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DesignofSteelStructures
Mahmud Dwaikat
Assistant Professor
Civil Engineering Dept.
An-Najah National University
2013/2014
1
DesignofSteelStructures
ThisisanIntroductorydesign course
Thecoursewillfocusontheelement/memberlevel
Attheendofthecourseyoushouldbeableto:
Design tension/ compressionmembers
Design simplesteelconnections(centric,eccentric)
Design beamsandbeamcolumns
UseSAP2000forsteeldesign
Workinateamfordesign
2
Grading
FirstExam
20%
SecondExam 20%
Project
20%
FinalExam
40%
[24/9/2013at4:00pm]
[12/11/2013at4:00pm]
TextandStyle
TextbookandReferences:
Segui,W.T.(2013),SteelDesign,5thedition,Cengage Learning,
Stamford,CT,US.
AISC2010SteelConstructionManual
Whiteboardnotesdeliveredbytheinstructor
StyleofLectures
PowerPointslidesformedia/pictures/illustrations/theory..etc
Handwrittennotesforinclassdiscussions/examples/illustration
4
UseofSteelinConstruction
WhatisSteel?HowisitdifferentfromIron?
Howmanytypesofsteelarethere?Guess!
CategoriesofSteel
CARBONSTEEL[0.2%to1.5%Carbon]+Fe
(A36,A53,A500,A501,A529,A570)=Grades?
LowCarbonSteel [~0.2%carbon]Uses:Sheets,wires,pipes,rebar
MildCarbonSteel [0.3%to0.7%carbon ]Uses:Rails,boilers,plates,axles,structures
HighCarbonSteel [0.7%to1.5%carbon ]Uses:Surgicalinstruments,razorblades,
cutlery,spring,construction
STAINLESSSTEEL[14%to28%chromiumand7%to9%nickel] +Fe
Uses:Caraccessories,watchcase,utensils,cutlery.
ALLOYSTEEL [Dependson%ofmetals]
MnSteel [10%18%Mn]
Uses:Railtracks,armorplate,safe.
SiSteel [1%to5%Si]
Uses:Permanentmagnet.
NiSteel [2%to4%Ni]
Uses:Machinecomponents,Gear,shaft,cable.
6
CarbonSteel
LowandMildCarbonSteels
Whatisthemostimportantpropertyof
reinforcingsteelbars?
StructuralSteel
HotRolledSteel
StructuralSteel
ColdFormedSteel
DifferentSteelSections
ByHotRolling
10
I beamVSHBeam(orWFbeam)
Whatistheprimedifference?Why?
I Beam
WideFlangeBeam
H Beam
11
SteelUsesinConstruction
Bridges
ExamplesofSteelConstruction
Industrialbuildingsandfactories
Largespans+Lightandquickconstruction
Officeandresidentialbuildings
Someterminologies
Purlin/Rafter
Bay
Bracing
SteelBracing
19
SteelStructuralSystems
Trusses:
All the members are connected using pin/hinge connections.
All external forces are applied at the pins/hinges.
Frames:
The horizontal members (beams) are subjected to flexure/moment only.
Momentresistingsteelframeaction
Momentis
mainlyresisted
bythejoints
Frameis
allowedto
sway
Shearresistingsteelframeaction
(BracedFrames)
Momentand
lateralloadis
resistedby
bracing
Whatswrong
inthis
building?
Howarethemembersconnected?
Byconnections!obviously!!
8090%offailurecasesarein
connections!
23
CodesandSpecifications
Codes/Standardsarecountryspecific,andhavethe
powerofLaw.(IBC,UBC,SBC,Palestinian?)
Codesreferyoutoguidelinesandspecifications
(AISC,AISI,ASTM,AASHTO,ACI,PCA,etc..)
LegalresponsibilityonfollowingCODES
Yourdesign,asanengineer,shouldfollowacertainCODE
(Palestinian? code)
DesignStrategies/Philosophies
Compareelasticstresswithdecreasematerial strength,(ASD)
Basicequation:Elastic<Fy /
Comparemagnifiedstress withmaterial strength(UDM)
Basicequation: Elastic<Fy
Comparereducedmember strengthRwithmagnifiedloadeffectQ(LRFD)
Basicequation:
Qi i Rn
25
LoadandResistanceFactorDesignLRFD
AISCLoadCombinations
AISCconsidersthefollowingloadcombinationsindesign
Qi i Rn
1 1.4 D
2 1.2 D 1.6 L 0.5( Lr or S or R)
Qi
i Rn
0.75 1.00
e.g. foryieldis0.9andforboltshearis0.75
Deadloads(D)
Liveloads(LL)
Occupancyload(L)
Roofload(Lr)
Snowload(S)
Rainloads(R)
Trucksand
pedestrians
WindLoads(W)
Earthquakes(E)
DeadLoads(D)/FromASCE07
Itisbettertocalculateit,
ratherthanborrowit
FlooringSystems
Column
MainBeam
Flooring
SecondaryBeam
LiveLoads SummaryTable
FromASCE07code
Building floors are usually subjected to uniform live loads or concentrated live
loads. They have to be designed to safely support these loads.
Type of occupancy
kPa
Offices
2.5 - 5
Corridors
Residential
Stadiums
Sidewalks
12
SteelMechanicalProperties
FU
Ultimate Strength
FY
Failure
Fracture
Yield Strength
Plastic
Elastic
Strain
30
GradesofSteel
usedinPalestine/MiddleEast
ASTM A36
248 MPa (36 ksi )
Themostcommonlyusedismildsteel
Fy
Fy
ASTM A992
344 MPa (50 ksi )
Fu
ASTM A242
Fy
Fu
LocalBucklinginsteelplates
32