SAMSUNG ENGINEERING CO.

, LTD
SAMSUNG SEI TOWER, 467-14 Dogok 2 Dong,
Kangnam-Ku, Seoul, KOREA 135-280

DESIGN MANUAL
SEM-9486E
PROCESS DESIGN MANUAL

Preparation of Datasheet
for Boiler Feed Water Chemical
Treatment
REV.
DATE

:0
: 2006.8.23

SAMSUNG ENGINEERING CO., LTD.

DATE : 2006. 8. 23

DESIGN MANUAL

SEM 9486E

Preparation of Datasheet

REV. : 0

for Boiler Feed Water Chemical Treatment

PAGE i OF i

CONTENTS
Page
1

OBJECTIVES & MAKING..............................................................................1

1.1
1.2
1.3

OBJECTIVES.........................................................................................1
COMPLEMENTARY POINT.......................................................................1
MAKING................................................................................................1

COMPONENT OF CHEMICAL INJECTION..................................................1

2.1
2.2

SCALE CONTROL..................................................................................1
CORROSION CONTROL..........................................................................4

2.3
2.4

CONDENSATE RETURN LINE CORROSION CONTROL...............................5

CHEMICAL AGENT INJECTION PLACE.....................................................6

SELECTION OF CHEMICALS & INJECTION POINT..................................7

INJECTION LIQUID.......................................................................................7
4.1
4.2
4.3

INJECTION PUMP.........................................................................................8
5.1
5.2
5.3

DILUTION..............................................................................................7
VAPOR PRESS.........................................................................................7
VISCOSITY...............................................................................................7

NO REQ'D...............................................................................................8
CAPACITY (L/HR).....................................................................................8
CAPACITY CONTROL...........................................................................13

SOLUTION TANK........................................................................................13
6.1
6.2
6.3

CAPACITY...........................................................................................13
MATERIAL..............................................................................................13
ACCESSORIES........................................................................................14

AGITATOR....................................................................................................15

ACCESSORIES............................................................................................15

REVISION HISTORY....................................................................................15

DATE : 2006. 8. 23

DESIGN MANUAL

SEM 9486E

Preparation of Datasheet

REV. : 0

for Boiler Feed Water Chemical Treatment

PAGE 1 OF 15

OBJECTIVES & MAKING

1.1

Objectives
This Guide explains technical specification that need in Boiler feed
Water Chemical Treatment's Data Sheets creation by Data Sheet
Format, and can filled-up correctly through standardization at data
sheets and save time.

1.2

Complementary Point
This Guide is applied chemical agent to present immediately by
producing. But in most cases, chemical agents vendors make
complexes of several same kinds of materials according to their
light. Therefore, we need preliminary consultations with vendors in
choice of final chemical agent. Moreover, because medicines
processing is marching by tending to minimize waste water
regarding the final pollution problem, it will make up for processing
by using newest tendency and Vendor Data.

1.3

Making
Write position of Data Sheet Format on left side and find easily
explaining on right side.
- Example: [1-2]: second row in first data sheet
: left side of 12th row in second data sheet
- Description: start to right of line no.
Data Sheet of Boiler Feed Water's chemical treatment can divide by
Scale Control, Corrosion Control, and Condensate Treatment

greatly.
2

COMPONENT OF CHEMICAL INJECTION

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2.1

DESIGN MANUAL

PAGE 2 OF 15

Scale Control
2.1.1 Phosphate Control (Fig. 1.1)
Ca, Mg in Boiler evaporation surface is not baking and these
salt as insolubility sludge settlement derive, and can remove
by Blow-Down keeping in melting state.
Because phosphate settlement does not get up well in pH
9.5 low, constant alkalinity is required.
Conventional Phosphate Control (Caustic Based Control) By
keeping Free Caustic of constant concentration, make
sludge, liquefy Silica and protect Carry-Over.
PO4's
remaining concentration is 10 - 40 mg/ls, alkalinity is 100 350 mg/l NaOH (PH 11.4 - 12).
It is applied to Boiler lower than 600 psig, and is used widely
because processing is simple.
- Coordinated Phosphate-PH Control (Fig. 1.2)
Phosphate concentration is keeping 3Na/PO4 ratio by
method to control PH with phosphate sodium without using
caustic soda. It is applied that operating pressure is 1000 1500 psig low.
- Congruent Phosphate Control (Fig. 1.3)
Because Hide-Out phenomenon occurs and picks up
'Gouging Attack' of glass caustic soda as for 3Na/PO4 ratio
over 1500 psig, PO4 concentration keeps by 2.6 Na/PO4s
ratio in 2 - 20 mg/l extent.
2.1.2

Chelating Control
Because Chelating Agent (Chelant) occurs soluble reaction
product by chemical reaction with metal ion, it be not
deposited on the Boiler evaporation surface and increased
Boiler efficiency and Reliability. EDTA and NTA are used
representatively.

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1)

PAGE 3 OF 15

Use extent
- Low hardness (below 1 ppm) of make-up water
applies and high hardness (over 2 ppm) is not
economical.
- Usually, NTA below 900 psig, EDTA below 1200
psig is applied. (Table 2-1)
The following table shows the reaction ratio in parts
per million for technical grades of EDTA and NTA.

FOR. 1 PPM
IT TAKES
METAL ION PPM 100% EDTA 38% EDTA* 100% PPM NTA
Total Hardness
Calcium
Magnesium

(10)
9.5
15.8

(25)
(41.6)

2.75
6.9
11.45

Iron

6.8

(17.9)

4.9

Copper

6.0

(15.8)

4.3

Aluminum

14.1

(37.1)

10.0

*Commercial grade EDTA is marketed

suppliers may have different strengths.
2.1.3

as

38%

solution,

but

some

Organic Agents
If Ca, Mg salts is made sludge by phosphate process, it be
can removed by blow-down without sticking on metal surface
as keeping by fluid form using organic matter. Organic matter

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PAGE 4 OF 15

is Tannin, Lignin, starch, seaweeds etc.

2.2

Corrosion Control
2.2.1

PH Control
Caustic soda (NaOH) and soda ash (NaCO3) are used by
counteragent.

2.2.2

Removal of Dissolved Oxygen

After it is removed to 0.005 mg/l by De-aerator, remained O2
is removed by chemical agents.
1)

Sodium Sulfite (Na2 SO3)

It is used below 900 psig and Hydrazine is used
over 900 psig. It is not used in case Sulfur picks up
Catalyst fouling.
- Reaction
1/2O2 + Na2SO3 -----> Na2SO4.
3Fe2O3 + Na2SO3 -----> 2Fe3O4 + Na2SO4
- Reaction rate
It can decreased reaction time using recently
developed Cobalt catalyst.

2)

Hydrazine
It does not increase Boiler Water's Solid than Sulfite
and need not to Boiler Blow-down.
- Reaction
N2H4 + O2 --------------> 2H2O + N2

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It is very slow reaction than Sulfite.

2.3

Condensate Return Line Corrosion Control

Soluble O2, CO2 in steam condensation cause corrosion. Among
them, CO2 create carbonate in water and increase corrosion under
PH 5.9.
2.3.1

PH Control
1)

Neutralizing Amine
As acting directly with coal mine and it is volatility
alkali material that raise PH. Morpholine (C4H9NO),
Cyclo Hexylamine (C6H13N), DEAE (Di-Ethyl-Amino
Ethanol, C6H15NO) etc. are used.
- Distribution Ratio (DR)
As CO2 is carried with steam, neutralizing amine be
must distilled steam. Also, it must be able to
neutralize carbonic acid by CO2 of team
condensation because is melted at steam
condensation. Distilled tendency is described
separation ratio when steam is condensed.

Amine concentration in vapor

amine concentration in steam
DR = ---------------------------------------- = ------------------------------------------Amine concentration
in liquid
amine concentration in condensate
(Table 4-1)
2.3.2

Ammonia

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PAGE 6 OF 15

When there is not damage in ammonia steam process with

condensate water polishing unit, it is decreased to use them
than to use volatile amine. But it is economical to use
condensate water for PH control.
2.3.3

Film Protection
1)

Filming Amine
- By chemical agent to keep corrosion prevention
over coating, systems to leak amount of air or
included much CO2 is used filming amine or inhibitor.
- Must not use in system to happen Catalyst Coat.
- There are Octadecylamine (C18 H37 NH2),
Hexadecylamine
(C16
H33
NH2),
and
Dioctadecylamine (C36 H73 NH2) etc.
- Injection agent is injected slowly by small quantity
and is not proportional in CO2 concentration.
Because it is formed very thin film, it does not disturb
electric heat and improve electric heat to cause drop
wise condensation.

2.4

Chemical Agent Injection Place

Most chemical or organic matter is continuously fed into pump, it
does not make a problem, but phosphate processing can make a
problem in supply line.
- Phosphate Soda: Directly injected boiler drum. Only,
Hexametaphosphate can be injected in supply line.
- Caustic soda, soda ash: Supply line. Only, injected in Boiler drum if
BFW is high hardness, temperature, pH.
- Organic sludge controller: Supply line. or Boiler drum
- Chelants: Use Sus Quill between BFW Pump and Boiler Drum but

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avoid to inject in Boiler Drum

- Amine & Ammonia Steam header/BFW Line (Boiler input)
3

SELECTION OF CHEMICALS & INJECTION POINT

Record decision in [1 - 12] [1 - 25] by Item.

INJECTION LIQUID
4.1

Dilution
Used dilution (Wt %) is as following.
Chemical

Injected dilution Agent specification

Phosphate soda 1.0 - 3.0 %

Caustic soda

1.0 - 3.0 %

Hydrazine
0.5 - 3.0 %
over 99.9%
Ammonia
1.0 - 3.0 %
over 99.9%
Neutralizing Amine
Sodium sulfite
4.2

KS
KS
35-60% solution,
5-25% solution,
40% solution
KS

Vapor Press
Usually, because dilution by water is high, steam pressure at
operating temperature (1030) almost ignore.
Specially,
neutralization amine with low flash point and hydrazine are used
solution without Flash Point, (each under 40%, 35%)

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4.3

DESIGN MANUAL

PAGE 8 OF 15

Viscosity

INJECTION PUMP
5.1

Required No.
Establish supply Unit (tank, pump, connection pipe laying, chief) by
each chemical agent, and establish supply pump by each boiler in
case of phosphate soda. And establish a Common Stand-By pump
per a Unit.

5.2

Capacity (L/hr)
The following is Nor. Capacity. Explain and decide to take into
account extra margin 200%.
5.2.1

Scale Control
1) Injection of Sodium Phosphate (tri-Phosphate)
The injected amount is sum of phosphate soda amount and
phosphate amount in Blow.
- Molecular formula: Na3 PO4 12H2O [MW=380]
380
- W (g/HR) = P B + 2.28 H F
95
380
1
PPM req'd = P + 2.28 H
95
N
W = Injected amount, P = PO4 concentration in boiler [ppm]
B = Blow amount [T/H], N = F/B. Concentration Cycle
F = Feed Water [T/H]
*1. Actual used amount becomes different according to

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crystal water of phosphate.

*2. Form of settlement is Ca3 (PO4) Ca (OH) 2, ratio of
phosphate for hardness ingredient
380 2
1.2 = 2.28
100 (3+1)
2) Injection of Sodium Phosphate (di-Sodium Phosphate)
- Molecular formula: Na3 HPO4 12H2O [MW=380]
358
- W (g/HR) = P B + 2.15 H F
95
3) Injection
Phosphate)

of

poly

Sodium

Phosphate

(hexa-meta-

- Molecular formula: (NaPO3)6, MW = 612

612
612
- W (g/HR) = P B + H F
570
N 1000
612/6 2
612
*3. 1.2 =
100 4
1000

4)

Chelant
-The injection amount is decided concentration, ph,
temperature, used Chelant's reactivity.
- EDTA of 1mol reacts with metal of 1mol and inject

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to 1 - 2 ppm excess amount to necessary Chelant

(table 2 - 1) by Feed Water. Over dosing brings
Boiler Metal's loss.
5)
5.2.2

Organic Agents

Corrosion Control
1)

NaOH
Because NaOH is not evaporated by Steam, amount
which NaOH is lost by Blow-Down.

W [g/H] = 0.91 [CO2] F

[CO2]: ppm concentration, F: Feed Water [T/H]
2)

PH control agent
Can find from NaOH suitableness
(Equivalent NaOH Quantity).
( table 3-1 )

amount

Na2 CO3
1/4.5, SO3
1/2.85
Na2 SO3
1/4.5, CO3 1/2.55
Na3PO4 12H2O 1/15, PO4 1/3.75
3)

De-oxidant, Na2 SO3

8 - 10 ppm per oxygen 1 ppm is required and the
injection amount originates to Blow-Down by request
remaining excess concentration.

W = B [SO3] 1.6 W: used Amount (g/H)

B: Blow-Down (T/H)

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Boiler pressure concentration limit SO3

0-600 psig
30-50 ppm SO32600-900 psig
10-20
900 psig
4-6
4)

De-oxidant, Hydrazine
1ppm per O2 1 ppm requires theoretically but 1.5 - 2
ppm is applied actually.
BFW's
concentration limit is 0.05- 0.1 ppm.

remaining

50
W = [O2] 2 F (g/H) or
32
50
W = ([O2] + [N2H4] F
32
Pure material can not use because of low flash point,
use 35% solution without flash point.
5)

Neutralizing Amine
Volatility amine makes neutralization product by
reacting with CO2 and later CO2 is recovered in
circulation cycle because drop in Deaerator if is
heated, but recovery rate is different by distribution
ratio of used amine and operating condition of
deaerator. That is, recovery rate of Morpholine (DR =
0.4) is high and that of Cyclohexylamine (DR = 2.0) is
low because of loss in apparatus for excluding air.

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The inject amount is decided according to necessity

density (picture - reference) and the recovery rate in
boiler drum. The inject amount is calculated by
amount to neutralize CO2 of condensate water and
keep fixed request pH in a boiler drum.
- Used concentration
Because of danger of fire, used 40 % solution.

pH at 25

Ami ne : CO2 wei ght r at i o

Fig 5.1 pH vs., Amine/CO2 Concentration Fig 5.2 pH vs., Amine Concentration
6)

Ammonia
When reclaim and reuse condensate water, ammonia
of about 70% is lost in De-Aerator.

7)

Filming Amine

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Injection is slowly by small amount and is not

proportional in CO2 concentration.
5.3

Capacity Control
5.3.1

Stroke Adjustment
It is used most usually by method to control flux controlling
Stroke's length.

5.3.2

Speed Control
It is used when wish to control correct flux in all range(0 ~
100%) adjusting Motor's rotations by VVVF using Inverter.

120 F
rpm = , F : frequency (ex : 60HZ)
P
P: pole (ex: 4 poles)
5.3.3

Capacity Control Range

Do 0100 % to principle but promise accuracy in 10100 %
ordinarily in case of Stroke control.

SOLUTION TANK
6.1

Capacity
Chemical agent tank establishes one by one per chemical kind and
makes capacity can possess during about 3 days.

6.2

Material

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Material is Stainless Steel ordinarily.

6.3

Accessories
6.3.1

Level Gauge & Alarm

Attach seeing through or reflection surface (Level Gauge) on
each tank, and low level alarm must ring to central panel.

6.3.2

Floating Cover
Do to minimize evaporation of volatility material with
Hydrazine, Ammonia and Amine, and intercept surface with
air always as establish to keep away air contact of deoxidizer
(hydrazine, Sodium Sulfite).

6.3.3

Steam Heater
Establish for keeping proper temperature of chemical agent.

6.3.4

Measuring Cup
It is small size tank having making scale that installed on top
of main tank and used to add measured amount of
chemicals to main tank.

6.3.5

Inner Basket
Establish into tank upper part side to elutriate Over-Size's
lump when chemical agent is injected on main frame, and
attach Opening Cover.

6.3.6

Steam Bubbling Pipe

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Establish Agitator in phosphate and sulfuric acid tank for

powder solid to melt easily.
7

AGITATOR
It is used to liquefy Phosphates and Na2 SO3.

ACCESSORIES

REVISION HISTORY
Rev

Date

Page

06.08.23

All

Revision Status
- Team : Process Eng'g Team
- Made by : J.W. Lee
- Checked by : J.C. Ro, E.D. Lee, Henry Sung, B.S. Son
- Approved by : C.S. Jung

APPENDIX 1
DATA SHEET FORMAT

APPENDIX 2
SIMPLE DATA SHEET