Domestic animals[edit]

Degree and
Species and

Wild

subspecies

ancestor

Date

Location of
origin

Purpose

Image

type of
domesticati
on

Extent in
wild vs

Taxon group

captivity

Pets,
hunting,
herding,
guarding,

Very

pest

common in

control,
transportati

between
Dog (Canis
lupus familiaris)

Gray

30,000

wolf(Canis

BC and

lupus)

15,000
BC

on, draft,
Eurasia

working,
show,
racing,

[2][3]

sport,

captivity,
tame;

wild

significant

relatives are

physical and

much less

behavioral

common,

changes

though not

1c Carnivora

rare. Feral

rescuing,

dogs

guiding,

abundant

servicing,
fighting,
meat,
research

Sheep (Ovis

Mouflon(Ovis

between

Southwest

fibre, meat,

Some physical

Common in

aries)

orientalis)

11,000

Asia (Iran)

milk,

changes

captivity,

BC and

leather,

threatened

9000

pelt, vellum,

in the wild

BC[4][5]

pets, show,

1b Bovidae

Degree and
Species and

Wild

subspecies

ancestor

Date

Location of
origin

Purpose

Image

type of
domesticati
on

Extent in
wild vs

Taxon group

captivity

racing,
research,
guarding,
fighting,
ornamental

Common in

meat,

the wild.

leather,
Domestic
pig (Sus scrofa
domesticus)

Much more

research,
Wild boar(Sus

9000

scrofa)

BC

[6]

Near East,China

show,

Some physical

racing,

changes

fighting,

goat(Capra
aegagrus
hircus)

Common in

fibre, skin,
ibex(Capra
aegagrus)

8000
BC

[7]

Iran

racing,
fighting,
clearing
land, pets

vidae

some areas.

milk, meat,
show,

Feral

1a Artiodactylaexcept Bo

common in

pets

Bezoar

captivity.
animals

truffles,

Domestic

common in

captivity,
Slight physical

threatened

changes

in wild, feral
goats
common

1b Bovidae

Degree and
Species and

Wild

subspecies

ancestor

Date

Location of
origin

Purpose

Image

type of
domesticati
on

Extent in
wild vs

Taxon group

captivity

meat, milk,
leather,
hides,

Very

working,

common in

plowing,
Cattle (Bos

Aurochs (Bos

primigenius

primigenius)

taurus)

(extinct)

8000

Europe, Asiaand No

BC

rth Africa

[8]

draft,
vellum,
blood,

captivity,
Some physical

wild

changes

relatives

1b Bovidae

extinct, feral

transportati

cattle fairly

on, soil

common

fertilization,
fighting,
show, pets

Zebu (Bos

Aurochs (Bos

primigenius
indicus)

8000 BC

India

meat, milk,

Considerable

Wild

primigenius)

leather,

physical

relatives

(extinct)

hides,

changes

extinct, rare

working,
plowing,
draft,
vellum,
blood,
transportati
on, soil
fertilization,
fighting,
show,

in captivity

1b Bovidae

Degree and
Species and

Wild

subspecies

ancestor

Date

Location of
origin

Purpose

Image

type of
domesticati
on

Extent in
wild vs

Taxon group

captivity

racing

Very
abundant in
captivity,

Cat (Felis
silvestris catus)

African
wildcat (Felis
silvestris lybica)

8000 BC

pets, pest

to 7500

control,

BC[9][10][11]

Near East

show, pelt,
research

[12]

true wildcats
Tame, some

less

physical

abundant

changes

though not

1c Carnivora

rare. Feral
populations
very
common.

meat, eggs,
feathers,
Chicken (Gallus

Red

gallus

junglefowl(Gall

domesticus)

us gallus)

leather,

Very

6000

India andSoutheast

show,

Some physical

common in

BC

Asia

racing,

changes

captivity and

[13]

ornamental,
fighting,
pets

the wild

2b Galliformes

Degree and
Species and

Wild

subspecies

ancestor

Date

Location of
origin

Purpose

Image

type of
domesticati
on

Guinea
pig (Cavia
porcellus)

Montane

pets, meat,

guinea

5000

pig(Cavia

BC

Peru

[14]

tschudii)

show,
racing,
research

Tame, slight
physical
changes

transportati

africanus

ass (Equus

asinus)

africanus)

BC[15][16]

Egypt

draft,

Slight physical

mount,

changes

meat, milk,

meat,

platyrhynchos
domesticus)

Mallard
duck(Anas
platyrhnchos)

4000 BC

China

eggs, pets,
show,
racing,
ornamental

captivity and

1d Rodentia

the wild

as feral
animals,

1e Other mammals

wild animals

guarding

duck(Anas

common in

endangered

racing,

feathers,

Somewhat

critically

pets,

Domestic

captivity

captivity and

plowing,
5000

Taxon group

common in

working,
African wild

wild vs

Somewhat

on,

Donkey (Equus

Extent in

Common in
Considerable

captivity, but

physical

more

changes

abundant in
the wild

2aAnseriformes

Degree and
Species and

Wild

subspecies

ancestor

Date

Location of
origin

Purpose

Image

type of
domesticati
on

Extent in
wild vs

Taxon group

captivity

Water buffalo,
including "river

working,

buffalo"

plowing,

(Bubalus

Wild water

bubalis) and

buffalo(Bubalus

"swamp buffalo"

arnee)

draft,
4000 BC

India, China

mount,
fighting,

(Bubalus

meat, show,

bubalis

racing, milk

Mainly
unchanged
from wild
animal

Somewhat
rare in
captivity,

1b Bovidae

endangered
in the wild

carabenesis)

transportati
on, meat,
working,
guiding,
servicing,
Horse (Equus
ferus caballus)

Wild
horse(Equus
ferus)

hunting,
4000
BC

[17]

Eurasian Steppes

execution,
plowing,
draft,
mount,
fighting,
show,
racing, milk,
pets

Tame, some
physical
changes
mainly in
coloration

Common in
captivity,
very rare in
wild, feral
populations
common

1e Other mammals

Degree and
Species and

Wild

subspecies

ancestor

Date

Location of
origin

Purpose

Image

type of
domesticati
on

Extent in
wild vs

Taxon group

captivity

Moderately
common in

Domestic

Wild dromedary

dromedary

camel

camel(Camelus

(Camelus

dromedarius)

dromedarius)

4000 BC

Arabia

transportati

captivity,

on,

small feral

working,

population

hunting,

in original

plowing,

Tame, few

range,

draft,

physical

significant fe

mount,

changes

ral

show,

population

racing,

in Australia,

fighting,

true wild

milk, meat

dromedaries

1a Artiodactylaexcept Bo
vidae

may be
extinct

Domestic

Wild

silkmoth(Bomby

silkmoth(Bomb

x mori)

yx mandarina)

silk, animal
3000 BC

China

feed, pets,
meat

Tame/held
captive, some
physical
changes

Fairly
common in
captivity,
wild extent
unclear

6b Other Insects

Degree and
Species and

Wild

subspecies

ancestor

Date

Location of
origin

Purpose

Image

type of
domesticati
on

Artificially
selected into
many
Domestic
pigeon(Columb
a livia
domestica)

Rock
pigeon(Columb

3000 BC

show,

varieties,

ornamental,

including meat

Mediterranean Basin messenger,

a livia)

breeds,

meat,

racing/messen

racing, pets

ger breeds,
and fancy
plumage
breeds

Extent in
wild vs

Taxon group

captivity

Relatively
common in
captivity,
very
common in
the wild,

2cColumbiformes

feral
pigeons
extremely
abundant

3000 BC
Domestic
goose(Anser
anser
domesticus)

Greylag
goose (Anser
anser) andswan
goose(A.
cygnoides)

for A.
anser,
date
uncertai
n for A.

meat,
Egypt (A.

feathers,

Considerable

Common in

anser), China(A.

eggs, show,

physical

captivity and 2aAnseriformes

cygnoides)

guarding,

changes

the wild

pets

cygnoid
es

Yak (Bos

Wild yak (Bos

grunniens)

mutus)

2500 BC

Tibet, Nepal

milk,

Tame, slight

transportati

physical

on,

changes

working,
plowing,

1b Bovidae

Degree and
Species and

Wild

subspecies

ancestor

Date

Location of
origin

Purpose

Image

type of
domesticati
on

Extent in
wild vs

Taxon group

captivity

mount,
racing,
fighting,
meat, fibre

milk,
transportati
on,
working,
Domestic
Bactrian
camel (Camelus
bactrianus)

hunting,

Wild Bactrian
camel(Camelus

2500 BC

Central Asia

ferus)

plowing,
draft,
mount,

Moderately
Tame, few
physical
changes

fighting,

common in
captivity,

1a Artiodactylaexcept Bo

critically

vidae

endangered
in the wild

show,
racing,
meat, hair

Llama (Lama

Guanaco(Lama

2400

glama)

guanicoe)

BC

[18]

Peru

transportati

Slight physical

Fairly

1a Artiodactylaexcept Bo

on,

changes

common in

vidae

working,

captivity and

draft, pack,

the wild

meat, show,
racing,
pets,

Degree and
Species and

Wild

subspecies

ancestor

Date

Location of
origin

Purpose

Image

type of
domesticati
on

Extent in
wild vs

Taxon group

captivity

guarding

Alpaca (Vicugna

Vicua(Vicugna

2400

pacos)

vicugna)

BC

[18]

Peru

fibre, meat,
show, pets

Considerable
physical
changes

Fairly
common in

1a Artiodactylaexcept Bo

captivity and vidae

the wild

meat, eggs,
Domestic

Helmeted

guineafowl (Nu

guineafowl(Nu

mida meleagris)

mida melegris)

pest
2400
BC

[19]

Africa

control,
show,
alarming,

Mainly
unaltered from
wild population

Somewhat
common in
captivity and

2b Galliformes

in the wild

pets

Common in

pets,
Ferret (Mustela
putorius furo)

European
polecat(Mustela
putorius)

hunting,
1500
BC[20]

Europe

pest
control,
show,
racing

captivity,
Tame, slight

somewhat

physical

common in

changes

the wild.
Feral ferrets
rare

1c Carnivora

Degree and
Species and

Wild

subspecies

ancestor

Date

Location of
origin

Purpose

Image

type of
domesticati
on

pets,

House
Fancy mouse

mouse (Mus

1100 BC

China

musculus)

Ringneck

African collared

dove(Streptopeli

dove(streptopel

a risoria)

ia roseogrisea)

500 BC

North Africa

research,

Tame,
significant

racing,

physical

animal feed

changes

show, pets

Slight physical
changes

Extent in
wild vs

Taxon group

captivity

Common in
captivity and 1d Rodentia
in the wild

Common in
captivity and 2cColumbiformes
the wild

meat, milk,
Bali cattle (Bos
javanicus
domestica)

Banteng (Bos
javanicus)

Date
uncertai
n

show,

Common in

Southeast

racing,

Slight physical

captivity,

Asia, Java

working,

changes

endangered

plowing,

1b Bovidae

in the wild

draft

Somewhat
Gayal (Bos

Gaur (Bos

frontalis)

gaurus)

Date
uncertai
n

Southeast Asia

meat

Slight physical
changes

common in
captivity,
threatened
in the wild

1b Bovidae

Degree and
Species and

Wild

subspecies

ancestor

Date

Location of
origin

Purpose

Image

type of
domesticati
on

Domestic

Wild

turkey(Meleagri

turkey(Meleagri

s gallopavo)

s gallopavo)

meat,
180

Mexico, United

feathers,

AD[18]

States

eggs, show,
pets

Extent in
wild vs

Taxon group

captivity

Considerable

Common in

physical

captivity and 2b Galliformes

changes

wild

Very
Goldfish (Caras

Prussian

300 AD

sius auratus

carp(Carassius

to 400

auratus)

gibelio)

AD

China

Tame/held

common

pets, show,

captive,

and

racing,

significant

abundant in

ornamental

physical

captivity,

changes

wild extent

5a Cyprinidae

is unclear

Common in
meat, pelt,
Domestic

European

rabbit(Oryctolag

rabbit(Oryctola

us cuniculus)

gus cuniculus)

600
AD

[21]

fibre, pets,
Europe

show,
racing,
research

captivity,
Tame,

rare in

significant

native

physical

habitat,

changes

common in
introduced
range

1e Other mammals

Degree and
Species and

Wild

subspecies

ancestor

Date

Location of
origin

Purpose

Image

type of
domesticati
on

Domestic
canary(Serinus
canaria
domestica)

Extent in
wild vs

Taxon group

captivity

pets,
Atlantic

15th

canary(Serinus

century

canaria)

AD

Canary
Islands,Europe

research,
show,
mining,

Slight physical
changes

Common in
captivity and 2dPasseriformes
wild

fighting

Tame/held
Siamese
fighting
fish (Betta
splendens)

captive, very
Uncertain

19th

species of the

century

genusBetta

AD

Thailand

fighting,
pets

significant
physical and

5b Other fish

slight
behavioral
changes

Fancy
rat and Lab rat

Brown

10th

rat(Rattus

century

norvegicus)

AD

pets,
United Kingdom

research,
show

Tame, some
physical and
psychological
changes

Common in
captivity and 1d Rodentia
in the wild

Degree and
Species and

Wild

subspecies

ancestor

Date

Location of
origin

Purpose

Image

type of
domesticati
on

Koi (Cyprinus

Common

carpio

carp(Cyprinus

haematopterus)

carpio)

1820s
AD

Japan

ornamental,
show, pets

Extent in
wild vs

Taxon group

captivity

Tame/held

Fairly

captive,

common in

considerable

captivity,

physical

threatened

changes

in the wild

5a Cyprinidae

Very small
domestic
Domestic silver
fox(Vulpes
vulpes)

Red fox(Vulpes

1950s

vulpes)

AD

Soviet Union,Russia

pelt,

Tame, some

population,

research,

physical

wild

pets

changes

relatives

1c Carnivora

fairly
common

Common in
Domestic

Four-toed

hedgehog(Atele

hedgehog(Atele

rix albiventris)

rix albiventris)

1980s

Central andEastern

AD

Africa

pets

Slight physical
changes

the wild.
Somewhat
rare in
captivity

1e Other mammals

Degree and
Species and

Wild

subspecies

ancestor

Date

Location of
origin

Purpose

Image

type of
domesticati
on

Extent in
wild vs

Taxon group

captivity

unknow
n, may
have
been
Society
finch(Lonchura
striata
domestica)

introduc
White-rumped

ed to

munia(Lonchur

Japan

a striata)

sometim

Fairly
Japan

pets,

Slight physical

common in

research

changes

captivity and

2dPasseriformes

the wild

e around
the early
18th
century[22
]

Held/tame in
Guppy (Poecilia
reticulata some
strains)

[23]

Guppy (Poecilia
reticulata)

Date
uncertai
n

Barbados,Brazil, Gu
yana

captivity,
pets

significant
physical
changes

Common in
captivity

5b Other