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Ajit Singh (died 15 August 1947): He was an uncle of Bhagat Singh, the well known
revolutionary. He was a very close associate of Lala Lajpat Rai, along with whom he was
arrested and deported to Mandalay. After his release he started a paper Peshwa and
founded the revolutionary Bharat Mata Society. In 1908 he escaped from India and from
1908 to 1947 he lived in various countries and worked with the Ghadar Party. On August 15,
1947 soon after his return home, he died.
Ambedkar Dr. B.R (1891-1956): He was an untouchable and throughout his life worked for
the moral and material progress of the untouchables. He was a great scholar who did M.Sc.
and DSc. from London. He was a great jurist by profession and equally a great social worker,
politician, writer and educationist. In 1924 he founded the Depressed Class- Institute and in
1927, the Samaj Samata Sangha, to propagate the gospel of social equality among
untouchables and caste Hindus. He launched a number of movements of securing equal
status for the lower castes. He was appointed the Law Minister in the interim government
and also Chairman of the Constituent Assemblys Drafting Committee.
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Azad, Abul Kalam (1888-1958): He was born in Mecca. His father was a great mystic and- a
scholar of eminence and his Arab mother was the daughter of the Mufti of Madina. He had
traditional education and was a great scholar of Arabic, Persian, Urdu and Islamic theology
and adopted the pen-name of Azad at the age of 16. In 1909 he took to journalism and
published a number of papers such as Al-Nadwah, The Vakil, Al-Hilal, Al-Salagh. He was
elected President of the INC when only 35, the youngest to hold that office. In 1940, he was
elected a second time and continued to hold that position until June 1946. After
independence and until his death on 22 February, 1958, Azad. was Education Minister in
Nehrus Cabinet. Azads famous autobiographical narrative India Wins Freedom is very
famous as well as controversial work to his credit.
Azad, Chandra Shekhar (1906-1931): One of the most famous revolutionaries from present
Uttar Pradesh. He was arrested during the non-cooperation - movement, but was flogged
for ridiculing the court during trial for telling his name as Azad his fathers Swatantra and
his home as Prison. From then he became famous as Azad. He was actively associated with
the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army and involved in a number of revolutionary and
terrorist cases such as Kakori Conspiracy, Lahore Conspiracy etc.
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Besant, Annie (1846-1933). Irish by birth, she was a staunch supporter of Indias
struggle for freedom. She founded the Home Rule League in Madras in
Theosophical Society of India. She was the President of the Indian National
Congress for one term.
Bharati, Subramania (1882-1921): Eminent poet of Tamil renaissance; the title of
the Bharati was conferred on him by Raja of Ettayapuram (Tamil Nadu) when he
was only eleven (Bharati is a popular name of Saraswati, goddess- of learning);
associated with the extremists in the Congress; wrote songs in praise of gods and
notable personalities including Gandhiji and Guru Gobind Singh.
Bhave, Acharya Vinoba: A close associate of Mahatma Gandhi, he was the leader of
Sarvodaya and the Bhoodan Movements. He was also a staunch advocate of cow
protection. He was awarded Bharat Ratna Posthumously.
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Das, Jatindra Nath (1904-1929). One of the greatest revolutionaries, he was arrested on June
14, 1929, for complicit in the Lahore Conspiracy Case. Died in Lahore jail on September 13,
1929 after observing fast for 63 days.
Dayanand Saraswati (1824-1899): A leading social reformer, he founded the Arya Samaj. In
his book Satyartha Prakash he critically examined various ritualistic practices of the Hindu
religion. He fought for removal of untouchability, widow remarriage and abolition of other
evils of the Hindu Society.
Derozio, Henry Lous Vivian (1809-31). A talented Eurasian (his father was Portuguese and his
mother an Indian) and one of the pioneers of the renaissance in Bengal. He was a poet and a
lecturer of Literature and History of Hindu College, Calcutta. Derozio and his followers
popularly known as Derozions or Young Bengal were the early harbingers of radical thought
and practice which seriously alarmed the aristocratic sections of the community. His critical
approach had the effect of liberating the minds of his young pupils and inculcating the
nationalist sentiments in them.
Desai, Mahadeva (1892-1942): Secretary to Mahatma Gandhiji, was a great non-violent
fighter of Indias struggle for independence Actively participated in the non-cooperation
disobedience movement (1930) individual satyagraha (1941) and Quit India Movement (1942).
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Har Dayal, Lala (1884-1939): He was a great revolutionary and one of founder
of the Ghadar Party, he was author of several books, the most v known being
Hints for Self Culture, Twelve Religions and Modern Li He died in March
1939, while on a lecture tour in the USA.
Hume, Allan Octavian {A.O: Hume} (1821912): He Was a British Civil Servant in
India, who after his retirement from service in 1882 worked Indias political
claims and is known as the Father and founder of the INC Hume was the
guiding spirit during the formative years of the INC. He had studied medicine
and surgery and was a great naturalist and botanist.
Hussain, Dr. Zakir (1897-1969): Formulated Wardha Scheme of Education
formerly Vice-Chancellor of Jamia Millia (1926-53) and later Vice Chancell
Muslim University Aligarh. Governor of Bihar (1957-62), Vice-President India
(1962-67), he was elected as President of India in 1967.
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Lajpat Rai, Lala (1865-1929): A well known freedom fighter from the Punjab, made
important contribution to national movement and social reforms. While leading a
demonstration against the Simon Commission at Lahore, he lathi-charged and
mortally wounded. He was one of the pillars of extremism in India.
Malaviya, Madan Mohan (18611946): A leading nationalist and patriot initially a
school teacher and subsequently an Advocate by profession, he withdrew from legal
practice in .1909, and kept up an abiding interest in journalism. He published a number
of weekly and dailies in Hindi and English such Hindustan, the Indian Union,
Abhyudaya (weeklies) Maryada and Kisan (monthly) and the daily, Leader in English.
He was a member of the INC since 1886. He was elected to the Imperial Council in 1921
and, was E ardent critic to the British policies. He was a devout Hindu and a founder
member of Hindu Mahasabha. He founded the Banaras Hindu University 1916 and
remained its Vice-Chancellor from 1919 to 1938.
Mehta, Ferozeshah (1845-1915): A pioneering nationalist, popularly known as the
uncrowned king of Bombay, belonging to a middle class Parsi family. He was one of
the founders of the Bombay Presidency Association and the INC. He was a typical
moderate and loyalist but a true nationalist.
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Meera Behn (1892-1982): Born as Madeleine Slade in England, she was named
Meera Behn by Mahatma Gandhi whose disciple and associate she was. She was
awarded Padma Vibhushan in 1982.
Munshi, K.M. (1887-1971): He played an active role in Indias freedom struggle and
held important public offices after independence. He was a great writer and
educationalist. He was the founder of Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan a trust for running
educational institution and publication of books on Indology.
Naidu, Mrs. Sarojini (1879-1948): A follower of Mahatma Gandhi, she took active
part in Indias freedom struggle. She was once elected President of the Indian
National Congress. She was a gifted poet of the English language and was
popularly known as the Nightingale of India. After independence she became the
first women Governor of an Indian State (U.P.).
Nehru, Motilal (1861-1931): Father of Jawaharlal Nehru, he was himself a great
patriot and freedom fighter. He was also an eminent lawyer. He was one of the
founder leaders of the Swarajist Party.
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Pandit, Vijaya Lakshmi (1900): Sister of Jawaharlal Nehru, a prominent national leader,
was imprisoned thrice in connection with the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1932, 1941
and 1942. She played an important role as Indias representative in San Francisco during
the first meeting of the UN where she challenged the might of the British.
Pandit, Subha Rao Freedom fighter of social reformer he was the Chairman of the
reception committee of the Madras session of the INC in 1B98 and the General
Secretary of the Congress from 1913 to 1917. He was also one of the prime builders of
modern Andhra. He was also one of the four-founders.
Pal, Bipin Chandra (1858-1932): One of the famous trio Lal, Bal and Pal, B.C. Pal is
popularly known as the father of revolutionary thought in India. He started his
political career by joining the INC in 1886 and simultaneously published Paridasak, a
weekly, and later worked as assistant editor of Bengal Public Opinion and the Tribune.
Pal was a great exponent of Indian Swaraj outside British empire. He was opposed to
caste system and other rigid rules concerning inter-dining and inter-mixing. He was a
noted writer and a powerful speaker. His most famous work being Memories of My Life
and Times in two volumes.
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Sarla Behn (1900-1932): Born Katherine Mary Heilmann, she was named Sarla Behn by
Mahatma Gandhi whose disciple she was. A Social worker, she set up an Ashram at
Kausani in the Kumaon in the Kumaon Hills of U.P. she has written a book entitled
Reviving our Dying Planet.
Savarkar, Vinayak Damodar (1883-1966): One of the Indias earliest revolutionaries and
Hindu Mahasabha leader; sent to England and arrested there in the Nasik Conspiracy
case; author of Indian War of Independence; awarded the honorary degree of literature
by the Poona University.
Shri Narayan Guru (1845-1928): He was a great socio-religious reformer of Kerala, who
relentlessly fought against the Brahmin domination and greatly worked for the spread
of education in Kerala. In spite of belonging to a lower caste he installed the Shiva Idol
at Aruvippuram in 1888. The Aruvippuram Pratistha was a unique event of historical
importance because a person of the lower caste, forbidden from entering the temple
had himself consecrated the Shiva image in a temple. On the wall of the temple he
inscribed the following words Devoid of dividing walls of caste of race, or hatred of
rival-faith, we all live here in Brotherhood. Shree Narayan Guru soon became the
famous saint, seer philosopher, poet and social reformer for millions of people.
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