2

ABSTRACT

The primary purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between time
management and academic performance of the nursing students of St. John Paul II
College of Davao employing the descriptive- correlational method. A survey
questionnaire is used in gathering data with mean, Pearson-r as the statistical tools.
The results showed that the level of time management is high, whereas the level of
academic performance was low. The result further showed that there is no significant
relationship between time management and academic performance of the nursing
students.
The Dean of Nursing may continue to focus on developing the capability of
nursing students of St. John Paul II College of Davao regarding their time management
and academic performance. The clinical instructors may continue to guide the students
in their academic performance and guide the students to use their time in studying. The
student may continue to pursue how to improve their academic performance within their
selves.

3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to extent their heartfelt and sincere gratitude to the people who made
this study possible.
To Ms. Emmalyn D. Santiesteban, RN,MAN and to Ms. Christeline F. Balante,
RN,MAN, their advisers for sharing their knowledge, valuable information and for
guiding them in their research;
To the panelists, Ms. Mildred Alidon, RN,MAN and Ms. Mary Ann Grace Dorado,
RN,MAN for their comments and suggestions to improve this research;
To their parents and family for their unconditional love, support and
understanding;
And above all, to the Almighty God who is the source of their strength, knowledge
and wisdom.
Researcher

4
DEDICATION

I dedicate this study to my family.

They serve as my inspiration
Without them I couldnt finish
this study
I am very thankful for having
Them
For their patience, love, and understanding
And above all to our
Almighty God,
Who is the source of all my
strength and wisdom.

-S.B.

5
Table of Contents

Title page

Page

Abstract

Acknowledgement

Dedication

Table of Contents

Chapter 1
Background of the Study

Statement of the Problem

Hypothesis

Review of related Literature

Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

15

Significance Of the Study

17

Definition of Terms

18

Chapter 2
Research Design

19

Research Subjects

19

Research Instruments

19

Data Gathering Procedures

21

Statistical Treatment of Data

21

Chapter 3
Data Presentation and Analysis of Findings

6
Level of Time Management

22

Level of Academic Performance

25

Significant Relationship of Time Management and

26

Academic Performance of Nursing Students

Chapter 4
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary

28

Conclusions

28

Recommendations

28

REFERENCES

30

A. Letter of Permission to Conduct the Study

32

B. Survey Questionnaire

34

CURRICULUM VITAE

35

Chapter 1
The Problem and Its Setting

7
Background of the Study
Time management, a major issue among university students, affects how they
review and use the time available to them and how they adjust to their academic
responsibilities (Bonhomme 2007).
Sansgiry et,al (2006), defined time management for students as cluster of
behavioral skills that are important in the organization of study and course load. This is
a process That is constantly changing and must be kept under control by each
individual (Hackworth,2007).
Time management is often defined as a product of organizing skills, however, the
same processes may not be applicable to everyone in the same way (Macan et,al
2010). Therefore, what works for one particular person might not work for another (Sarp
et,al 2005).
In addition, the time available to each individual for attending to a range of
requirements varies according to the abilities and capability limitations of each person
(Nandhakumar & Jones, 2001). Using time more effectively should enable nursing
students to achieve a better balance between work and personal life ( Arnold &Pulich,
2004), be more successful in examinations (Prichard.,et al 2006) and prepare
themselves for clinical environments (Heslop et al.,2001).
In most cases time management is personal time management that needs to be
divided effectively into the tasks to be done. It can also be referred to a list of time
management skills that need to be mastered for it to be effective. Collins English
Dictionary (2009) has referred to time management as the analysis of how working
hours are spent and the prioritization of tasks in order to maximize personal efficiency in
the workplace.
Claessens, Eerde, Rutte and Roe (2007) describe time management as
behaviors that aim at achieving an effective use of time while performing certain goaldirected activities. Later on in 2009 the same authors describe it as types of behavior
that differentiate people who do things on time, stick to deadline and spend little time on

8
their activities from those who are often late, pass deadline, spend much time on their
activities and waste time on unimportant matters (Claessens, Roe and Rutte 2009).
There is currently no established standard regarding the exact number of hours
needed

to

produce

competent

and

capable

nurses

(LipscomB

&

Snelling,

2010).Consequently, students believe that they do not have enough time to develop the
extensive knowledge base required for nursing (Misra & McKean,2000).
The concept of time has been widely discussed throughout history, and it has
been expressed in different ways that time is of vital importance for all beings in the
universe. Although, time is the same for everybody, actually, time cannot be borrowed or
lent; time cannot be saved or changed and it can only be used. Having this along with
similar other features, time is vital for individuals and organizations. In view of literature,
it is clear that the concept of time has been defined as an abstract and important value
in which events flow spontaneously, and which all beings in the universe own equally
(McDougle 1997).
Some authors have also likened it to human life, and argued that managing time
is actually managing life. Besides, time is unmanageable in reality; however, individuals
can manage activities in their lives (Dobbins and Pettman,1998).
However, specific knowledge, skills and abilities are required to manage time in a
conscious way. Additionally, effective time management provides an individual with the
opportunity to devote more time to his/her family and relatives, and enjoy life (Karakose
and Kocabas, 2009).
Time management refers to the way that we organize and plan how long
wespend on specific activities. It is the act or process of planning and exercising
conscious control over the amount of time spent on specific activities, especially to
increase effectiveness, efficiency or productivity. It is a challenge for us because if we
dont know how to manage time we will never be productive and successful. Having
time management will help us make things faster and well organize.If the students make
a good plan related to their own life and this planning will have a positive effect their
academic success (Misra and McKean 2000).

9
In a study of Macan (1994), efficient use of time was discovered to positively
influence students success in courses.
However, time management requires a functional planning so that individuals
become successful and productive in both private life and work life. In the study of
Britton and Tesser (1991), conducted on university students, they demonstrated that
education on time management positively affect academic achievement.
In Davao City, people are very conscious of their time most especially the
students, and employees because they do not want to become late. They arrive in
school and offices as early as they can for example the class will start at 8am, students
arrived 1 hour before because of traffic which is the biggest problem of some
commuters in Davao.
The purpose of the study is to help the students to determine their time
management and as well as their academic performance. Some students have already
a family that they are taking care of. Most of them are having a problem on how to
manage time for example when a student went home and there are many tasks that
needs to work first and so she has to set aside first her assignments and projects in
school until she cant work it because of being tired.
The work of the nurse is critical because the patients lives is on the line and
there is no room for error. Because of the importance of time among nursing students, I
finally came up with the title which is Time Management and Academic Performance of
the Nursing Students.

Statement of the Problem

The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between time
management and academic performance of nursing students of St. John Paul II College
of Davao. Specifically, it attempts to answer the following questions:
1. What is the level of time management of nursing students of St. John Paul II
College of Davao?

10
2. What is the level of academic performance of nursing students of St. John Paul II
College of Davao?
3. Is there a significant relationship between time management and academic
performance of nursing student of St. John Paul II College of Davao?
Null Hypothesis
There is no significant relationship between time management and academic
performance of nursing students of St. John Paul II College of Davao.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

In this concept, the review of related literature is divided into two: time
management and academic performance. The sources of literature came from internet.

Time Management
Time management can also be considered as the process by which an individual
more effectively accomplishes tasks and goals, a process by which an individual obtains
control over the timing and the content of what he/she does, and as what can be
accomplished with time. In order to utilize time effectively, individuals must first be able
to predict how much time is needed for the activity, (Kelly,2002).
Maybe what people need to know first is what time is. Time is experienced and
we actually measure it. As it is invisible and indefinable, we use metaphors to grasp
some of its aspects. Time is money, many say so, it is a limited and valuable resource,
but it is actually very precious and cannot be stored in the bank. Time is our lives as
measured out in years, months, days, hours, minutes and seconds. Time has to be
analyzed and used wisely in the workplace. To value time as the most precious
commodity to be spent both carefully and generously should be an essential element
in life. This is because we dont create time in our lives but instead we create our lives
in time, (Mackenzie and Nickerson, 2009). Effective time management is less about
saving time at any cost than about using the time you have efficiently.

11
Time management involves determining what one should do by setting goals,
deciding which events are the most important and realizing that other activities will have
to be scheduled around them (prioritizing), making decisions about how much time to
allow for certain tasks (time estimation), adjusting to the unexpected (problem solving),
reconsidering goals and priorities on a regular basis (evaluation), and observing
patterns and trends in behavior. There is debate over exactly what skills and behaviors
constitute effective time management. For example, Shipman (1983) identified six
principles for effective time management. These principles included being aware of self,
structuring time appropriately, setting goals and priorities, increasing personal efficiency
and effectiveness, scheduling time for activity, and scheduling relaxation time,
(Crutsinger,1994).
Hoover (2007) views writing things down to have a surprising benefit beyond

merely helping remember important information. After writing down a list of what has to
get done, one is more likely to experience a sudden aha moment about the best way
to accomplish it and the order in which to get specific things done. That will help do
more in less time. According to many time management experts, writing down lists of
tasks is the key to effective time management. If one 37 has more on their plate than
one think one can deal with, making a list is the single most important step one can take
in the planning process. It is good to note that overloading time, can quickly wear
someone out. Hoover goes on to say a written record allows one to see it all in front of
them. Time-management experts know that almost nothing motivates most people more
than crossing things off a to-do list.
Time management behaviors have more recently been characterized as making
lists, organizing, goal setting, keeping and routinely evaluating ones schedule, and
breaking down tasks into simpler parts. Empirical research investigating the effects of
time management behavior has identified three broad clusters of behaviors. These
behaviors include setting goals and priorities, engaging in the mechanics of time
management, and having a preference for organization,(Kelly,2002).

12
Time management process involves self-recognition of the individual first,
familiarity with his or her own personal traits, conducting analysis on the time-use
problem and collecting relevant data, assessing alternative solutions, selecting and
implementing one of these alternatives. Though effective and efficient use of time varies
with respect to the task performed, the further increased the necessity of time planning.
The road to success in social life passes through effective and efficient working which is
only possible via time management (Iz and Ozen,2010).
Time management comes down to choices. Good choices lead to better results,
while poor choices lead to wasted time and energy. The good news is that time
management skills can be learned and mastered by anyone. All it takes is practice and
dedication. Like any other skill, you can teach time management the easy way or you
can learn it the hard way (Le Banc,2008).
Good time management has always been an important skill but it is arguably now
more essential than ever. Factors such as widespread corporate restructuring,
accelerating change information overload and the need to balance priority and working
lives have put the squeeze on managers. Time management is about effectiveness and
efficiency of what you doing and how you do it. (Mullins 2002).
Time management is a set of principles ,practices, skills, tools, and systems
working together to help you get more value out of your time with the aim of improving
the quality of your life. The important point is that time management is not necessarily
about getting lots of stuff done, because much more important than that is making sure
that one is working on the right things (Sandberg, 2004).
As stressed by Ward (2009), the focus of time management is actually changing
behaviors, not changing time. A good place to start is by eliminating take personal
phone calls while working.
Strategies aimed at improving the effective use of time are often recommended
as an aid to enhance the achievement of students found that time management
significantly predicted academic success, (Pheri, 2008).

13
Britton and Tesser (1991), proposed 5 three facets of time management: shortrange planning, long-range planning, and time attitudes. Short-range planning is the
ability to set out and organize tasks in the short run (e.g., within a day or a week). Longrange planning is the capacity to manage tasks over a longer time horizon (e.g., in a
quarter or a year) by setting goals, keeping track of important dates and limiting
procrastination. Positive time attitudes indicate that a person is oriented towards using
their time constructively and maintaining agency over how their time is spent.
Time management can also be considered as the process by which an individual
more effectively accomplishes tasks and goals, a process by which an individual obtains
control over the timing and the content of what he/she does, and as what can be
accomplished with time. In order to utilize time effectively, individuals must first be able
to predict how much time is needed for the activity, (Kelly,2002).
However, Feeny Jonson (2002) stated that seven time management skills or
behaviors can be considered essential to effective time management due to their
repetitive prominence in the literature: (a) time analysis, (b) planning, (c) goal setting,
(d) prioritizing, (e) scheduling, (f) organizing, and (g) establishing new and improved
time habits. Although, time management documentation activities such as making lists,
writing down goals, and utilizing calendars have been identified by many authors as
necessary for effective time management, they tend to cross all seven skill areas.
Furthermore, people who are good at managing their time have strong skills in
several key areas (Hoover, 2007). They have a clear vision of their big-picture goals at
work and in lifelong term, yearly, monthly, weekly, and daily goals. They are skillful at
breaking these goals down into smaller units, and they know how to translate these
small units into action oriented to-do lists filled with tasks. Finally, they understand that
achieving long and medium range goals means crossing off every task they can on their
to-do list, every day.
Academic Performance

14
Academic achievement or (academic) performance is the outcome of educationthe extent to which a student, a teacher or institution has achieved their educational
goals.
Academic success has a great influence on a students self-esteem, motivation,
and perseverance in higher education. Poor academic performance or high failure rates
may result in unacceptable levels of attrition, reduced graduate throughput and
increased cost of education. This also reduces admission opportunities for tertiary
students seeking higher degrees. Hence, students academic performance has always
been a topic of interest for educators. Educators and researchers have long been
interested in identifying and understanding the variables that contribute to academic
excellence. Many researchers have identified demographic, socio-economic, family and
school factors as variables contributing to students academic performance.
Academic performance according to the Cambridge University Reporter is
frequently defined in terms of examination performance. In this study academic
performance was characterized by the overall performance in each year which
culminates in a Grade Point Average (GPA). The GPA score would take into account
students performance in tests, course work and examinations.
Academic performance is the background and key of ones student to a good
future, it is very important for a student perform highly in class which results in satisfying
records that is being evaluated by companies and hospitals. Academic performance in
students is how well a student is doing in class. Sometimes it could mean how well they
are doing and close they are coming to achieving their goals. Academic performance is
what you have shown you can do in a certain subject. Ability is what you CAN do, given
ideal circumstances. You can think of it as being internal and hidden until you show
what you can do with your performance. Performance is external and what people see.
For instance, someone that freaks out when they have to take a test may bomb it and
have poor performance, even though they knew the material and had the ability to do
the material on the test if they hadn't been so nervous.
In educational institutions, success is measured by academic performance, or
how well a student meets standards set out by local government and institution itself. As

15
career competition grows ever more fierce in the working world, the importance of
students doing well in school has caught the attention of parents, legislators and
government education departments alike.
Although education is not the only road to success in the working world, much
effort is made to identify, evaluate, track, and encourage the progress of students in
schools. Parents care about their childs academic performance because they believe
good academic results will provide more career choices and job security. Schools,
though invested in fostering good academic habits for the same reason, are also
influenced by concerns about the schools reputation and the possibility of monetary aid
from government institutions, which can hinge on the overall academic performance of
the school. State and federal departments of education are charged with improving
schools and so devise methods of measuring success in order to create plans for
improvement.
Devi and Mayuri (2003) carried out a study of family and school factors that affect
the academic achievement of residential school children studying ninth and tenth
classes on a sample of 120 students of Hyderabad city. Data were collected through an
interview schedule developed by the investigator to study the family factors. The result
indicated significant gender difference in academic achievement and girls were found to
be superior to boys in academic achievement.
De Smedt et al. (2003) investigated pre-academic and early academic
achievement in children with velocardiofacial syndrome of borderline or normal
intelligence. In the sample 13 children from the primary schools in Flanders in Belgium
was selected and tested on reading, spelling and mathematics. The results indicated no
significant different in academic achievement of boys and girls.
Tavani and Losh (2003) studied motivation, self-confidence and expectations as
predictors of academic performance. On a sample of 4012 high school students of
Florida the freshman survey instrument developed by cooperative institutional research
program was employed to collect the data. The findings indicated that parental
education was found to be significant predictors of educational achievement. Parental
education had also positive relationship with achievement motivation of the students.

16
Deary et al. (2004) conducted a longitudinal study to examine the association
between psychometric intelligence and educational achievement. The sample
comprising of 70,000 school students of England participated in the study. Academic
achievement was taken as the scores obtained by students in national public
examination. The results showed gender difference in academic achievement. The
findings indicated that the girls performed better than the boys.
Sunitha (2005) studied academic learning environment of students from aided
and unaided co-educational high schools. The sample of 240 students was selected
from the schools of Dharwad city in India. Data were collected from administering home
learning environment scale developed by the researcher and academic achievement
was taken as average percentage marks of the previous year and two semesters of the
current year of the students. The results revealed no significant different in academic
achievement of boys and girls. Parental education was also found to have significant
and positive relationship with academic achievements of the students.
Bruni et al. (2006) explored the relationships among academic achievement,
demographic and psychological factors. On the sample of 380 school students of Italy,
school achievement index was used as an instrument to measure their academic
achievement. The findings of the study indicated significant difference in academic
achievement of male and female students. Female students were found to have higher
academic achievement than males.
Halawah (2006) examined the effect of motivation, family environment, and
student characteristics on academic achievement. On the sample comprised of 388
high school students including 193 male and 195 female students of Abu Dhabi district
in United Arab Emirates. Grade point average was taken as measure of academic
achievement of the students. The results revealed no significant gender difference in
academic achievement of the students.
Preiss and Franova (2006) analyzed the relationship between depressive
symptoms, academic achievement and intelligence. The data were collected from the
sample of 635 school children consisting 304 boys and 331 girls by using Wechsler s

17
intelligence scale for children and grade point average. The findings indicated that there
was no gender difference in academic achievement of boys and girls.
Waters et al. (2006) determined whether the academic performance of 575
medical students learning in rural settings differs from those learning in urban settings of
Australia. Academic achievement included the results of the consecutive three years
and five specialists eight week rotations conducted in either the rural clinical division for
rural students or in Brisbane for urban students, all following the same curriculum and
taking the same examinations. From the results no statistically significant differences
were found between academic performance of rural and urban students.
Navarrete et al. (2007) carried out a study on culture and achievement
motivation in Latino and Anglo American high school students of USA on a sample of
149 students from the high school districts in California. Data were collected by
administering culture value orientation and attribution-emotion scale to the sample and
grade point average was taken as academic achievement measures of the students.
Socio-economic status and education of the parents had been found to influence
academic achievement of the students of both the cultures.
Nuthana (2007) carried out a gender analysis of academic achievement of school
students of Karnataka. The sample comprised of 600 students including 325 boys and
275 girls. Academic achievement was taken as the average grades of two previous
years. The results of study showed that there was no significant difference in academic
achievement of boys and girls. But the results indicated a significant difference in
academic achievement of urban and rural students with urban students had higher
academic achievement than rural counterparts.
As a measure of academic performance, teacher given grades has well- known
limitations. Grades are composite measures that account not only for students content
mastery but often for other factors, such as their class participation, attitudes, progress
over time and attendance. Both general and special educators are known to consider
these various factors when grading, but to emphasize different factors. For example,
special education teachers are less likely than general educators to consider homework

18
or attendance to be important in grading students performance, but are more likely to
consider in-class participation to be important, (Guzman,2003).
The higher education performance is depending upon the academic
performance of graduate students. Durden and Ellis quoted Staffolani and Bratti, (2002)
observed that the measurement of students previous educational outcomes are the
most important indicators of students future achievement, this refers that as the higher
previous appearance, better the students academic performance in future endeavors,
(Minnesota,2007).
Performance of the students is also influenced by the school in which they
studied but he also said that number of facilities a school offers usually determine the
quality of the school, which in turn affect the performance and accomplishment of its
students. Schools influence educational process in content organization, teacher and
teaching learning and in the end evaluation of the all. All these educationists and
researchers agreed with this principle that schools put strong effect on academic
performance and educational attainment of students, (Kwesiga,2002).
Elliot (2009), also says that good academic performance is also linked having
good organizational skills such as a tidy place to work and good time management. And
these are all things that needs to be considered. But this will raise the academic
performance session and then focuses and concentrates on having the right mind-set
for raising academic performance so as to learn more effectively. When relaxing, the
mind becomes more absorbent and able to learn. Confidence is also needed. A person
can be smarter and have faith that ones perceptions and ideas are as good as if not
better than many other people.
Drereir (2007),

emphasized that importance of taking down notes and

organization of the notes that was done. Taking down notes during class lessons can be
useful upon studying or reviewing the past lesson in preparation to the examination. He
pointed out that organized note taking is also necessary in order to avoid confusion and
easy tracking for the previous lesson. The core of having a good study habits is to
create a plan upon studying in order to make their review smoothly.

19
Theoretical and Conceptual Framework
The study was anchored on the theory of Jeremy Wright entitled Pickle Jar
Theory. This theory uses the analogy of an empty pickle jar to think about how people
use the fixed amount of time available each day. If a person plans his schedule very
well, important work can be done while still leaving time for the small things that make
life fun. Take a big pickle jar which can hold largest pickles. Put as many large rocks as
possible. When the jar is full, try to put two more rocks. Then put some small pebbles.
Put as many as possible. Then fill the jar with handful of sands and add some water.
This exercise attempts to understand that the large priorities in life represents like large
rocks. Some things in life will be enjoyable like pebbles. People have some things like
sand and some things in life will get in everywhere like water. Pickle jar theory
something useful in scheduling time. This approach will help manage time and to have
more of it. The person will feel relaxed and remain stress free since the schedule begins
to flow better. Pickle jar theory overcomes the problems of all the other time
management theories. By using this approach, there will be time to get important things
done first and still have some time to lead the life happily.

Independent Variable

TIME
MANAGEMENT

Dependent Variable

ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCE

Figure 1: The Conceptual Framework of the Study

20
The diagram illustrated on Figure 1 represents the conceptual framework of the
study. The time management represents the independent variable and academic
performance represents as the dependent variable.

Significance of the study

This research would help the following groups of individuals:
School Administrators. The school administrators can benefit in this study by
determining the strength and weaknesses of the student in relation to time management
and they may be able to come up with a better schedule that can benefit both the school
and the students.
Teachers. They can also benefit in this study because through this additional
knowledge they can help the students to improve their grades by teaching them
regarding time management.
Nursing Students. This research will help the students to have awareness about
time management. It will contribute additional knowledge regarding time management to
make it more productive and effective in different tasks. It will also help them to improve
their academic performance upon using this research as a guide. It promotes more
chances to the students, most especially to those student mothers because it is really
hard for them to go in school while taking care of their own family, sometimes they were
late and make absences. But through this study, it will help them to manage their time
between family and academic performance. Through this study, it will help them to
realize that having a family to take care isnt a hindrance to have a successful academic
performance.

Definition of Terms
The terms used in this study is defined based on operational definition.

21
Academic performance: This refers to the final grades obtained by the nursing
students in their major nursing subjects.
Nursing Students: This refers to the nursing students of St. John Paul II College
of Davao who were enrolled in second semester of the academic year 2014-2015. The
said students were the respondents and also the subject of the study.
Time Management: This refers on how the nursing students spend, manage, and
prioritize their activities. It also refers to how the students applied the seven time
management skills or behaviors that can be considered to effective time management
based on the study of Feeny Jonson(2002), this includes time analysis, planning, goal
setting, prioritizing, scheduling, organizing, and establishing new and improved time
habits.

22
CHAPTER 2
METHODOLOGY
Presented in this chapter is the research design, research locale, respondents of
the study, research instruments, data gathering procedure and statistical treatment.

Research Design
In this study, the researcher used a descriptive- correlational method. With this,
the aim was to determine the level of time management and the level of academic
performance of the nursing students and also will determine the relationship between
time management and academic performance.

Subjects of the Study

The respondents of the study was the nursing students enrolled in second
semester of the academic year 2014-2015. The researcher utilized the non-random
purposive sampling technique for the selection of the subjects.

Research Instruments
In this study, the researcher used a survey questionnaire to determine the time
management of the students. The questionnaire is composed of 20 questions patterned
after the study of Britton and Tesser.
Shown in table 1 was the scaling for time management as the independent
variable in which the respondents answered the survey questions as 5-Always,4Often,3-Sometimes,2-Rarely, and 1-Never. Shown in table 2 was the scaling of
academic performance of the nursing students in which the final grades were ranked
into very high, high, moderate, low, and very low.

23
Table 1: Scaling for Time Management
RATING SCALE

DESCRIPTIVE

RANGES

EQUIVALENT

GRADES

OF INTERPRETATION

Always

4.50-5.00

Very High

Often

3.50-4.49

High

Sometimes

2.50-3.49

Average

Rarely

1.50-2.49

Low

Never

1.00-1.49

Very Low

Table 2: Scaling for Academic Performance

RANGE OF GRADES

DESCRIPTIVE OF

INTERPRETATION

EQUIVALENT
Very Good

Very high

Good

High

Fair

Moderate

Poor

Low

Very Poor

Very Low

95-100

85-94

80-84

75-79

Below 75
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE
The researchers used the following data gathering procedures:
1.The researchers send a letter to the Director/ Vice President of Finance of St. John
Paul II College of Davao asking permission to conduct a research study on time
management and academic performance of the nursing students. In addition, a letter

24
signed by the Dean of College of Nursing was given to the clinical instructors requesting
a permission to have access of the final grade of the respondents.
2.Upon approval, the survey questionnaires was then retrieving from the respondents.
On the other hand, the grades of the nursing students enrolled in second semester was
collected with the permission from the clinical instructors.
3.The results from the survey as well as the grades were tallied, tabulated, computed,
interpreted and analyzed.

Statistical Treatment
Mean. This was used to determine the level of academic performance and time
management of the nursing students.
Pearson r. This was used to determine the relationship of time management
and academic performance of the nursing students.

CHAPTER 3
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS FINDINGS
This chapter presents, analyzes and interprets the responses of the respondents
concerning time management and academic performance of the nursing students.

25
Level of Time Management of the Nursing Students
Shown in Table 3 is the level of time management of nursing students have
ranges from 2.93 to 4.26 with an overall mean rating of 3.63 described as high. This
means that the level of time management of nursing students is high.
The data for time management of nursing student is classified from highest to
lowest mean ratings. The item with the highest mean rating of 4.26 which interpret as
high- 9.) I believe that there is room for improvement in the way I manage my time.
Followed by item 11. With a mean rating of 4.23 , I feel I am in charge of my own time .
Followed by item 7. With a mean rating of 4.06 ,I set and honor priorities.
And for the lowest mean rating of 2.93 which interpret as average- I make a list
of things I have to do each day. Followed by item 19 with a mean rating of3.1. I prepare
a daily or weekly to do list followed by item 2. With a mean rating of 3.2, I make
schedule activities I have to do on weekdays.
The nursing students had been observed that if they only know how to manage
their time their goals to achieve in their studies will never be impossible. Making lists,
organizing, goal setting, keeping and routinely evaluating ones schedule according to
Kelly (2002), are behaviors that would help them in order to become successful in their
academic performance and those will guide them on how to manage their time. The
nursing students will be guided by those behaviors in prioritizing and setting their goals
in life.

26
Table 3 Level of Time Management of the Nursing Students.
Item

Mean

Interpreta

1. I make a list of things I have to do each day.

2. I make a schedule of activities I have to do on

2.93
3.2

tion
Average
Average

weekdays.
3. I plan my day before I start it.
4. I write a set of goals for myself for each day.
5. I have a clear idea of what I want to accomplish

3.23
3.36
3.7

Average
Average
Average

3.3
4.06
3.46
4.26

Average
High
Average
High

the way I manage my time.

10.I keep up-to-date on my reading and homework

3.73

High

assignments.
11.I feel I am in charge of my own time.
12.I periodically re-assess my activities in relation

4.23
4.1

High
High

13.I make constructive use of my time.

14.I have a clear idea of what I want to accomplish

3.63
4

High
High

during the coming semester.

15.I have a set of goals of the entire quarter.
16.I usually keep desk clear of everything other

3.56
3.86

High
High

than what I am currently working.

17.When I have several things to do, I think it is the

3.53

High

best to do a little bit of work on each one.

18.I spend enough time on academic matters.

3.86

High

3.1

Average

3.53

High

3.63

High

6.
7.
8.
9.

during the next week.

I spend time to do my planning every day.
I set and honor priorities.
I continue profitable routines or activities.
I believe that there is room for improvement in

to my goals.

19.I prepare a daily or weekly to do list.

20.I am able to meet deadlines without rushing at
the last minute.
Overall

Level of Academic Performance of the Nursing Students

Shown in Table 4 is the level of academic performance of the nursing students.
The final grades in major subjects of the respondents the first year to fourth year
nursing students in second semester SY 2014-2015 were used for the academic
performance.

27
The academic performance of the nursing students has ranges from 73-83 %
with a mean rating of 75 described as poor.
Table 4 : ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF NURSING STUDENTS
Ranges of Grades

Frequency

Percentage

Interpretation

90-100

Very High

85-89

High

80-84

10

Average

75-79
74 below
Total

25
2
30

83.33
6.66
100

Low
Very Low

Results
Ranges of Grade=

Overall Mean = 75

Low

73- 83

The data also revealed that there were 10% of respondents whose grades are
within the range of 80-83, described as good, 83.33 % of respondents whose grade are
within 75-79, described as fair and there were 6.66% of respondents whose grade is
below 74 with an overall mean of 75% described as low.
According to Elliot (2009), good academic performance is also linked having
good organizational skill such as tidy place to work and good time management. And
these are all things that need to be considered. But this will raise the academic
performance session and then focuses and concentrates on having the right mind- set
for raising academic performance so as to learn more effectively. When relaxing, the
mind becomes more absorbent and able to learn. Confidence is also needed. A person
can be smarter and have faith that ones perceptions and ideas are as good as if not
better than many other people.
Variables

Computed

Degree

of Computed

r. value

Relationshi

Critical

Decision

T-value

value

on HO

0.356

2.048

Accept

p
Time

30

0.124

Negligible

28
Managemen

correlation

Ho

Academic

30

Performance
Table 5: correlation Between Variables

TABLE 5 : Relationship between Time Management and Academic Performance

Table 5 displayed the relationship between time management and academic
performance. The Pearson correlation coefficient has a value of 0.124 which indicates a
negligible correlation. The probability level is 2.048, which is higher than the 0.05 level
of significance which leads to the acceptance of the null hypothesis. This implies that
there is no significant relationship between time management and academic
performance. Based on the result, it appears that time management factors do not show
evidence that could enhance the academic performance of the nursing students.
Presented in Table 5 is the level of significant relationship between time
management and academic performance of nursing students. The computed r-value
is 0.124 which has a negligible correlation in degree of relationship. Shown also in the
table is the computed t-value of

0.356 with a critical value of 2.048. The computed t-

value is smaller than critical value. Therefore the hypothesis is accepted. The degree of
relationship

between

the

two variables

relationship

between

time management and

is negligible

correlation; there

academic performance

of

is no
nursing

students.
It has been observed that the time management of the nursing students was high
it doesnt mean that their academic performance was also high. Some of them had
prioritized other things much more in their studies that is why they failed to have a good
performance. Being a nursing student it is important how to manage time because in the
future this profession, time management is encouraging because nurses is dealing lives
wherein there is no rewind.

29

Chapter 4
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This

chapter

presents

recommendations of the study.

SUMMARY

the

summary

of

findings,

conclusions

and

30
The study aimed to determine the level of time management and academic
performance of nursing student. Specifically, the study was conducted to answer the
following questions;
1. What is the level of time management of the nursing students?
2. What is the level of academic performance of the nursing students?
3. Is there a significant relationship between time management and academic
performance of the nursing students?
The null hypothesis was tested at 0.05 level of significant that there is no
significant relationship between time management and academic performance of
nursing students.
Conclusions
The findings of the study are summarized as follows:
1. The level of time management of nursing students with the mean scores
ranging from 2.93 to 4.26 with an overall mean rating of 3.63 described as high.
2. The level of classroom performance of nursing students with the mean grade
ranging from 73 to 83 has an overall mean of 75 described as Low.
3. There is no significant relationship between time management and academic
performance of nursing students of St. John Paul II College of Davao.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Based

on

the

findings

and

conclusions

of

the

study

the

following

recommendations are formulated:

1. The Dean of Nursing may continue to focus on developing the capability of
nursing students of St. John Paul II College of Davao regarding their time
management and academic performance.
2. The clinical instructors may continue to guide the students in their academic
performance and guide the students to use their time in studying.
3. The student may continue to pursue how to improve their academic performance
within their selves.

31

REFERENCES
A.Internet
http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newHTE_00.htm
http://cepa.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/time%20management.pdf.pdf
http://idl.isead.edu.es:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1767/1/9789535103356.pdf
http://work.chron.com/meaning-academic-performance-17332.html

32
http://www.fatih.edu.tr/~hugur/study_hard/Academic%20Performance%20of%20College
%20Students.pdf
http://pubs.sciepub.com/education/1/8/3/
http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/4498/7/07_chapter%202.pdf
http://timemanagementtao.com/time-management-theory.html
http://www.ripublication.com/ijepa/ijepav1n2_8.pdf

http://krepublishers.com/02-Journals/S-EM/EM-09-0-000-15-Web/S-EM-09-1-15-AbstPDF/S-EM-9-1-019-359-15-Karakose-T/S-EM-9-1-019-359-15-Karakose-T-Tx[3].pdf
http://alistapart.com/article/pickle
https://www.google.com.ph/?
gferd=cr&ei=Gx2VKCWAYXW8gew3YHADg#g=what+is+academic+performance+2014
http://cepa.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/time%20management.pdf.pdf
http://www.mcser.org/journal/index.php/mjss/article/viewFile/3544/3485
http://www.intechopen.com/books/time-management/what-do-we-know-about-timemanagement-a-review-of-the-literature-and-a-psychometric-critique-of-inst
http:ph.yhs4.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search;ylt=A2oKmMj5zL1UHgQAExbfSQx.?
p=time+management+and+academic+performance+britton+and+tesser+review+of+rela
ted+literature+2010&type=wjsearchpageya3672&fr2=sbtopph.yhs4.search&hsimp=yhsmystartde
fault&hspart=visicom&b=11&pstart=2
http://www.time- management-success.com/pickle-jar-theory.html
www.researchgate.net/publication/221794272_Nursing_students'_time_management_r
educing_stress_and_gaining_satisfaction_a_grounded_theory_study
http://repositorio.ucm.ac.mz/bitstream/123456789/60/1/tese-de-doutoramentoAMMD.pdf

33
http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/4498/7/07_chapter%202.pdf

Appendix A
Letter of Transmittal

April 23,2015

Ms. April B. Evangelista, MBA

School Director/Vice- President for Finance
St. John Paul II College of Davao

34
Ecoland Drive Matina,Davao City

Dear Maam,

I am Senamel A. Balason, a 3 rd year BSN student of this institution is currently

conducting a study entitled Time Management and Academic Performance of the
Nursing Student of St. John Paul II College of Davao.

In connection to this, I would like to ask for your approval to allow me to conduct the
said study and distribute a survey questionnaire to my respondents who are the nursing
students.
Thank you for your consideration.

Sincerely yours,
Senamel A. Balason
student

April 30,2015

Ms. Emalyn D. Santiesteban, RN,MAN

Dean of College of Nursing
St. John Paul II College of Davao
Ecoland Drive, Matina, Davao City

35
Dear Maam,
I, Senamel A. Balason, a 3 rd year nursing student of this institution would like to ask a
permission and approval from your office to allow me to conduct my survey in research
study as a requirement for my Nursing Research 2 subject.

I am currently conducting my study entitled Time Management and Academic

Performance of the Nursing Student of St. John Paul II College of Davao. In connection
to this, I would like to ask from your good office the data pertaining to the grades in
major subjects of the nursing students as the respondents of my study.

Thank you for your kind consideration.

Respectfully yours,
Senamel A. Balason
student

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
Dear Respondents,
The purpose of this survey is to determine the level of time management among the
nursing students. Indicate your response by encircling the number to present your best
answer using the following rating scale: 5- Always, 4- Often, 3- Sometimes, 2- Seldom,
1- Never.
1.I make a list of things I have to do each day.
2.I make a schedule of activities I have to do on weekdays.

5
5

4
4

3
3

2
2

1
1

3.I plan my day before I start it.

4.I write a set of goals for myself for each day.
5.I have a clear idea of what I want to accomplish during the next

5
5
5

4
4
4

3
3
3

2
2
2

1
1
1

week.
6.I spend time to do my planning everyday.
7.I set and honor priorities.

5
5

4
4

3
3

2
2

1
1

36
8.I continue profitable routines or activities.
9.I believe that there is room for improvement in the way I

5
5

4
4

3
3

2
2

1
1

manage my time.
10.I keep up-to-date on my reading and homework assignments.
11.I feel I am in-charge of my own time.
12.I periodically re-assess my activities in relation to my goals.
13.I make constructive use of my time.
14.I have a clear idea of what I want to accomplish during the

5
5
5
5
5

4
4
4
4
4

3
3
3
3
3

2
2
2
2
2

1
1
1
1
1

coming semester.
15.I have a set of goals of the entire quarter.
16.I usually keep desk clear of everything other than what I am

5
5

4
4

3
3

2
2

1
1

currently working.
17.When I have several things to do, I think it is the best to do a

little bit of work on each one.

18.I spend enough time on academic matters.
19.I prepare a daily or weekly to do list.
20.I am able to meet deadlines without rushing at the last

5
5
5

4
4
4

3
3
3

2
2
2

1
1
1

minute.
CURRICULUM VITAE

SENAMEL A. BALASON
Deca Homes, Tigatto, Davao City
Personal information
Date of birth

August 18,1987

Place of birth

Liangga,Surigao del Sur

Height

51 ft

Weight

54 kls

Religion

Catholic

Fathers name

Senen M. Balason

Mothers name

Amelia A. Balason

37
Educational Attainment

Elementary

Mati Central Elementary School II

(1998-1999)

High School

Mati National Comprehensive High School

(2003-2004)

College

St. John Paul II College of Davao

(undergrad)

TIME MANAGEMENT AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE NURSING

STUDENTS OF ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO

A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the College of Nursing

St. John Paul II College of Davao

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the

Degree of Bachelor of Science in Nursing

38

By:
Balason,Senamel A.

March 2015

Table of Contents

Title page

Page

Chapter 1
Background of the Study

Statement of the Problem

Hypothesis

Review of related Literature

3-11

Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

11-12

Significance Of the Study

13

Definition of Terms

13-14

Chapter 2
Research Design

15

Research Subjects

15

Research Instruments

15-16

39
Data Gathering Procedures

16-17

Statistical Treatment of Data

17

Questionnaire

18-19