1. What background process will write undo data?

DBWR
17. What are physical components of Oracle database?
Oracle database is comprised of three types of files. One or more datafiles, two
or more redo log files, and one or more control files.Password file and paramete
r file also come under physical components.
18. What are logical components of Oracle database?
Blocks, Extents, Segments, Tablespaces.
19. What is segment space management?
LMTS and DMTS.
20. What is extent management?
Auto and Manual.
21. What are the differences between LMTS and DMTS?
Tablespaces that record extent allocation in the dictionary are called dictionar
y managed tablespaces, and tablespaces that record extent allocation in the tabl
espace header are called locally managed tablespaces.
21. What is a datafile?
Every Oracle database has one or more physical datafiles. Datafiles contain all
the database data. The data of logical database structures such as tables and in
dexes is physically stored in the datafiles allocated for a database.
22. What are the contents of control file?
Database name, SCN, LSN, datafile locations, redolog locations, archive mode, DB
Creation Time, RMAN Backup & Recovery Details, Flashback mode.
23. What is the use of redo log files?
24. What are the uses of undo tablespace or redo segments?
25. How undo tablespace can guarantee retain of required undo data?
Alter tablespace undo_ts retention guarantee;
26. What is ORA-01555 - snapshot too old error and how do you avoid it?
27. What is the use/size of temporary tablespace?
28. What is the use of password file?
29. How to create password file?
$ orapwd file=orapwSID password=sys_password force=y nosysdba=y
30. How many types of indexes are there?
Clustered and Non-Clustered
1.B-Tree index
2.Bitmap index
3.Unique index
4.Function based index
Implicit index and explicit index.
Explicit indexes are again of many types like simple index, unique index, Bitmap
index, Functional index, Organisational index, cluster index.
31. What is bitmap index & when itll be used?

Bitmap indexes are preferred in Data warehousing environment.

Preferred when cardinality is low.
32. What is B-tree index & when itll be used?
B-tree indexes are preferred in OLTP environment.
Preferred when cardinality is high.
33. How you will find out fragmentation of index?
AUTO_SPACE_ADVISOR_JOB will run in daily maintenance window and report fragmente
d indexes/Tables.
analyze index
This populates the table index_stats. It should be noted that this table contains
only one row and therefore only one index can be analysed at a time.
An index should be considered for rebuilding under any of the following conditio
ns:
* The percentage of deleted rows exceeds 30% of the total, i.e. ifdel_lf_rows / l
f_rows > 0.3.
* If the HEIGHT is greater than 4.
* If the number of rows in the index (LF_ROWS) is significantly smaller than LF_BLK
S this can indicate a large number of deletes, indicating that the index should b
e rebuilt.
34. What is the difference between delete and truncate?
Truncate will release the space. Delete wont.
Delete can be used to delete some records. Truncate cant.
Delete can be rollbacked.
Delete will generate undo (Delete command will log the data changes in the log f
ile where as the truncate will simply remove the data without it. Hence data rem
oved by Delete command can be rolled back but not the data removed by TRUNCATE).
Truncate is a DDL statement whereas DELETE is a DML statement.
Truncate is faster than delete.