Lab 9: Muscles of Lower Extremity, Abdomen, and Skull
Muscle
Pelvic Region
Iliopsoas: Iliacus/psoas
major
-Can be seen on anterior
surface medial to sartorius
-Iliacus- fan-shaped, more
lateral
-Psoas major- longer,
thicker and more medial
Gluteal Muscles (posterior
hip)
Gluteus maximus
-Largest and most
superficial of glutes
-Meant for powerful
movements
Gluteus medius
-Deep to gluteus max.
Walking” Muscles
Gluteus minimus
-Smallest and deepest of
glutes
-Walking” Muscles
Piriformis- landmark
-Posterior part of hip joint
Origin Insertion Action Synergists Antagonists
Move femur
1. Transverse process Lesser trochanter of Flexion at Hip -Adductor longus -Gluteus maximus
and bodies of lumbar femur -Sartorius -Biceps femoris
vertebrae (psoas major) -Rectus femoris -Semitendinosus
2. Iliac Fossa (iliacus) -Semimembranosus
-Adductor magnus
Torso Flexion
Common origin on pelvis or sacrum Abduction of Thigh
1. Ilium Gluteal tuberosity of Extension at Hip -Biceps femoris -Adductor longus
2. Sacrum femur -Semitendinosus -Sartorius
3. Coccyx -Semimembranosus -Rectus femoris
-Adductor magnus -Iliopsoas
Lateral rotation at Hip -Sartorius -Gluteus medius
-Gluteus minimus
-Adductor magnus
-Adductor longus
-Gracilis
Abduction at Hip -Gluteus medius -Adductor magnus
-Gluteus minimus -Adductor longus
-Sartorius -Gracilis
Ilium Greater trochanter of Medial Rotation at Hip -Adductor magnus -Sartorius
femur -Adductor longus -Gluteus maximus
-Gracilis
Abduction at Hip -Gluteus maximus Adductor magnus
-Sartorius -Adductor longus
-Gracilis
Ilium Greater trochanter of Medial Rotation at Hip -Adductor magnus -Sartorius
femur -Adductor longus -Gluteus maximus
-Gracilis
Abduction at Hip -Gluteus maximus Adductor magnus
-Sartorius -Adductor longus
-Gracilis
Anterolateral surface of Greater trochanter of Only need to ID: Follow sciatic nerve up leg, ends in triangular shaped muscle,
sacrum femur inferior to the gluteus minimus, pyramidal shaped
Muscle
Thigh (Anterior)
Sartorius (exception)
-Longest muscle, runs
obliquely across anterior
surface of thigh
-“Indian style” sitting
Quadriceps Femoris
-Rectus femoris
-Vastus muscles (3)
Rectus Femoris
-Superficial, runs straight
down anterior surface of
thigh
Vastus lateralis
-Lateral part of thigh
-Largest head of quads
Vastus medialis
-Inferomedial part of thigh
Vastus intermedius
-Deep to rectus femoris
-Between other vastus
muscles
Tensor fasciae latae
Iliotibial (IT) Band
Origin Insertion Action Synergists Antagonists
Tibial tuberosity of Extension of knee (
tibia
Anterior superior iliac spine Medial proximal tibia Flexion of Knee Biceps femoris -Hamstrings
-Semimembranosus -Short head biceps
-Semitendinosus femoris
-Gracilis -Adductor magnus
-Gluteus maximus
Abduction at Hip -Gluteal Muscles -Adductor magnus
-Adductor longus
-Gracilis
Lateral rotation at Hip -Gluteus Maximus -Adductors
-Gracilis
Flexion at Hip --Adductor longus --Hamstrings
-Rectus femoris -Adductor magnus
-Iliopsoas
Tibial tuberosity via Extension of knee - -Biceps femoris
patellar tendon -Semimembranosus
-Semitendinosus
-Sartorius
-Gracilis
-Gastrocnemius
Anterior inferior iliac spine Tibial tuberosity via Extension at Knee Rectus femoris See Quad Antagonists
patellar tendon Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus lateralis
Flexion at Hip Semimembranosus -Hamstrings
-Semitendinosus -Adductor magnus
-Sartorius -Gluteus maximus
Linea aspera of posterior Tibial tuberosity via Extension at Knee Rectus femoris See Quad Antagonists
femur patellar tendon Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
Linea aspera of posterior Tibial tuberosity via Extension at Knee Rectus femoris See Quad Antagonists
femur patellar tendon Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Anterior Femur Tibial tuberosity via Extension at Knee Rectus femoris See Quad Antagonists
patellar tendon Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
Anterior Iliac crest and ASIS IT band ID ONLY- TFL pulls on IT band, which is a thickened fascia that runs down
lateral side of thigh. TFL overlies rectus femoris and vastus lateralis.
Iliac crest Knee
Muscle Origin Insertion Action Synergists Antagonists
Thigh (Medial) Adductors at Hip
Gracilis Inferior ramus of pubis Medial proximal tibia Flexion of Knee -Biceps femoris -Rectus femoris
-Long, thin superficial -Semimembranosus -Vastus lateralis
muscle of medial thigh -Semitendinosus -Vastus medialis
-Sartorius -Vastus intermedius
-Gastrocnemius
Adduction at Hip -Adductor magnus -Gluteal Muscles
-Adductor longus -Sartorius
Adductor longus Pubis Linea aspera of Flexion at hip -Sartorius -Hamstrings
-Most anterior of adductor posterior femur -Rectus femoris -Adductor magnus
muscles, overlies middle -Iliopsoas -Gluteus maximus
aspect of adductor magnus Adduction at Hip -Adductor Magnus -Gluteal Muscles
-Gracilis -Sartorius
Medial Rotation at Hip -Adductor magnus -Gluteus Maximus
-Gracilis -Sartorius
-Gluteus medius
-Gluteus minimus
Adductor magnus 1. Ischial ramus 1. Linea aspera of Flexion at Hip (ant) -Sartorius -Hamstrings
-Triangular muscle, medial to 2. Inferior pubic ramus posterior femur -Rectus femoris -Adductor magnus
Semimembranosus, lateral to 3. Ischial tuberosity 2. Medial -Iliopsoas -Gluteus maximus
Gracilis supracondylar line of Adduction at Hip (ant) -Adductor longus -Gluteal Muscles
-Anterior part acts like femur -Gracilis -Sartorius
adductor 3. Adductor tubercle Medial Rotation (ant) -Adductor longus -Gluteus Maximus
-Posterior part acts like of femur -Gracilis -Sartorius
hamstring -Gluteus medius
-Gluteus minimus
Extension of hip (post) -Hamstrings --Sartorius
-Gluteus maximus -Rectus femoris
-Iliopsoas
-Adductor Longus
Muscle Origin Insertion Action Synergists Antagonists
Thigh (Posterior) Flexion of knee
Hamstrings Ischial tuberosity Extend hip, flex knee
Biceps Femoris 1. Long head- Ischial 1. Head of fibula Flexion at Knee -Gracilis -Rectus femoris
-Long head is medial to short tuberosity 2. Proximal lateral -Semimembranosus -Vastus lateralis
head 2. Short head- Linea aspera tibia -Semitendinosus -Vastus medialis
-Only long head is hamstring of posterior femur -Sartorius -Vastus intermedius
-Most lateral of hamstrings -Gastrocnemius
Extension at Hip (only -Gluteus maximus -Adductor Longus
long head) -Semitendinosus -Iliopsoas
-Semimembranosus -Sartorius
-Adductor magnus -Rectus Femoris
Semitendinosus Ischial tuberosity Proximal medial tibia Flexion at Knee -Gracilis -Rectus femoris
-Medial to biceps femoris (with Gracilis and -Semimembranosus -Vastus lateralis
Sartorius) -Biceps Femoris -Vastus medialis
-Sartorius -Vastus intermedius
-Gastrocnemius
Extension at Hip -Gluteus maximus -Adductor Longus
-Long head of biceps -Iliopsoas
femoris -Sartorius
-Semimembranosus -Rectus Femoris
-Adductor magnus
Semimembranosus Ischial tuberosity Proximal medial tibia Flexion at Knee -Gracilis -Rectus femoris
-Deep and medial to (not with Gracilis and -Biceps Femoris -Vastus lateralis
Semitendinosus, lateral to Sartorius) -Semitendinosus -Vastus medialis
adductor magnus -Sartorius -Vastus intermedius
-Gastrocnemius
Extension at Hip -Gluteus maximus -Adductor Longus
-Long head of biceps -Iliopsoas
femoris -Sartorius
-Semitendinosus -Rectus Femoris
-Adductor magnus
Muscle
Leg (Posterior Comp.)
Gastrocnemius
-Part of triceps surae, on
posterior calf
-Superficial muscle
-2 heads (lateral and medial)
-Forms proximal curve of
calf
Soleus
-Part of triceps surae, flat /
broad
-Deep to Gastrocnemius on
posterior surface
Tibialis posterior
-Thick, flat muscles deep to
soleus
-Crossed over by flexor
digitorum longus on distal
end
-Placed lateral to flexor
digitorum longus
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Leg (Anterior Comp.)
Tibialis Anterior
-Superficial muscles of
anterior leg
-Laterally parallels anterior
tibia
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Leg (Lateral Comp.)
Fibularis (longus and
Origin Insertion Action Synergists Antagonists
1. Medial condyle of femur Calcaneal tuberosity Flexion of Knee -Gracilis Triceps Brachii
2. Lateral condyle of femur via calcaneal tendon -Semimembranosus
-Semitendinosus
-Sartorius
-Biceps femoris
Plantar Flexion at -Tibialis posterior Tibialis anterior
Ankle -Soleus
-Fibularis
1. Superior tibia Calcaneal tuberosity Plantar Flexion at -Tibialis posterior - Tibialis anterior
2. Fibula via calcaneal tendon Ankle -Gastrocnemius
3. Interosseous membrane -Fibularis
To locate: originates on superior tibia and fibula and Plantar Flexion at -Soleus -Tibialis anterior
interosseous membrane, inserts into tarsals and Ankle -Gastrocnemius
metatarsals -Fibularis
-tendon is directly posterior to tibia, crosses under Inversion at Ankle -Tibialis anterior --Fibularis
flexor digitorum longus
Only Need to ID: long narrow, runs medial to Tibialis posterior and partially overlies it, originates on posterior tibia, inserts into
phalanges
To locate: originates on lateral condyle, interosseous Dorsiflexion at Ankle -Extensor digitorum -Gastrocnemius
membrane and inserts into inferior surface of medial longus -Soleus
cuneiform and 1st metacarpal -Tibialis posterior
-Tendon anterior to tibia -Fibularis
Inversion at Ankle -Tibialis Posterior -Fibularis
Only Need to ID: anterolateral surface of leg, lateral to Tibialis anterior, inserts on phalanges of digits 2-5,
To locate: longus originates on head and upper portion Plantar Flexion at -Tibialis posterior -Tibialis anterior
brevis)
-Longus: superficial, overlies
fibula
-Brevis is deep to longus,
smaller and wider
Muscle
Muscles of Mastication
Temporalis- fan shaped
muscles that covers temple of
skull
Masseter
-Covers lateral aspect of
mandibular ramus
Pterygoids
Muscles of Abdominal Wall
External oblique
Internal Oblique
Transversus Abdominis
Rectus Abdominis (6 pack)
Linea alba
of lateral side of fibula, same insertion as Tibialis Ankle -Gastrocnemius
anterior-first metatarsal and medial cuneiform -Soleus
Brevis originates on distal fibula shaft and inserts on Eversion at Ankle -Tibialis anterior
proximal end of fifth metatarsal -Tibialis posterior
Origin Insertion Action Synergist Antagonists
Elevate mandible
Temporal fossa (lateral Coronoid process of Elevation of Mandible Masseter Digastric
cranium) mandible Pterygoids
Zygomatic arch (bone + 1. Angle of mandible Elevation of Mandible Temporalis Digastric
process of temporal bone) 2. Ramus of mandible Pterygoids
Lateral Motion of Pterygoids
mandible
Lateral sphenoid Medial ramus of Elevation of Mandible Masseter, Temporalis Digastric
mandible Lateral Motion of Masseter
Mandible
Direction of Fibers Action Location
Superolaterally to inferomedially Flex trunk, Most superficial of lateral abs
Rotation of trunk
Lateral flexion of trunk
Inferolaterally to superomedially Flex trunk Deep to internal oblique
Rotation of trunk
Lateral flexion of trunk
Horizontal Compress viscera Deepest of lateral muscles
Vertical Flexion of trunk Medial muscle group, aponeuroses of
lateral muscles surround, separated by
3 tendinous intersections horizontally
ID only: tendinous raphe that runs vertically to separate left from right rectus abdominis