PRESENT TENSE

El presente simple afirmativo se forma con el infinitivo del verbo sin "to".
En la 3 persona del singular (he, she, it) se aade una -s final al verbo.
I play
Yo juego
You play

T juegas

He plays

l juega

She plays

Ella juega

It plays

Juega

We play

Nosotros jugamos

You play

Vosotros jugis

They play
Ejemplos
I work as a secretary

Ellos juegan
Trabajo como secretaria

You call her every day

La llamas todos los das

He finishes his job

Termina su trabajo

She goes home

Se va a casa

It matters a lot

Importa mucho

We study maths

Estudiamos matemticas

You use a dictionary

Usis un diccionario

They like ice creams

Les gustan los helados
Formacin de la 3 persona
Como regla general, hemos dicho que la 3 persona del singular en presente simple lleva
una -s final. Pero hay excepciones segn el verbo termine en -y, -o, -ch, -sh, -ss, -x.
1 Si el verbo acaba en -y precedida de una consonante, se cambia la -y por -ies.
To cry
She cries
Ella llora
To study

He studies

l estudia

To fly
It flies
Vuela
2 Si la terminacin -y va precedida de una vocal, como hemos visto antes como el verbo
"to play", slo se le aadir una -s.
He plays (l estudia).
3 Si el verbo acaba en -o precedida de una consonante, se aadir -es.
To do
He does
l hace
To go
She goes
4 Si el verbo acaba en -ch, -sh, -ss, -x, se aade -es.
To watch
She watches

Ella va
Ella ve

To wash

he washes

l lava

To pass

She passes

Ella aprueba

To fix
He fixes
l arregla
Pronunciacin
Al igual que en los sustantivos, la pronunciacin del plural depender del sonido final.
1 Si termina en alguno de los sonidos sibilantes /s/, /z/, //, //, //, // la terminacin es se pronunciar /z/.
pass
passes
close

closes

doze

dozes

crash

crashes

watch

watches

judge
judges
2 Si termina en consonante sorda de sonido no sibilante /p/, /t/, /k/, /f/, // la "s" se
pronunciar como /s/.
hope
hopes
cut

cuts

work

works

surf

surfs

clothe
clothes
3 Si termina en vocal o consonante sonora de sonido no
sibilante /b/, /d/, /g/, /v/, //, /m/, /n/,//, /r/, /l/, la "s" se pronunciar como "s" sonora /Z/.
see
sees
understand

understands

sing

sings

drive

drives

come

comes

run

runs

order

orders

call

calls
AFIRMATIVO PASADO

El pasado simple de los verbos regulares tiene la siguiente estructura:

Infinitivo sin "to" + terminacin -ed
I worked
Yo trabaj, trabajaba
You worked

T trabajabas, trabajaste

He worked

l trabajaba, trabaj

We worked

Nosotros trabajbamos, trabajamos

You worked

Vosotros trabajbais, trabajsteis

They worked
Ellos trabajaban, trabajaron
Verbos irregulares
Los verbos irregulares no forman el pasado simple aadiendo la terminacin -ed.
No tienen regla fija, por lo que hay que estudiar la lista de los pasados irregulares.
Ejemplo del pasado del verbo "to go" (ir):
I went
Yo iba, fui
You went

T ibas, fuiste

He went

l iba, fue

We went

Nosotros bamos, fuimos

You went

Vosotros bais, fuisteis

They went
Ellos iban, fueron
Ejemplos
I played tennis yesterday
Jugu al tenis ayer
You told the truth

Dijiste la verdad

She cooked very well

Ella cocinaba muy bien

We wrote our letters

Escribimos nuestras cartas
Cambios ortogrficos en la formacin de la terminacin -ed:

1 A los verbos acabados en -e simplemente se le aaden una -d.

To move
I moved
Me mud
To love

She loved him

Lo am

To agree
We agreed
Estbamos de acuerdo
2 Los verbos monoslabos terminados en vocal seguida de una sola consonante o los
verbos bislabos acentuados en la ltima slaba, duplican la consonante final al aadirle ed.
To drop
He dropped it
Se le cay
To stop

They stopped

Pararon

To admit
I admitted it
Lo admit
3 Los verbos acabados en -l precedidos de una sola vocal duplican la -l final en el ingls
britnico.
To travel
You travelled
Viajabas
4 Los verbos acabados en -y precedida de consonante cambian la -y por -i y aaden -ed.
To study
They studied
Estudiaban
To carry
She carried
Llev
Sin embargo, si van precedidos por una vocal siguen la regla general de aadir -ed. Por
ejemplo:
To play
I played basketball
Jugaba al baloncesto
Pronunciacin de la forma -ed
La terminacin -ed en los verbos regulares depender de la terminacin de los verbos en su
modo infinitivo:
1 'ed' se pronuncia como /t/ en los verbos que terminan con un sonido sordo (no produce
vibracin en las cuerdas vocales) excepto los que acaban en "t".
Es decir, los verbos que acaban en /p/, /k/, /f/, //, /s/, //, //
stop
stopped
work

worked

stuff

stuffed

reach

reached

kiss

kissed

wash

washed

reach
reached
2 'ed' se pronuncia como /d/ en los verbos que terminan en vocal o con un sonido sonoro
(hay una vibracin en las cuerdas vocales) excepto la "d".
Es decir, las consonantes sonoras /b/, //, /g/, /v/, /z/, //, //, /m/, /n/, //, /l/, /r/
study
studied
rub

rubbed

hug

hugged

love

loved

use

used

massage

massaged

resume

resumed

prepare

prepared

measure
measured
3 'ed' se pronuncia como /Id/ en los verbos que terminan en /t/ o /d/.
decide
decided
wait

waited

hand

handed

hate

hated
PRESENTE NEGATIVA

En la leccin 11 formamos negaciones con el verbo to be, utilizando

am not, is not, y are not.
Con los otros verbos utilizamos DO NOT y DOES NOT.
Para formar la negacin coloca DO NOT o DOES NOT entre el sujeto y el
verbo.
I want. I do not want. (Yo no quiero.)
He wants. He does not want. (l no quiere.)
La letra S al final del verbo se pierde al convertir la frase en una negacin.
La contraccin de -do not- y does not- ocurre con mucha frecuencia.
En la contraccin, se reemplaza la letra O en NOT con un apstrofo .
As -do not- cambia a DONT,
y -does not- cambia a DOESNT.
En el caso de dont, se cambia tambin la pronunciacin de la O en DO
We do not need. We dont need.
She does not need. She doesnt need.
Este modo de formar negaciones en el tiempo presente simple* con do not y does
not
aplica a todos los verbos en ingls, menos to be.
* sin auxiliares/modales
I go I dont go (yo no voy)
he goes he doesnt go (l no va)
I work I dont work (yo no trabajo)
he works he doesnt work (l no trabaja)
Tambin podemos formar preguntas negativas.
En lugar de hacer la pregunta con do o does, utiliza dont o doesnt.
Do you want to go? Dont you want to go? (No quieres ir?)
Does it work? Doesnt it work? (No funciona?)
Vocabulario
much mucho
to go out salir
Frases
I dont want much. No quiero mucho.
He doesnt want to go to school El no quiere ir a la escuela.
They dont want to go out tonight. Ellos no quieren salir esta noche.

She doesnt work today. Ella no trabaja hoy.

We dont need much money. No necesitamos mucho dinero.
We dont go out much. No salimos mucho.
It doesnt work. No funciona.
preguntas negativas
Dont you work today? No trabajas hoy?
Doesnt the soup need more salt? No necesita ms sal la sopa?
Dont you need help? No necesitas ayuda?
Dont we need bread? No necesitamos pan?
Ejercicios de Comprensin
LESSON 18 EL VERBO TO HAVE Prxima Leccin (haz clic)
Examen / Prueba para la prctica

PASADO NEGATIVO
La estructura del pasado simple en forma negativa es:
Sujeto + did + not + verbo + ...
Esto se aplica tanto en los verbos regulares ('to work') como en los irregulares ('to go').
Forma larga
Forma corta
I did not work

I didn't work

You did not go

You didn't go

He did not work

He didn't work

We did not go

We didn't go

You did not work

You didn't work

They did not go

Ejemplos
I did not remember where I was

They didn't go
No recordaba donde estaba

You didn't buy the ingredients

No compraste los ingredientes

He did not speak Russian

l no hablaba ruso

They didn't write a letter to her

No le escribieron una carta

She did not wash the car

No lav el coche

They didnt buy apples

No compraron manzanas

Columbus did not reach America in 1789.

Coln no lleg a Amrica e 1789.

PRESENTE INTERROGATIVA
Afirmativo
Do/does + sujeto + verbo?

Negativo
Forma larga

Do/does + sujeto + not + verbo?

Forma corta

Dont/doesnt + sujeto + verbo?

Afirmativo

Negativo

Do I play...?

Do I not play...?

Don't I play...?

Do you play...?

Do you not play...?

Don't you play...?

Does he play...?

Does he not play...?

Doesn't he play...?

Does she play...?

Does she not play...?

Doesn't she play...?

Does it play...?

Does it not play...?

Doesn't it play...?

Do we play...?

Do we not play...?

Don't we play...?

Do you play...?

Do you not play...?

Don't you play...?

Do they not play...?

Don't they play...?

Do they play...?
Ejemplos

Do I eat this dessert?

Me como este postre?

Don't you speak English?

No hablas ingls?

Does he know him?

Le conoce?

Doesn't she play the violin?

No toca el violin?

Does it float?

Flota?

Don't we study this subject?

No estudiamos este tema?

Do you go to the cinema?

Vais al cine?

Don't they smoke?

No fuman?

PASADO INTERROGATIVO
El pasado simple en forma interrogativa tiene la misma estructura para los verbos
regulares e irregulares:
Afirmativo

Did + sujeto + infinitivo sin "to"

Negativo

Forma larga

Did + sujeto + not + infinitivo

Forma corta
Afirmativo

Didnt + sujeto + infinitivo

Negativo

Did I go...?

Did I not go...?

Didn't I go...?

Did you work...?

Did you not work...?

Didn't you work...?

Did he/she/it go...?

Did he/she/it not go...?

Didn't he/she/it go...?

Did we work...?

Did we not work...?

Didn't we work...?

Did you go...?

Did you not go...?

Didn't you go...?

Did they not work...?

Didn't they work...?

Did they work...?

Ejemplos
Did I fail this exam?

Suspend este examen?

Did he not know it?

No lo saba?

Why did you wait so long?

Por qu esperasteis tanto?

Didn't they tell you?

No te lo contaron?

When did you break your finger?

Cundo te rompiste el dedo?

Did she watch the film yesterday?

Vi la pelcula ayer?

Didnt she kiss her boyfriend?

No bes a su novio?

CONJUGACIN DE VERBOS AFIRMATIVOS

afirmativo:
I am - Yo soy, estoy
You are - T eres, ests
He is - l es, est
She is - Ella es, est
It is - Esto es, est
We are - Nosotros somos, estamos
They are - Ellos son, estn
interrogativo:
Am I?
Are you?
Is he?
Is she?
Is it?
Are we?
Are they?
negativo:
I am not
You are not
He is not
She is not
It is not
We are not
They are not

EJEMPLOS DE ORACIONES
Utilizacion del verbo to be en forma afirmativa, negativa e
interrogativa
A continuacin se dan las que para algunas personas son las formulas para la utilizar del verbo to
be tanto en forma afirmativa, negativa e interrogativa.
Afirmativa:
Sujeto+verbo to be+complemento
Negativa:
Sujeto+verbo to be+not+complemento
Interrogativa:
verbo to be+sujeto+complemento+?
A continuacin se presentan algunos ejemplos de conjugacion del verbo to be en oraciones
afirmativas, negativas e interrogativas:

Afirmativas
Negativas
I am in the school
I am not in the school
You are a student
You are not a student
He is a Doctor
He is not a doctor
She is a teacher
She is not a teacher
It is a pen
It is not a pen
They are in New York They are not in New York
We are students
We are not students

Interrogativas
Am I in the school?
am I in the school?
Is he a a doctor?
Is she a teacher?
Is it a pen?
Are they in New York?
Are we students?

VERBOS REGULARES PASADO

Abandon
Absolve
Abuse
Accelerate
Accept
Accustom
Acquire
Add
Admire
Adore
Advance
Advise
Agree
Amount
Announce
Answer
Appear
Approach
Arrange
Ask
Astonish
Attempt
Attract
Bathe
Believe
Blame
Call
Cash
Change
Claim
Clear
Close
Comb
Command
Compare
Compose
Consider
Contain
Copy

Cough
Cover
Crown
Damage
Dawn
Decide
Defend
Desire
Destroy
Develop
Devour
Dislike
Divide
Drop
Earn
Employ
Encourage
Enjoy
Establish
Evoke
Expect
Explode
Express
Fail
Fetch
Finish
Fit
Float
Follow
Gain
Gather
Grant
Guard
Handle
Happen
Heat
Hire
Hunt
Imagine
Import

Improve
Increase
Intend
Invite
Join
Jump
Kick
Kiss
Land
Laugh
Like
Live
Love
Maintain
Measure
Mention
Name
Notice
Obey
Oblige
Offer
Order
Pack
Pass
Place
Please
Practise
Prepare
Produce
Propose
Punish
Rain
Receive
Refuse
Remain
Remind
Rent
Repeat
Report
Require

Return
Sail
Seem
Shout
Smile
Sound
Stop
Suffer
Suppose
Talk
Taste
Touch
Thank
Translate
Trouble
Try
Unite
Vary
Wait
Want
Watch
Wish
Worry

VERBOS IRREGULARES PASADO

Infinitivo (sin to)

Pasado simple

Traduccin

Arise

Arose

Surgir

Be

Was / were

Ser o estar

Beat

Beat

Golpear

Become

Became

Llegar a ser, convertirse

Begin

Began

Empezar

Bend

Bend

Doblar

Bite

Bite

Morder

Bleed

Bled

Sangrar

Blow

Blew

Soplar

Break

Broke

Romper

Bring

Brought

Traer

Build

Built

Construir

Burn

Burnt

Quemar

Buy

Bought

Comprar

Catch

Caught

Coger, agarrar

Choose

Chose

Elegir

Come

Came

Venir

Cost

Cost

Costar

Cut

Cut

Cortar

Do

Did

Hacer

Draw

Drew

Dibujar

Dream

Dreamed / Dreamt

Soar

Drink

Drank

Beber

Drive

Drove

Conducir

Eat

Ate

Comer

Fall

Fell

Caer

Feed

Fed

Alimentar

Feel

Felt

Sentir

Fight

Fought

Pelear

Find

Found

Encontrar

Fly

Flew

Volar

Forbid

Forbade

Prohibir

Forget

Forgot

Olvidar

Forgive

Forgave

Perdonar

Get

Got

Conseguir, Coger

Give

Gave

Dar

Go

Went

Ir

Grow

Grew

Crecer

Have

Had

Tener

Hear

Heard

Oir

Hide

Hid

Esconder

Hit

Hit

Pegar, golpear

Hold

Held

Agarrar, sostener

Hurt

Hurt

Herir, daar

Keep

Kept

Guardar

Kneel

Knelt

Arrodillarse

Know

Knew

Saber, conocer

Lay

Laid

Extender, poner

Lead

Led

Dirigir

Lean

Leaned / Leant

Inclinarse

Learn

Learned / Learnt

Aprender

Leave

Left

Salir, marcharse, dejar

Lend

Lent

Prestar

Let

Let

Dejar, permitir

Lie

Lay

Tumbarse, echarse

Light

Lit

Prender, encender

Make

Made

Hacer

Mean

Meant

Significar

Meet

Met

Conocer

Pay

Paid

Pagar

Put

Put

Poner

Read

Read

Leer

Ride

Rode

Montar

Ring

Rang

Llamar

Rise

Rose

Subir, crecer

Run

Ran

Correr

Say

Said

Decir

See

Saw

Ver

Sell

Sold

Vender

Send

Sent

Enviar

Set

Set

Poner, colocar

Sew

Sewed

Coser

Shake

Shook

Agitar

Shine

Shone

Brillar

Shoot

Shot

Disparar

Show

Showed

Mostrar, ensear

Shrink

Shrank

Encoger

Shut

Shut

Cerrar

Sing

Sang

Cantar

Sink

Sank

Hundir

Sit

Sat

Sentarse

Sleep

Slept

Dormir

Slide

Slid

Deslizar, deslizarse

Smell

Smelt

Oler

Sow

Sowed

Sembrar

Speak

Spoke

Hablar

Spell

Spelt / spelled

Deletrear

Spend

Spent

Gastar

Spill

Spilt

Derramar, verter

Spit

Spat

Escupir

Split

Split

quebrar, dividir

Spoil

Spoilt

Echar a perder/mimar

Spread

Spread

Extender, difundir, untar

Spring

Sprang

Salir, aparecer, brotar

Stand

Stood

Estar de pie

Steal

Stole

Robar

Stick

Stuck

Clavar, pegar

Sting

Stung

Picar, escocer

Strike

Struck

Golpear

Swear

Swore

Basfemar/jurar

Sweep

Swept

Barrer

Swell

Swelled

Aumentar, crecer

Swim

Swam

Nadar

Swing

Swung

Balancear, balancearse

Take

Took

Coger/llevar/tomar

Teach

Taught

Ensear

Tear

Tore

Rasgar/arrancar

Tell

Told

Decir/contar

Think

Thought

Pensar

Throw

Threw

Tirar, arrojar

Understand

Understood

Entender

Wake

Woke

Despertarse

Wear

Wore

Llevar puesto (ropa)

Weep

Wept

Llorar

Win

Won

Ganar

Write

Wrote

Escribir