CRIMINALCOURTS

(Pleasenotethatalldocumentationisforteachingpurposesonlyandshouldnotberegarded
ashavinganyprecedentvalue).
ENGLISHCRIMINALCOURTS
TherearetwomaincategoriesofcriminallawcourtsinEnglandandWales.Theseare:
1.
2.

MagistratesCourts
CrownCourts

1.MAGISTRATESCOURTS
ThemajorityofdefendantschargedwithacriminaloffencearetriedinaMagistratesCourt.
(TherearehundredsofMagistratesCourtsaroundthecountry).TrialsinaMagistratesCourt
areheardinfrontofmagistrates.Mostmagistratesarenotlegallyqualified(i.e.arelay
persons).Theyarehoweverassistedincourtbyacourtclerkwhoisoftenlegallyqualifiedasa
solicitororbarrister.LawyersincourtusuallyaddressamagistrateasYourWorshiporSiror
Madam.
MagistratesCourtsgenerallyhearcasesinvolvingrelativelylessseriouscriminaloffences.
SomecriminaloffencesareonlytriableinMagistratesCourtsandthesearetermedsummary
offences.(Thesebeingcasesinvolvingrelativelyminorcriminaloffences).MagistratesCourts
mayalsohowevertrymoreseriouscriminalcharges,knownasoffencestriableeitherway
althoughthedefendantchargedwithanoffencetriableeitherwaymayalternativelyelectfor
trialinaCrownCourt(seebelow).AnappealfromaMagistratesCourtdecisionmaybemade
toaCrownCourt.
2.CROWNCOURTS
CrownCourtshearcasesconcerningthemostseriousofcriminaloffences(includingfor
instancemurder).Suchoffencesareknownasoffencestriableonlyonindictmentor
indictableoffences.CrownCourttrialsareconductedbyajudgeandareheardinfrontofa
jury.Itisthejudgesroletodirectthejuryonthelawwhereasthejurysfunctionistomake
findingsoffact(includingdecidingwhethertheaccusedpersonisinnocentorguilty!).Appeals
fromaCrownCourtdecisionaremadetotheCriminalDivisionoftheCourtofAppeal.The
finalUKcourtofappealfromMagistratesandCrownCourtdecisionsistheHouseofLords(on
apointoflawonly).

EXERCISE1
Putthefollowingstagesintheconductofacriminalcaseinthecorrectorder:
a.Theprosecutioncalledwitnesseswhostatedthattheyhadseenoneofthedefendantsnear
thesceneofthecrime.
b.AttheMagistratesCourtboththeaccusedpleadednotguilty.
c.Oneoftheaccusedwasfoundguilty.
d.Twosuspectswerearrestedbythepolice

e.Thesuspectswerecharged.
f.Acrimewascommitted.
g.Theotheraccusedwasacquitted.
h.Theaccusedwhowasconvictedwassentencedto3yearsinprison.

EXERCISE2LANGUAGEEXERCISES
TASKA
Wordsendingined.
Suchwords(forexampleaccused,convicted)canbeusedindifferentwaysinEnglish,andare
especiallycommoninlegalEnglish.
Examples:
1.Thesalesmanwasaccusedoffraud.
2.Theaccusedmanwasremandedinprisonuntilthetrial.
Hereweseetwoofthemostcommonusesofwordswiththeedending.Thefirstsentenceis
anexampleofapassivestructure,inwhichaccusedisaverbinthepastparticipleform,
tellinguswhathappenedtothesalesman.
Inthesecondsentencethearticlethebeforeaccusedandthenounmanafterittellusthat
accusedhereisusedasanadjective,meaningwhowasaccused.Inthiscasewecanalso
leaveoutthewordmananduseaccusedasanounonitsown:Theaccusedwasremanded
inprisonuntilthetrial.
(Note:Wecannotuseallwordsendinginedasadjectivesornouns.Althoughwecansaythe
accusedwastoldofhisrights,wecannotsay*thechargedwastoldofhisrights.)
Inthefollowingsentences,decidewhetherthewordsendinginedareadjectives(describing
thenounswhichfollow),adjectivesusedasnounsorpastparticipleverbs.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

ThethiefwasconvictedbytheCrownCourt.
Thearrestedmenwereheldinthecellsforonenight.
Havingbeensentenced,thewomanannouncedthatshewouldappeal.
Thepoliticianwasacquittedofallcharges.
Theaccuseddidnotofferanydefence.

TASKB
Wordsfollowedbyprepositions.
edwordsusedaspastparticiplesareoftenfollowedbyprepositions(by,of,for
etc),e.g.Imtiredofwaiting.
Putthecorrectprepositionfromtheboxineachpairbelow:
oftowithfor

Example:

accusedof

prosecuted_____charged______convicted_______sentenced______
acquitted______
Prepositionsarealsousedinthefollowingphrases:
onbailontrial(for)(not)guiltyof/innocentofinmitigationof
Nowrewritethesesentencesusingtheappropriateprepositionalphrasesfromthelistabove:
Example:
Hewasputontrialforburglary.
=Hewasprosecutedforburglary.
1. Thebankmanagerwasfoundguiltyoffraud.
=Thebankmanagerwas_______________fraud
2. Theteenagerwasorderedtogotoprisonfor2years.
=Theteenagerwas__________________2yearsprison.
3.Shewasconvictedofblackmail.
=Shewasfound_____________blackmail.
4.Tolessentheseriousnessofthecharge,thebarristerexplainedthathisclienthad
stolenthemoneytofeedhissickchildren.
=________________________thecharge,thebarristerexplainedhathisclienthadstolen
themoneytofeedhissickchildren.
5. Thefootballerwasprosecutedforapublicorderoffence.
=Thefootballerwasput_______________________apublicorderoffence.
TASKC
Puttheappropriatewordfromtheboxineachspaceinthefollowingtext.Youneedtoconsider
boththemeaningofthesentenceandthepartofspeechrequiredineachcase.Herearemore
wordsthanspaces,soyouwillnotuseallthewords:

sentencesentencedacquittalacquittedbailbailedconvictedconviction
chargechargedtrialtriedmitigatemitigation

EricJones,23,unemployed,wasarrestedathomeand1.____________withfirearmsoffences
andfraud.Hewasnotremandedincustodybutwasreleasedon2.____________toappearat
KingstonCrownCourtforthe3.___________.Atthecourthewas4.______________ofthe
firearmscharge,butwasfoundguiltyoffraudand5.______________to2yearsinprison,
despitehiscounselarguingin6.____________ofhisclientthathehadbeenforcedintothe
crimebyhisbusinesspartners.MrJonesappealedagainstthe7.________________.The
appealwasunsuccessful,butthe8.______________wasreducedto18monthsinprison.

EXERCISE3PROSECUTIONCASE
YouwereintroducedtoKadirSallehinchapter6.KadirusedtobeadirectorofTravelgraph
Ltd.YoumayrecallthatheleftthatcompanytojoinacompetitornamedWorldlinkLtd.You
wereaskedtodraftaninjunctionordertopreventKadirfromworkingforthiscompetitor.Read
againthefactspatternonpage60ofthebooktoremindyourselfofthedetails.
UPDATE
AnincidentoccurredlastweekinvolvingKadirSalleh.Hewasleavingacinemawhenhe
suddenlysawThomasShapiro,hisformercolleague.Anargumentensued,whichculminated
inKadirSallehbeingchargedwithassault.
INSTRUCTIONSSTAGE1
ReadthefollowingwitnessstatementwhichThomasShapirohasprovidedtothepolice.
WITNESSSTATEMENT
METROPOLITANPOLICE
Station:Kensington
Statementof:ThomasShapiro
AgeifUnder21:Over21 (ifover21insertOver21)
________________________________________________________________________
Thisstatement(consistingof2pages)istruetothebestofmyknowledgeandbeliefandI
makeitknowingthat,ifitistenderedinevidence,IshallbeliabletoprosecutionifIhave
wilfullystatedinitanythingwhichIknowtobefalseordonotbelievetobetrue.
Datedthe12th dayofAugust2007.
Signature:_________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
OntheeveningofSaturday12th AugustmywifeandIwentouttoarestaurantinLondon
fordinner.Welefttherestaurantjustbefore10pmandstartedwalkingalongTottenhamCourt
Roadtowardsourcar.AswewalkedpasttheRumpoleCinemaalargegroupofpeoplewere
comingout.Afilmhadobviouslyjustfinished.
Wecarriedonwalkinganotherfewhundredyardstothecar.JustaswereacheditIheard
someoneshoutingatme.IturnedaroundandrecognisedKadirSalleh.Hewalkedrightupto
me.Helookedangry,whichwassoonconfirmedbythewayhespoketome.Irecallhimsaying
,HelloShapiro,betyoudidntthinkyoudseemeagain!Thoughtyouwerecleverdidyou,
gettingyoursmartlawyerstogetaninjunctionagainstmewhichstoppedmefromtakingupa
reallygoodjobatWorldlink?Ifeltintimidatedbyhisaggressiveattitudeandtriedtoignore
him.
BeforeIcouldunlockthecarhoweverhesteppedcloser.Thenhesaid,Thankstoyou
ShapiroIvebeenunemployedfor6monthsnow!WellthatsyourfaultKadirfortryingto
stealcomputerfilesfromTravelgraphandcolludingwithacompetitorIrepliedasIstartedto
getintothecar.YourethecrookShapiro,notme!heretorted.Thatswhenhesuddenly
punchedmewithhisrightfistontheleftsideofmyface.Mywifescreamed,attractingthe
attentionofotherpeoplewhowerecomingoutofthecinemaandKadirthenranoff.Isustained
ablackeyeandmyspectacleswerebroken.IwenttoCharingCrossHospitalatFulhamPalace
Roadformedicaltreatment.
Signature:_________________(ThomasShapiro)
Witnessedby:G.Mendoza

Imaginethatyouarealawyeractingfortheprosecutionandthatyouareabouttosendacopy
ofThomasShapirosstatementtothelayerdefendingKadirSalleh.Writeacoveringletterin
nomorethantensentencessummarisingThomasShapirosversionofevents.
INSTRUCTIONSSTAGE2
KadirSallehhasnowbeenarrestedbythepoliceandquestionedovertheincident.The
followingdocumentisarecordofthepoliceinterview.
METROPOLITANPOLICE
RECORDOFTAPERECORDEDINTERVIEW
TAPEREFNO.1834892
DATEOFBIRTH:4th April

INTERVIEWOF:KadirSalleh
1969
ADDRESS:4KensingtonPalaceGardens,London

DATE:12th August

INTERVIEWAT:KensingtonPoliceStation
2007

TIMECOMMENCED:23.30
23.45

TIMECONCLUDED:

DURATIONOFINTERVIEW:15minutes
INTERVIEWINGPOLICEOFFICERS:DC339E.JENKINS&DC816SHAKESPEARE
OTHERPERSONSPRESENT:None

SIGNATUREOFOFFICERPREPARINGRECORD:______________________
(EdwardJenkins)

PARTICULARSOFINTERVIEW:

PersonSpeaking

Text

Introductionandcaution
DCEJenkins(EJ)Youhavebeenarrestedonsuspicionofassaultwhichoccurredon
TottenhamCourtRoadat10.00pmtonight.Doyouunderstand
that?
KadirSalleh(KS)YesIdo
EJOkayKadir.Iwanttoaskyousomequestionsaboutthatincident.
KSYoushouldbeaskingShapiro.Hesthetroublemaker,notme.
EJWereyouinthevicinityofTottenhamCourtRoadtonight?
KSYesIwas.
EJWhywasthat?

KSIwenttoseethatnewfilmcalledGlobalStrategy,starringBruce
Battleaxe.
EJWhichcinemadidyougoto?

RECORDOFTAPEDINTERVIEWOFKSCONTINUEDPageNo.2
PersonSpeaking
Text
KS
TheRumpleCinemaonTottenhamCourtRoad.
EJ
Whatdidyoudothen?
KS
Well,Icameoutofthecinemaabout10oclockandheadedtowards
thebusstop.
EJ
Youdidntjustgetonabusandgohomethoughdidyou?
KS
Whatdoyoumean?
EJ
IhaveinformationthatyouassaultedThomasShapiroaftercoming
outofthecinema.
KS
Yeahwell,ifIdidthenhedeservedit.
EJ
SoyouadmitthatyoudidhitThomasShapiro?
KS
Istruckhim,butonlybecauseIwasdefendingmyself.
EJ
Whywouldyouhavetodefendyourself?
KS
Wellbecausehestartedit,shoutingatmeasIstoodatthebusstop.
EJ
Whatdidheshout?
KS
Heshouted,Heyloser,haveyoumanagedtogetajobyetyou
layabout? Thenheandhiswifelaughed.
EJ
Youapproachedhimandpunchedhim.
KS
Iwentovertotalktohim,thatwasall.WhenIgotneartohimhe
startedpushingme,sayingthatIdcosthiscompanyagooddealof
troubleandlegalfees.HekeptpushingmeandthatswhyIthen
punchedhim.
EJ
OkayImgoingtohavetomakefurtherenquiriesaboutthismatter.I
mayhavetointerviewyouagain.
Interviewterminated
SIGNATUREOFOFFICER:________________________(EdwardJenkins)

EXERCISE4COMPREHENSION
1. WhatdoestheDetectiveConstablehavetocheckformallyrightatthebeginningofthe
interview?
2. ThefollowingaresomefurtherpointswhichtheDCwishestoestablishthroughquestioning
KadirSalleh.Putthemintheorderinwhichtheyoccurintheinterview.
a.
b.
c.
d.

Amotivefortheassault.
WhatKadirSallehwasdoingbeforetheassault.
WhetherKadirSallehadmitstheassault.
Thewhereabouts(=location)ofKadirSallehatthetimeoftheassault.

3. Arethefollowingstatementstrueorfalse?
a.
b.
c.

AccordingtoKadirSalleh,hesawThomasShapirobeforethelattersawhim.
AccordingtoKadirSalleh,heactedinselfdefence.
AccordingtoKadirSalleh,ThomasShapirophysicallyassaultedhim.

EXERCISE5QUESTIONTAGS
Questiontagsareaddedattheendofaquestiontoseekeitherconfirmationordenial.For
example:

Itwasaviolentfilm,wasntit?promptsconfirmation.
Hedidntpushyoudidhe?seeksanegativeresponse,i.e.denial.

Itisimportanttousethesameverbasinthemainsentencewhenyouaddaquestiontag.
Addquestiontagstothefollowingsentences:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

YouusedtoworkforTravelgraph.
YouwereleavingthecinemawhenyousawThomasShapiro.
Youareunemployed.
Hewouldnotstopshouting.
Youcouldntfindanotherjob.

INSTRUCTIONSSTAGE3
FollowingtheinterviewwithKadir,thepolicedecidetoinvestigatetheincidentfurther.They
havenowtakenstatementsfromthefollowingwitnesses:

CeliaShapiro(ThomasShapiroswife)
JacobSoetan(anindependentwitness)
Dr.R.Jatim

Readthesestatementscarefully.Thenprepareashortsubmissiontothecourtonbehalfofthe
prosecutionsettingouttheevidencewhichsupportstheallegationsagainstKadirSalleh.
WITNESSSTATEMENT
METROPOLITANPOLICE
Station:Kensington
Statementof:JacobSoetan
AgeifUnder21:Over21
(ifover21insertOver21)
________________________________________________________________________
Thisstatement(consistingof1pagesignedbyme)istruetothebestofmyknowledgeand
beliefandImakeitknowingthat,ifitistenderedinevidence,IshallbeliabletoprosecutionifI
havewilfullystatedinitanythingwhichIknowtobefalseordonotbelievetobetrue.
Datedthe13th dayofAugust2007
Signature____________________(JacobSoetan)
________________________________________________________________________
MynameisJacobSoetan.IamalawstudentattheUniversityofLondon.OnSaturday12th
AugustIwentwithmygirlfriendtotheRumpoleCinemainTottenhamCourtRoadtoseethe
newlyreleasedfilmGlobalStrategy.Wecameoutofthecinemaataround10oclockand
werediscussingwhethertogoontotheSkystarnightclubinSohowhenwesuddenlyhearda
womanscream.IlookedoverandsawthreepeoplestandingbesideasilverMercedescoupe.
Thewomanwhodscreamedwasstandingbesidethepassengerdoorofthevehicle.Aman
wasstandingontheothersideofthecarandhadthedriversdooropen.Anothermanstanding
directlybehindhimwasdrawinghisarmbackasifhedjustpunchedthemanstandingbythe
driversdoor.

IwentovertoseeifIcouldhelpandthemanwhoappearedtohavepunchedtheotherman
ranoff.Ithentelephonedthepoliceonmymobiletelephone.Themanwhoranoffwasaged
about35to40yearsold.Hehadshortblackhairandwasofmediumheightandbuild.
Signature__________________(JacobSoetan)
Witnessedby:______________(G.Mendoza)
WITNESSSTATEMENT
METROPOLITANPOLICE
Station:Kensington
Statementof:CeliaShapiro
AgeifUnder21:Over21
(ifover21insertOver21)
_______________________________________________________________________
Thisstatement(consistingof1pagesignedbyme)istruetothebestofmyknowledgeand
beliefandImakeitknowingthat,ifitistenderedinevidence,Ishallbeliabletoprosecutionif
IhavewilfullystatedinitanythingwhichIknowtobefalseordonotbelievetobetrue.
Datedthe13th dayofAugust2007
Signature__________________(CeliaShapiro)
________________________________________________________________________
OnSaturday12th AugustIwentouttoarestaurantwithmyhusband,ThomasShapiro.We
wenttoMunchkinsRestaurantinTottenhamCourtRoad,whichisoneofmyfavourite
restaurants.Thefoodisalwaysgoodandthedessertsaredelicious.Wewerereturningtoour
carwhenIsuddenlyrealisedthatamanwhohadjustcomeoutofthenearbycinemawas
walkingtowardsmyhusband.Ibecamealarmedbecausethisindividualthenstartedshouting
atmyhusband.Thomasappearedtorecognisethemanbecauseheknewhisnameandtried
toreasonwithhim.Themanwasveryagitatedandaggressive,however.Icantremember
exactlywhathewassayingbutIdorecallhimsayingsomethingaboutThomasbeingtoblame
forhimbeingunemployed.Ithensawthemanpunchmyhusbandonhisfaceandscreamed.
Severalpeoplestandingoutsidethecinemathencameovertoseewhatwashappeningand
oneofthemtelephonedthepoliceonhismobiletelephone.Atthatpointthemanwhod
punchedThomasranofftowardsRegentsPark.
Signature:_____________________(CeliaShapiro)
Witnessedby:__________________(G.Mendoza)

WITNESSSTATEMENT
METROPOLITANPOLICE
Station:Kensington
Statementof:DrRJatim,MB,MRCP
AgeifUnder21Over21
(ifover21insertOver21)
_______________________________________________________________________
Thisstatement(consistingof1pagesignedbyme)istruetothebestofmyknowledgeand
beliefandImakeitknowingthat,ifitistenderedinevidence,IshallbeliabletoprosecutionifI
havewilfullystatedinitanythingwhichIknowtobefalseordonotbelievetobetrue.

Datedthe13th dayofAugust2007
Signature:___________________(RJatim)
_______________________________________________________________________
IamaqualifiedmedicalpractitionerandholdthedegreeofBachelorofMedicine.OnSaturday
th
12 August2007IwasondutyintheAccidentandEmergency(A&E)DepartmentofCharing
CrossHospitalinLondon.Atapproximately11.00pmthatnightIattendeduponThomas
Shapiro(dateofbirth12th February1968),whoarrivedatthehospitalformedicaltreatment
followinganassault.
OnexaminingThomasShapiroIfoundthathehadthefollowinginjuries:
1upperfronttoothmissing
Minorlacerationstothelowerlip
Inaddition,heappearedtobeinastateofminorshock.
Themouthinjuryhadstoppedbleeding.IclearedthelaceratedskinaroundMrShapiroslip.He
didnotrequireanyfurthertreatmentandwasnotdetainedinhospital.
Signature:____________________(RezaJatim)
Witnessedby:_______________(G.Mendoza)

INSTRUCTIONSSTAGE4
HavingconsideredthesefurtherstatementsthepolicehavedecidedtochargeKadirSalleh
withassaultcausingactualbodilyharm.Thefollowingdocumentsare:

thechargesheetintimatingtoKadirthatheisbeingchargedwiththisoffence
theindictmentprovidingparticularsoftheoffenceKadirSallehischargedwith.

Nowreadthesedocumentscarefullythancompletetheexerciseswhichfollow.
METROPOLITANPOLICE
CHARGESHEET
SURNAME:Salleh
FORENAME(S):Kadir
DATEOFBIRTH:4th April1969
OFFICERINCASE:D.C.339Jenkins
OCCUPATIONOFACCUSED:ArchitectPOLICESTATION:
Kensington
ADDRESS:4KensingtonPalaceGardens,London
CHARGE
AtTottenhamCourtRoadon12th August2007youassaultedThomasShapiro,therebycausing
himactualbodilyharmcontrarytoSection47oftheOffencesAgainstthePersonAct1861.

REPLY:NoReply

COURT:Magistrates

10

ADDRESS:BowStreetMagistratesCourt,TheCourthouse,BowStreet,London.
Youarerequiredtoattendtheabovenamedcourtat:
th
Time:10.00amDate:17 August2007

BAILCRIME
IhavegrantedbailinaccordancewiththeBailAct1976andundertheprovisionsofthePolice
andCriminalEvidenceAct1984forthepersonnamedonthisform,whoissubjecttoadutyto
surrendertocustodybeforetheMagistratesCourtsittingattheplaceandtimeshowninthe
boxabovetoanswerthechargemadeagainsthim.

OFFICERBAILING:G.Bayler
Time:17.00Date:13th August2007

Rank/No.PC851

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:IhavebeeninformedthatunlessIsurrendertocustodyasshown
aboveImaybeliabletoafine,orimprisonmentorbothandrearrest.Ihavebeengivena
copyofthischargesheet.
Signed:______________________
KadirSalleh

INDICTMENTNo.13564
INBOWSTREETMAGISTRATESCOURT
THEQUEENvKADIRSALLEH
KADIRSALLEHischargedasfollows:
STATEMENTOFOFFENCE
ASSAULTOCCASIONINGACTUALBODILYHARM,contrarytoSection46ofthe
OffencesAgainstthePersonAct1861.
PARTICULARSOFOFFENCE
KADIRSALLEHon12TH AUGUST2007assaultedThomasShapiro,therebyoccasioning
himactualbodilyharm.

Officerof
theCourt

EXERCISE6LANGUAGEEXERCISE:FORMALVOCABULARY
Thewordsinitalicsbelowareformalwords(takenfromthewitnessstatements,chargesheet
andindictmentabove)whicharecommonlyusedinlegalcontexts.
a) Underlinethesentencesinthetextswherethewordsoccur.
b) Matchthemwiththesynonymsgivenintherighthandcolumnsofthetable
below.

11

Example:tendered=given
Tendered

details

provisions

Liable

cause(something)

willfully
detained

real
legaltermsand
conditions
given

surrenderto
custody
particulars
(to)occasion

Thereby

actual(bodilyharm)

subject(toa
penalty)
kept
asaresult
intentionally
appearincourt

EXERCISE7:CRIMINALTRIALADVOCACY
Asexplainedinchapter9,anadvocatemustbeabletouselanguagepersuasivelyand
effectively.ReadagainthesectionentitledAdvocacyGuideinchapter9(onpage90ofthe
book)andthesectionentitledAddressingtheCourt(page96)toremindyourselfofsomeof
theprinciplesofadvocacy.Alwaysbearinmindthattheprimarypurposeofadvocacyisto
persuadethecourttoreachtheverdictordecisionyouwantonbehalfofyourclient.Skillful
advocatesarethereforeproficientintheartofeffectivepresentation.Thecourtwilllistento
youbecauseitisthejoboftheJudgeorjurytosubsequentlymakeadecision(i.e.afinding)
eitherinfavourofyourclientoragainsthim/her.Itisuptoyouthereforetomakethemostof
theopportunitywhenitisyourturntospeakincourt(inotherwordstoadvocateonbehalfof
yourclient).
Commandsareeasytofromandarethesteminfinitivewithoutto(present,keep,asketc).
Rewritethefollowingsentencesintheformofcommands.
1.
2.
3.
4.

Canyoucallthenextwitness?
Wouldthecourtnowriseplease?
Youneedtolookattheevidenceonpage10ofthewitnessstatement.
Areyougoingtopresentthecasefortheclaimantnow?

EXERCISE8:CROSSEXAMINATION
ImaginethatyouareactingasprosecutingcounselinKadirSallehscriminaltrial.Youintendto
crossexaminehim.Asafirststeptopreparingthecrossexamination,rereadthepolice
interviewrecord.
ThefollowingpreparationsheetsetsoutsomeinitialquestionstoaskKadirSallehwhencross
examininghim(undertheheadingentitledINTRODUCTION).Theheadingsnumbered1to3
refertomainallegationsintheprosecutioncaseagainstSalleh.Completethelistbywritingout
furtherquestionstoaskhiminthecourseofyourcrossexaminationundereachofthe
headingsnumbered1to3,rememberingto:

presenttheevidenceinalogicalsequence(commonlychronologically)

12

keepyourquestionsshort
generallyaskleadingquestions
avoidbullyingthewitness
puttheprosecutioncasetothewitness(puttingtohimforinstancetheversionofevents
youcontendiscorrect)
challengethewitnessontheevidenceinhiswitnessstatementwhichtheprosecution
disputes(rememberthatyoucanonlyrefertotheprosecutionsallegationsandcontend
thatSallehisbeinguntruthfulinyourclosingspeechifyouhaveprovidedtheaccusedwith
theopportunitytorespondtoyourcontentions).

KADIRSALLEH:CROSSEXAMINATION
INTRODUCTION
MrKadir,youwenttotheRumpoleCinemaonthenightofSaturday12th Augustdidntyou?
AmIrightinsayingthatyousawafilmcalledGlobalStrategy?
Itwasaviolentfirmwasntit?
YousawThomasShapirowalkingtohiscarasyoucameoutofthecinemadidntyou?
Isntittruethatthismanisaformercolleague?
Youwerestillangrywithhimoverthelegaldisputeyouwereinvolvedinwithhimrecently
werentyou?
1.KADIRSALLEHPUNCHEDTHOMASSHAPIRO

2.KADIRSALLEHASSAULTEDTHOMASSHAPIRODELIBERATELY

3.KADIRSALLEHWASNOTACTINGINSELFDEFENCE

EXERCISE9:CROSSEXAMINATION
Nowimaginethatyouareactingfortheaccused,KadirSalleh.Youareabouttocrossexamine
ThomasShapiro.Firstly,readhiswitnessstatementagain.Headings1to3belowlistimportant
aspectsofthecaseforthedefence.WritedownalistofrelevantquestionstoaskShapiroin
crossexaminationundereachoftheseheadingsinordertoestablishtheseaspectsofthecase
forthedefence.
1.THOMASSHAPIROHASHARBOUREDAGRUDGEAGAINSTKADIRSALLEHSINCE
HELEFTTRAVELGRAPHLTD.

2.THOMASSHAPIROPROVOKEDKADIRSALLEH

13

3.KADIRSALLEHACTEDINSELFDEFENCE.

EXERCISE10
Writeoutashortclosingspeechonbehalfoftheprosecution(innomorethan10sentences)
rememberingto:

highlighttheevidenceinfavouroftheprosecutionandstrengthsintheprosecutions
evidence
highlighttheevidenceunfavourabletotheaccusedandweaknessesinhisevidence

EXERCISE11
Writeoutashortclosingspeechonbehalfofthedefence(innomorethan10sentences)
rememberingto:

highlighttheevidenceinfavourofthedefenceandstrengthsinthecaseforthedefence
highlighttheevidenceunfavourabletotheprosecutionandweaknessesintheprosecution
evidence.

EXERCISE12CLASSWORK
Ifyouareworkingwithothersallocatetherolesof:

KadirSalleh(theaccused)
ThomasShapiro
Counsel(i.e.barrister)fortheprosecution
Counsel(i.e.barrister)forthedefence

Thenroleplaythetrial!(SetoutbelowisatypicallayoutforaCrownCourtintheUK).

JUDGE
JURYWITNESSBOX
PROSECUTIONLEGALTEAM

DEFENCELEGALTEAM

ACCUSED

14

PUBLICBENCHES

15