Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
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"Aprob"
Prorector pentru calitate i integrare n nvmnt
IP USMF Nicolae Testemianu
Profesor universitar
Olga Cernechi
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23. Parasympathetic portion of the vegetative nervous system, central and peripheral structures. General data about
metasympathetic system.
24. The cervical portion of the sympathetic trunk ganglia, topography, structure, branches, zones of innervations.
Vegetative plexuses around of blood vessels of head and neck.
25. The thoracic portion of the sympathetic trunk topography, ganglia (structure and its account), branches. Vegetative
plexuses of thoracic cage - formation, distribution, zones of innervations.
26. The lumbar portion of the sympathetic trunk, vegetative plexuses of the abdominal cavity formation, distribution,
zones of innervations.
27. The sacral portion of the sympathetic trunk, vegetative plexuses of the pelvic cavity formation, distribution, zones of
innervations.
28. Parasympathetic ganglions of head and neck, structure and topography. Pre- and postganglionic fibers, its origin and
distribution.
29. General data about sense analyzers (informational systems), its components. Classification of the sense organs.
30. Organ of vision components, functional meaning. Eye ball external conformation, sizes, parts, structure,
examination on an alive person.
31. Auxiliary apparatus of the eye, structure, topography, examination on an alive person.
32. Optic nerve, formation of the optic chiasm and tract. Pathway of the visual analyzer, its scheme.
33. Vestibulocohlear analyzer general data. External and middle ear structure, topography, components. Auditory tube
parts, structure, functional importance.
34. Internal ear location , parts, external and internal shape, structure.
35. Vestibulocohlear nerve composition, nuclei, path, ganglia, relationship with brain and skull. Pathway of the
vestibular analyzer, its scheme.
36. Pathway of the acoustic analyzer receiving and transmitter parts, cortical and subcortical centers, connections.
Pathway of the acoustic analyzer, its scheme.
37. Olfactory nerve and analyzer, its pathway and scheme. Terminal nerve.
38. Taste organ, its pathway and scheme.
39. Clinical examination of vestibulocohlear, smell and taste analyzers.
40. Skin analyzer structure, functional meaning. Pathway of the touch, pain and temperature senses, its schemes.
II. Blood and lymphatic circulatory systems
41. General data about blood and lymphatic circulatory system. Blood vessels classification, functional meaning.
Scheme of the cardiovascular system.
42. Heart placement, anatomical position, external configuration, individual, age and sexual features.
43. Heart chambers, internal structure of the atria and ventricles.
44. Structure of the cardiac walls, morphological peculiarities at the level of atria and ventricles. Cardiac fibrous skeleton.
45. Valve apparatus of the heart components, locations, structure, functions. Valve projection on the anterior wall of
thoracic cage (scheme). Places of auscultations of heart sounds.
46. Abnormalities of hearts development, classification.
47. Topography of the heart, projection on the anterior wall of thoracic cage the heart boundaries (scheme), exploration on
alive.
48. Aorta origin, topography, segments, exploration on an alive person
49. Ascending aorta limits, topography, branches. Coronary arteries origin, path, branches, areas of blood supplying,
anastomoses, variants and abnormalities, exploration an alive person.
50. Arch of the aorta relationship between neighborhood structures, branches, variants.
51. Common carotid artery origin, path, topography, branches, variants of splitting, exploration on an alive person.
Sinocarotid reflexogenic zone components, functional role.
52. External carotid artery origin, path, topography, branches, regions of supplying, variants of division, anastomoses,
exploration on alive, points for taking arterial pulse and comprising arteries to stop bleeding.
53. Internal carotid artery topography, partition, branches, regions of supplying, anastomoses, exploration on an alive
person.
54. Subclavian artery origin, topography, partition, branches, regions of supplying, anastomoses. Projection and
exploration on alive, points for taking arterial pulse and compression of the arteries to stop bleeding.
55. Axillary and arm arteries origin, path, partition, topography, branches, anastomoses, regions of supplying, projection
and exploration on an alive person, points for taking arterial pulse and compression of the arteries to stop bleeding.
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56. Forearm and hand arteries origin, path, topography, branches, anastomoses, regions of supplying, projection and
exploration on an alive person. Points for taking arterial pulse.
57. Arterial networks and arches of the upper limb formation, functional and clinical considerations. Main arterial
collaterals of the upper limb.
58. Thoracic aorta limits, topography, branches, anastomoses, regions of supplying.
59. Abdominal aorta limits, topography, path, classification of branches, regions for compression of the arteries to stop
bleeding. Parietal branches of abdominal aorta origin, spreading, anastomoses, regions of supplying.
60. Unpaired visceral branches of abdominal aorta origin, topography, distribution, anastomoses, regions of supplying,
variations.
61. Paired visceral branches of abdominal aorta origin, topography, distribution, anastomoses, and regions of supplying,
variations.
62. Common and external iliac arteries origin, path, topography, branches, distribution, anastomoses, regions of
supplying.
63. Internal iliac artery origin, path, topography, branches, distribution, anastomoses, regions of supplying, gender
specific features.
64. Femoral and popliteal arteries origin, path, topography, branches, distribution, anastomoses, regions of supplying,
exploration on alive, points for taking arterial pulse and compression of the arteries to stop bleeding.
65. Leg and foot arteries origin, topography, branches, distribution, anastomoses, regions of supplying. Points for taking
arterial pulse on the leg and foot arteries.
66. Arterial networks and arches of the lower limb formation, functional and clinical considerations.
67. Blood vessels of pulmonary circulation. Pulmonary trunk and arteries origin, topography, branches. Pulmonary veins
formation, tributaries, anastomoses, path, and drainage.
68. General review of the superior vena cava system. Head and neck veins origin, topography, tributaries, anastomoses,
regions of blood drainage, clinical considerations, exploration on alive. Cervical neurovascular bundle (carotid sheath)
topography, components.
69. Veins of the upper limb classification, tributaries, exploration on alive and clinical considerations.
70. Subclavian, brachiocephalic and inferior cava veins origin, path, topography, tributaries, regions of blood drainage,
anastomoses, clinical considerations.
71. General review of the inferior vena cava system. Veins of the lower limb topography, tributaries, exploration on an
alive person, clinical considerations.
72. Iliac veins origin, topography, tributaries, anastomoses, regions of blood drainage.
73. Inferior cava vein origin, path, topography, parietal and visceral tributaries, regions of blood drainage, cava-caval
anastomoses.
74. Portal vein system. Portal vein origin, topography, tributaries, divisions, examination on alive. Porto-caval
anastomoses, functional and clinical significances.
75. Fetal blood circulation.
76. Lymphatic nodes and vessels of the head and neck, examination on an alive person.
77. Lymphatic nodes and vessels of the upper limb, examination on an alive person.
78. Lymphatic nodes and vessels of the thorax.
79. Lymphatic nodes and vessels of the lower limb, examination on an alive person.
80. Lymphatic nodes and vessels of the abdomen and pelvis.
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III. Blood vessels, lymphatics and innervations of the organs and parts of the body
Skin innervations of the head and neck.
Blood supply and nerve supply to the head muscles.
Blood supply and nerve supply to the neck muscles.
Blood vessels, nerve supply and lymph drainage of the teeth.
Blood supply and nerve supply to the salivary glands.
Blood supply and nerve supply to the tongue (scheme).
Blood supply to the brain, scheme of arterial circle of the brain.
Pathways of the brain venous drainage.
Innervation of the cerebral meninges, importance of prof. B. Z. Perlins research in this field.
Blood supply and nerve supply to the external and middle ears.
Blood supply and nerve supply to the eye and its annexes.
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Graphical representation of some aspects of cardiovascular, peripheral nervous systems and sense organs
Projection of the heart on the anterior thoracic wall (skeletotopy) .
Projection of the heart valves on the anterior thoracic wall
Innervation of the heart
Formation of the spinal nerve
Topography of the cranial nerves nuclei on the rhomboid fossa
Arterial circle of the brain
The corticonuclear tract
Conductive pathway of the trigeminal nerve
Conductive pathway of the facial nerve
Conductive pathway of the glossopharyngeal nerve
Conductive pathway of the vagus nerve
Reflex arch of the vegetative nervous system
Location of the vegetative nervous centers
Conductive pathway of the optic analyzer
Nerve-supply of the muscles of the eyeball
Conductive pathway of the acustic analyzer
Conductive pathway of the vestibular analyzer
Conductive pathway of the smell analyzer
Conductive pathway of the taste analyzer
Nerve-supply of the tongue
Conductive pathway of the tactile sense
Conductive pathway of the pain and temperature
I. Catereniuc