A-l.5 Multiply
the percentage
A-l.6 From the total percentage of calcium oxide ( see 10 ) deduct the
percentage of calcium oxide present as calcium carbonate ( see A-1.5 ).
The remainder may be called available calcium oxide .
A-I.7 The percentage
bear to the percentage
A-l.8 If the 6 available calcium oxide is in excess, multiply the percentage of sulphur trioxide by 0699 and subtract the result from percentage
of available calcium oxide. The remainder is reported as excess calcium
oxide .
A-1.9If sulphur trioxide is in excess, multiply the percentage of available calcium oxide by l-430 and subtract the result from the percentage
of sulphur trioxide. The remainder is reported as excess sulphur trioxide .
A-1.10 Add together the percentages of them available calcium oxide and
sulphur trioxide and subtract the excess calcium oxide or excess sulphur
trioxide . The remainder is the percentage of total calcium sulphate.
A-l.11 If calcium sulphate is present as CaSO~.~HsO, the percentage of
total calcium sulphate ( see A-1.10) should bear to the percentage of combined water ( see 6 ) a ratio of 15 12 to 1. Determine which of the two is
in excess.
A-I.12 If calcium sulphate is in excess and some of it is present in anhydrous form, multiply the percentage of combined water by 15.12 to find the
percentage of calcium sulphate present as CaSOd.4Hs0.
The difference
between the total calcium sulphate and the percentage of calcium sulphate
as CaSOd.#HsO is the calcium sulphate in anhydrous form.
A-1.13 If water is in excess, some of the calcium sulphate is present as
gypsum ( CaS01.2Ha0
). Let X be the percentage of calcium sulphate
hemihydrate, and Y be the percentage of dihydrated calcium sulphate:
then:
a) X + Y = percentage of total calcium sulphate ( as found
in A-1.10)
+ percentage of water, and
b) O-062 06 X + 0.209 3Y 19
percentage
of combined water.
is:l288-112
Solve these equations for X and II. Report X as percentage of Calcioed gypsum ( CaSO,.fHsO
). Report Tas percentage of gypsum (CaSOd.
2HsO).
A-2.
CALCULATION
A-2.1 Having
follows:
made
the calculations,
the
results
CcJxJfifaGnt
Gypsum
Calcined
.2HsO)
gypsum
reported
as
...
( CaS04.#Hs0
( CaSOl
Excess calcium
he
Pcrccnt
(CaSO,
Anhydride
may
...
...
oxide ( CaO )
...
trioxide
...
or
Excess sulphur
Sodium chloride
( SOs )
.-.
( NaCl )
mother ingredients
...
Total
lO@OO
NOTE - The presence of the different forma of calcium sulphate may be corroborated by a microscopic examination.
20
Bhavan,
Telephones:
9 Bahadur
323 0131,323
Fax : 91 11 3234062,91
3375,323
110002
9402
11 3239399,
91 11 3239382
Telegrams
: Manaksanstha
(Common
Central
Laboratory:
Regional
Central
Eastern
Industrial
Area, Sahibabad
to all Offices)
Telephone
201010
8-77 00 32
Offices:
Northern
: SC0
335-336,
: C.I.T.
Southern
Campus,
TWestern : Manakalaya,
MUMBAI 400093
IV Cross
Road, CHENNAi
323 76 17
337 86 62
160022
60 38 43
600113
235 23 15
Exchange,
Andheri
(East),
832 92 95
Branch Offices:
Pushpak,
Nurmohamed
Shaikh
Complex,
Marg, Khanpur,
1st Stage,
670 Avinashi
16 A, Mathura
Road, FARIDABAD
5th By-lane,
5-8-56C,
Station
Marg, C-Scheme,
1171418 B, Sarvodaya
NIT Building,
Second
Floor, Gokulpat
Industrial
Institution
of Engineers
Estate,
Office is at Novelty
8-28 88 01
8-71 19 96
GUWAHATI
781003
541137
500901
20 IO 83
37 29 25
208005
Market,
21 68 76
Naval Kishore
NAGPUR
Road,
2389
440010
Approach,
Chambers,
26 23 05
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM
32 36 35
695034
23
52 51 71
P.O. Palayam,
21 01 41
121001
PATNA 800013
(India) Building
University
40 36 27
641037
302001
Patliputra
55 40 21
751001
Road, HYDERABAD
JAIPUR
Nagar, KANPUR
839 49 55
201001
E-52, Chitaranjan
550 1348
Road, COIMBATORE
380001
Road,
Buildings,
Seth Bhawan,
LUCKNOW
AHMEDABAD
Bangalore-Tumkur
Narashimaraja
17
271085
400007
309 65 28
Square,
Printed
621
222 39 71
at Simco
Printing
Press,
Delhi