A Guideline to approach Labour Law I:

The following document contains important sections for Factories Act, Payment of
Wages Act and Minimum Wages Act, based on the experience of some seniors.
Please dont mug up any Section/Sub-section/proviso. Itll be enough to
remember the important points in the Sections mentioned below.
Make sure you remember the numbers (examples given below) for objective-type
questions. First, give a cursory read to all the sections of all the acts and then
read the following sections carefully (important from exam and interview pointof-view):
1. Factories Act, 1948:
Important Definitions:
factory (S 2(m)), occupier (S 2(n)),
manufacturing process(S 2(k)), worker (S.2(l)) You dont have to mug
up the entire definitions, but make sure you remember the essence of
the same.
Licensing (S. 6), registration (S 6), Duties of Occupier (S 7 & 7A),
Inspectors (S 8 & 9 9 is imp.) and certifying surgeons (S 10).
Health (11 - 20) Very Important expect objective, shortnotes/subjective question
Safety (21 - 41) - Very Important expect objective, shortnotes/subjective question
Hazardous processes (41-A - 41-H r/w 96-A) give a cursory read
Welfare (42 -50) - Very Important (esp. Section 46 and 47) expect
objective, short-notes/subjective question
Working hours (51, 54, 55, 6, 57, 58, 59, 60)
Holidays (52, 53)
Notice for Periods of work for Adult and Register of Adult workers (61,
62, 63) Important
Restrictions on employment of women (66) Very important for
objective questions
Employment of young persons (67 - 77) Important for objectives (67,
68, 71), Subjective/shot notes (Certificate of fitness (S 69, 70), Notice
and register of child workers (72, 73, 74 almost same as that of
adults)
Employment of women (special provisions): (22, 27, 48, 51, 54, 66, 70,
87 (b))
Annual leave with wages (78 -84) Important Sections: 79, 80
Special provisions (85 - 91-A) important sections: 87, 88, 89, 91
Penalties (92 - 106) Important Sections: 93, [92, 94, 95, 96. 96A, 97,
98, 99 Give cursory read]
Obligation and rights of workers 111, 111A
Notices to be maintained, Forms and Registers to be maintained they
are spread throughout the Act. So, make note of them while reading the
Act
The following list of objective type questions is not exhaustive. You can
expect questions like these:
i. Minimum no. of workers required to employ Welfare officer

ii. Min. no. of worker required to employ Safety Officer

iii. Min. no. of workers required to have a canteen in factory premises
iv. Min. no. of workers required to have a restrooms and lunch-rooms in
factory premises
v. Min. no. of workers required to have a crech
vi. Objectives related to age of young persons, working hours, leaves, rest
intervals, spreadover etc. are important
2. Payment of wages act, 1936:
Definition of Wage (2(vi))
Sections important for Objective-type questions: 3, 4, 5, 6, 20
Deductions: 7 (very important for subjective-type question), 9, 10, 11,
12
Fines: 8 (very important for subjective-type question)
Power of Inspectors: S 14(4)
Claims: S 15(2), (3) (4)
Appeal: 17
The following list of objective type questions is not exhaustive. You can
expect questions like these:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.

Max.
Max.
Max.
Max.
Max.

fine that can be levied from an employed person

time limit for recovery of fine
time limit to make an Appeal
wage period
time limit to pay wages.

3. Minimum wages act, 1948:

Definition: Adolescent - 2(a), adult 2(aa), child 2(bb), Cost of Living
Index No. - 2(d), Employer - 2(e)
Procedure of fixing Min. rates of wages: S 5 (Very Imp.)
Registers and records: 18
Power of Inspectors: 19(2)
Claims: 20
Penalties: 22, 22A
Other imp. Sections: 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14(1), 15, 16, 17, 22C,
30(2)(cursory reading)
For your own knowledge, give a reading to the concepts of Minimum
wage, Fair wage and Living Wage from Prof. Padhis book.
The following list of objective type questions is not exhaustive. You can
expect questions like these:
i.
ii.
iii.

Manner in which Min. wages should be paid

Max.
no.
of
independent
persons
in
committee/advisory board
Max. time period to file a claim

committee/sub-