Chapter 7 Form 5 Probability Tanpa Jawapan Try This

CHAPTER 7 Probability ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 5 MODUL SKOR A
CHAPTER
Probability
ANALYSIS OF THE SPM PAPERS 2004 - 2011

Additional Mathematics Paper 1 & 2
TOPIC
NUMBER OF QUESTIONS
2006 2007 2008 2009
2004
2005
FORM 5 (Paper 1)
07 Probability
FORM 5 (Paper 2)
06 Probability
2010
2011
ADDITONAL MATHEMATICS NOTE

1
Probability of an Event
Sample space, S is a set of all possible outcomes of an experiment.
Example :
(a) When a dice is rolled, all possible outcomes are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
n(S) = 6
(b) When a coin is tossed, all possible outcomes are Head H and
Tail T
S = {H, T}
n(S) = 2
Event is the set of outcomes which satisfy certain conditions.
Example :
(a) A is the event that an odd number is obtained when a dice is
rolled.
A = {1, 3, 5}
n(A) = 3
(b) B is the event that an even number is obtained when a dice is
rolled.
B = {2, 4, 6}
n(B) = 3
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The probability of an event A happens, P(A) is given by

P(A) =
n(A)
n(S)
where n(A) = number of outcomes of event A,

n(S) = number of possible outcomes of sample space and
0 P(A) 1
If P(A) = 1, then event A is sure to happen.
If P(A) = 0, then event A will never happen.
If A is the complement of event A, then
n(A) = n(S) n(A)
Dividing by n(S), gives
n(A') n(S) n(A)
n(S) n(S) n(S)

P(A) = 1 P(A)
Therefore, the probability of the complement of event A is

P(A) = 1 P(A)
Example :
A fair dice is rolled. Calculate the probability of obtaining an odd
number.
Solution
When a dice is rolled, all possible outcomes are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
Sample space, S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
n(S) = 6
If A is the event of obtaining odd number
A = {1, 3, 5}
n(A) = 3
Therefore, the probability of obtaining an odd number, P(A) =
n(A)
n(S)
3
6
1
=
2
=
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TRY THIS
A box contains 6 blue pens, 2 red pens and 7 black pens. A pen is drawn
at random from the box. Calculate the probability of getting a red pen.
Strategy
Determine the number of possible outcomes of sample space, n(S) and
number of outcomes of getting a red pen.
n(A)
Use formulae P(A) =
to calculate the probability of getting a red pen.
n(S)
Solution :
Number of possible outcomes of sample space, n(S)
= Total number of pens
=
Let R = event of getting a red pen
R = {all red pens}
n(R) =
Therefore, the probability of getting a red pen, P(R) =
n(R)
n(S)
=
TRYTry
THIS
This 3
A box contains 5 red marbles and k green marbles. If a marble is picked at

random from the box, the probability of obtaining a red marble is
the value of k.
1
. Find
4
Strategy
Determine the number of possible outcomes of sample space, n(S) and
number of outcomes of getting a red marble.
n(A)
Use formulae P(A) =
to find the value of k.
n(S)
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Solution :
Number of possible outcomes of sample space, n(S)
= Total number of marbles
=
Let R = event of getting a red marble
R = {all red marbles}
n(R) =
Given, the probability of obtaining a red marble is
1
4
Therefore, the probability of getting a red marble,

n(R)
P(R) =
n(S)
1
5
=
4 5k
1
(5 + k) = 5
4
5 1
+ k=5
4 4
1
5
k=5
4
4
1
15
k=
4
4
15 1
k=
4
4
k = 15
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Probability of Two Events

For two events A and B which are not mutually exclusive (tidak saling
eksklusif),
(a) the union of two events, A and B (the event of A or B happens)
are written as A B.
(b) the intersection of two events, A and B (the event of A and B
happens) are written as A B.
S
A
A B means A or B or both
S
A
A B means A and B occur together

For two events A and B which are not mutually exclusive,
P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A B)
Example :
1
An experiment is carried out by randomly choosing a card from a set

of card numbered 1 to 8, as shown in the diagram. Calculate the
probability that the card chosen has a number less than 5 or an even
number.
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Solution
Sample space, S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
n(S) = 8
Let A = event of card chosen has a number less than 5
A = {1, 2, 3, 4}
n(A) = 4
Let B = event of card chosen has an even number
B = {2, 4, 6, 8}
n(B) = 4
A B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8}
n(A B) = 6
A B = {2, 4}
n(A B) = 2
The probability that the card chosen has a number less than 5 or an
even number is given by P(A B)
Method 1 (Set)
n(A B)
n(S)
6
=
8
3
=
4
P(A B) =
Method 2 (Formula)
P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A B)
n(A) n(B) n(A B)
=
+
n(S) n(S)
n(S)
4 4 2
= +
8 8 8
=
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TRY THIS
A sample space of an experiment is given by S = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, I, j}.

Events A and B are defined as follows :
A = { a, b, c, d}
B = {c, d, e, f, g, h}
Find (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
P(A)
P(B)
P(A or B)
P(A and B)
Solution
(a) S = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, I, j}
n(S) =
A = {a, b, c, d}
n(A) =
n(A)
P(A) =
n(S)
4
=
10
2
=
5
(b)
S = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, I, j}
n(S) =
B = {c, d, e, f, g, h}
n(B) =
n(B)
P(B) =
n(S)
6
=
10
3
=
5
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(c)
P(A or B) = P(A B)
A = { a, b, c, d}
B = {c, d, e, f, g, h}
AB=
n(A B) =
AB=
n(A B) =
P(A B) =
(d)
n(A B)
n(S)
8
10
4
5
or
P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A B)
n(A) n(B) n(A B)

+
n(S) n(S)
n(S)
2
2 3
= +
5 5 10
4
=
5
=
P(A and B) = P(A B)

A = { a, b, c, d}
B = {c, d, e, f, g, h}
AB=
n(A B) =
P(A B) =
n(A B)
n(S)
2
10
1
=
5
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Probability of Mutually Exclusive Events

Two events, A and B are said to be mutually exclusive (saling
eksklusif) if they cannot happen at the same time.
S
A
In general,
Two events A and B are mutually exclusive if and only if A B = or
AB={ }
P(A B) = 0
Therefore, for two events A and B which are mutually exclusive,
P(A B) = P(A) + P(B)
Example :
A number is chosen at random from a set S = {x : 1 x 20, x is an
integer }. What is the probability of getting an odd number or
multiples of 4?
Strategy
Determine the number of possible outcomes of sample space, n(S),
number of outcomes of getting an odd number [ Let n(A) ], number
of outcomes of getting multiples of 4 [ Let n(B) ], number of outcomes
of getting odd number and multiples of 4 [ Let n(A B) ].
If n(A B) = 0 (mutually exclusive event) then use
P(A B) = P(A) + P(B)
Solution
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20}
n(S) = 20
Let A = event of getting an odd number
A = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19}
n(A) = 10
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Let B = event of getting multiples of 4

B = {4, 8, 12, 16, 20}
n(B) = 5
AB={ }
n(A B) = 0
Since A B = { }, therefore A and B are mutually exclusive events.
The probability of getting an odd number or multiples of 4 is given
by
P(A B) = P(A) + P(B)
n(A) n(B)
=
+
n(S) n(S)
10
5
=
+
20 20
=
TRY THIS
3
4
Given that A and B are two mutually exclusive events where P(A) =
P(B) =
2
. Find
5
(a)
P(A)
(b)
(c)
(d)
P(B)
P(A B)
P(A B)
1
and
3
Solution
(a) P(A) = 1 P(A)
1
=1
3
2
=
3
(b)
Date
P(B) = 1 P(B)
2
=1
5
3
=
5
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(c)
P(A B) =
(d)
Since A and B are mutually exclusive events

P(A B) = P(A) + P(B)
1 2
= +
3 5
11
=
15
TRY THIS
A and B are two events in which P(A B) = 0.8 and P(A) = 0.55. Find P(B) if
A and B are mutually exclusive.
Solution
Since A and B are mutually exclusive events
P(A B) = P(A) + P(B)
0.8 = 0.55 + P(B)
P(B) = 0.25
TRY THIS
A bag contains 6 blue chips, 5 green chips and 4 yellow chips. A chip is
selected at random from the bag. Find the probability of selecting
(a) a blue chip
(b) a green chip
(c) either a blue chip or a green chip
Solution
(a) Number of possible outcomes of sample space, n(S) =
Let B = event of selecting a blue chip
B = {all blue chips}
n(B) =
n(B)
n(S)
6
=
15
2
=
5
The probability of selecting a blue chip, P(B) =
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(b)
Number of possible outcomes of sample space, n(S) =

Let G = event of selecting a green chip
G = {all green chips}
n(G) =
The probability of selecting a green chip, P(G) =
n(G)
n(S)
5
15
1
=
3
=
(c)
The probability of selecting either a blue chip or a green chip is given

by P(B G)
Since we cannot get a blue chip and a green chip at the same time
when a chip is selected at random from the bag, therefore the event
B and G are mutually exclusive events.
P(B G) = P(B) + P(G)
2 1
= +
5 3
11
=
15
TRY THIS
The probability that Zhao Ming will win the 100m butterfly swimming
1
2
competition is while the probability that Muthu will win is
. Find the
10
5
probability that
(a) either Zhao Ming or Muthu wins
(b) someone else wins
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Solution
(a)
Let Z = event that Zhao Ming will win the 100m butterfly swimming
competition
P(Z) =
Let M = event that Muthu will win the 100m butterfly swimming
competition
P(M) =
The probability that either Zhao Ming or Muthu wins is given by
P(Z M)
Since Zhao Ming and Muthu cannot win at the same time in the 100m
butterfly swimming competition, therefore the event Z and M are
mutually exclusive events.
P(Z M) = P(Z) + P(M)
1
2
= +
5 10
=
(b)
1
2
Someone else wins means there is another person who win in the
competition (beside Zhao Ming and Muthu)
OR
Someone else wins means either Zhao Ming or Muthu do not win
(Z U M)
The probability that someone else wins is given by :
1 Probability of either Zhao Ming or Muthu wins
1 P(Z M) = 1
1
=
2
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Z
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TRY THIS
The probabilities of three teams P, Q and R winning a basketball

1 1
1
championship are , and
. Calculate the probability that
12
4 6
(a) either P or Q wins
(b) neither Q nor R wins
Solution
(a) Let P = event that team P winning a basketball championship
P(P) =
Let Q = event that team Q winning a basketball championship
P(Q) =
Let R = event that team R winning a basketball championship
P(R) =
The probability that either P or Q wins is given by P(P Q)
Since P and Q cannot win at the same time in the basketball
championship, therefore the event P and Q are mutually exclusive
events.
P(P Q) = P(P) + P(Q)
1 1
= +
4 6
=
(b)
5
12
neither Q nor R wins means either Q or R do not win (Q R)

Let Q = event that team Q winning a basketball championship
P(Q) =
Let R = event that team R winning a basketball championship
P(R) =
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Probability that either Q or R win = P(Q R)

= P(Q) + P(R)
1
1
= +
6 12
=
1
4
Probability that neither Q nor R wins (Probability either Q or R do not

win) is given by :
1 Probability either Q or R wins
S
= 1 P(Q R)
=1
=
3
4
TRY THIS
1
4
A bag contains 3 whites balls, 4 blacks balls and 5 red balls. A ball is drawn
from the bag. Find the probability that the ball is
(a) either black or red
(b) neither white nor black
Solution
(a) Number of possible outcomes of sample space, n(S) =
Let W = event that the ball drawn is white
n(W) =
Let B = event that the ball drawn is black
n(B) =
Let R = event that the ball drawn is red
n(R) =
The probability that the ball is either black or red is given by P(B R)
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Since we cannot get a black ball and a red ball at the same time
when a ball is drawn from the bag, therefore the event B and R are
mutually exclusive events.
P(B R) = P(B) + P(R)
n(B) n(R)
=
+
n(S) n(S)
4
5
+
12 12
3
=
4
(b)
neither white nor black ball is drawn means either white or black is not
drawn (W B)
Number of possible outcomes of sample space, n(S) =
Let W = event that the ball drawn is white
n(W) =
Let B = event that the ball drawn is black
n(B) =
The probability that the ball is either white or black is given by
P(W B) = P(W) + P(B)
n(W) n(B)
=
+
n(S)
n(S)
3
4
+
12 12
7
=
12
=
The probability that the ball is neither white nor black (The probability that
the ball either white or black is not drawn) is given by :
1 Probability that the ball is white or black
= 1 P(A B)
=1
=
5
12
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12
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Probability of Independent Events

Two events A and B are said to be independent events (peristiwa tak
bersandar) if the outcomes of event A are not influenced (tidak
dipengaruhi) by the outcomes of event B and vice versa (sebaliknya).
In general,
If A and B are independent, then
P(A B) = P(A) x P(B)
Given A, B and C are three independent events, the probability of
event A, B and C occurring (berlaku) is
P(A B C) = P(A) x P(B) x P(C)
Problems involving two or three independent events can also be
solved by using a tree diagram
Example 1 :
Box
A
B
Red Balls
4
7
Yellow Balls
5
3
The table shows two boxes A and B which contained red and yellow
balls. A ball is drawn at random from each box, find the probability
that
(a) a red ball is drawn from box A and a yellow ball is drawn from
box B.
(b) both balls drawn are yellow.
(c) both balls drawn are of different colour.
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Solution
(a)
Number of possible outcomes of sample space for box A,

n(S) = 4 + 5
=9
Let R = event of a red ball is drawn from box A
n(R) = 4
Number of possible outcomes of sample space for box B,
n(S) = 7 + 3
= 10
Let Y = event of a yellow ball is drawn from box B
n(Y) = 3
Probability that a red ball is drawn from box A,
n(R)
P(R) =
n(S)
4
=
9
Probability that a yellow ball is drawn from box B,
n(Y)
P(Y) =
n(S)
3
=
10
The outcomes of event A is not influenced by the outcomes of
event B, therefore A and B are independent events.
The probability that a red ball is drawn from box A and a yellow
ball is drawn from box B,
P(R Y) = P(R) x P(Y)
3
4
= x
9 10
2
=
15
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Tree Diagram
Box A
4
9
5
9
Box B
Outcomes
Probability
7
10
RR
4
7
14
x
=
45
9 10
3
10
RY
4
3
2
x
=
9 10 15
7
10
YR
5
7
7
x
=
9 10 18
3
10
YY
5
3
1
x
=
9 10
6
(b)
The probability that both balls drawn are yellow,

3
5
1
P(Y Y) = x
=
9 10 6
(c)
The probability that both balls drawn are of different colour,

3
7
4
5
P[ (R Y) P(Y R) ] = x
+ x
9 10 9 10
2
7
=
+
15 18
47
=
90
Example 2 :
The probability that Amin and Zaki win in a table tennis match are
and
3
respectively. Find the probability that
4
(a)
both of them win

(kedua-duanya menang)
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(b)
1
3
either one of them win

(salah seorang antara mereka
menang)
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Solution
Let A = event that Amin win in a table tennis match
1
P(A) =
3
Let Z = event that Zaki win in a table tennis match
P(Z) =
(a)
3
4
The probability that both of them win = P(Amin and Zaki win)
P(A Z) = P(A) x P(Z)
1 3
= x
3 4
=
(b)
1
4
The probability that either one of them win

= P(Amin win and Zaki does not win) +
P(Amin does not win and Zaki win)
Let A = event that Amin win in a table tennis match
1
P(A) =
3
A = event that Amin does not win in a table tennis match
1 2
P(A) = 1 =
3 3
Let Z = event that Zaki win in a table tennis match
P(Z) =
3
4
Z = event that Zaki does not win in a table tennis match

P(Z) = 1
3 1
=
4 4
The probability that either one of them win

= P(Amin win and Zaki does not win) +
P(Amin does not win and Zaki win)
= P(A Z) + P(A Z)
= P(A) x (P(Z) + P(A) x P(Z)
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1 1 2 3
x + x
3 4 3 4
1
1
=
+
12 2
7
=
12
=
Example 3 :
The probability that Selina is chosen as a school traffic warden is
while the probability that Anne is chosen is
1
3
7
. Find the probability
12
that
(a) neither of them is chosen as a school traffic warden
(kedua-dua mereka tidak dipilih sebagai warden trafik sekolah)
(b) only one of them is chosen as a school traffic warden
(hanya seorang daripada mereka dipilih sebagai warden trafik
sekolah)
Solution
(a) The probability that neither of them is chosen as a school traffic
warden
= P(Selina is not chosen and Anne is not chosen)
Let S = event that Selina is chosen as a school traffic warden
1
P(S) =
3
S = event that Selina is not chosen as a school traffic
warden
1 2
P(S) = 1 =
3 3
Let A = event that Anne is chosen as a school traffic warden
P(A) =
7
12
A = event that Anne is not chosen as a school traffic warden

P(A) = 1
Date
7
5
=
12 12
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The probability that neither of them is chosen as a school traffic

warden
= P(Selina is not chosen and Anne is not chosen)
= P(S A)
= P(S) x P(A)
5
2
= x
3 12
5
=
18
(b)
The probability that only one of them is chosen as a school

traffic warden
= P(Selina is chosen and Anne is not chosen) +
P(Selina is not chosen and Anne is chosen)
Let S = event that Selina is chosen as a school traffic warden
1
P(S) =
3
S = event that Selina is not chosen as a school traffic
warden
1 2
P(S) = 1 =
3 3
Let A = event that Anne is chosen as a school traffic warden
P(A) =
7
12
A = event that Anne is not chosen as a school traffic warden

P(A) = 1
7
5
=
12 12
The probability that only one of them is chosen as a school

traffic warden
= P(Selina is chosen and Anne is not chosen) +
P(Selina is not chosen and Anne is chosen)
= P(S A) + P(S A)
= P(S) x (P(A) + P(S) x P(A)
7
1 5
2
= x
+ x
3 12 3 12
7
5
=
+
36 18
19
=
36
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SPM
2015
SPM PRACTICE (PAPER 1)
SPM 2004 | Soalan 1 Probability of an event
Ans : k = 9
SPM 2005 | Soalan 2 Probability of Independent Events
Ans : k = 19/66
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Ans : (a) 2/15 (b) 7/15
Ans : (a) 1/6 (b) 29/60

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SPM 2010 | Soalan 5 Probability of Mutually Exclusive Events
Ans : (a) 1/15 (b) 3/5
(a)
(b)
SPM 2011 | Soalan 6 Probability of Two Events
Ans : (a) 3/10 (b) 1/10
(a)
Date
(b)
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SPM
2015
SPM CLONE (PAPER 1)
SPM CLONE 2004 | Soalan 1

A box contains 8 red marbles and k blue marbles. If a marbles is picked
5
randomly from the box , the probability of getting a blue marble is . Find
9
the value of k.
Ans : k = 10

There are 6 red chips, 5 green chips and 4 blue chips in a bag. Two chips
are drawn at random from the bag, one after the other without
replacement. Calculate the probability that both chips are of the same
colour.
Ans : 31/105
SPM CLONE 2006/ 2008 | Soalan 3

The probability for Azean , Dalilah and Nurul to qualify for the final of a
1 3
3
singing contest are , and respectively. Calculate the probability that
3 5
7
only one of them will qualify.
Ans : 44/105
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Sebuah kotak mengandungi 5 biji bola kuning dan n biji bola merah. Jika
sebiji bola dipilih secara rawak daripada kotak, kebarangkalian mendapat
n
bola merah ialah . Cari nilai n.
8
Ans : n = 3

Sebuah kotak mengandungi 4 keping kad. Kad itu tercatat dengan
nombor 1, 2, 3 dan 4 masing-masing. 2 keping kad dipilih secara rawak
daripada kotak. Cari kebarangkalian bahawa kedua-dua nombor itu ialah
nombor perdana.
Ans : 1/6
Kebarangkalian Siti akan menang kedudukan pertama dalam larian 100m

2
ialah manakala kebarangkalian Fatimah akan menang kedudukan
5
pertama ialah
(a)
(b)
1
. Cari kebarangkalian bahawa
4
kedua-dua orang gagal memenangi tempat pertama.

hanya salah seorang menang tempat pertama.
Ans : (a) 9/20 (b) 9/20

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Dalam sebuah beg terdapat beberapa biji bola pingpong yang berlainan
warna. Sebiji bola pingpong dipilih secara rawak daripada beg,
kebarangkalian mendapat bola pingpong hijau ialah
1
dan
4
kebarangkalian mendapat bola pingpong hijau atau kuning ialah

kebarangkalian bahawa
(a) bola pingpong kuning dipilih.
(b) bola pingpong hijau atau kuning tidak terpilih.
2
. Cari
3
Ans : (a) 5/12 (b) 1/3
Ans : (a) 3/14 (b) 17/28

Date
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| 28
Ans : 83/253
Ans : (a) 1/15 (b) 2/5

Date
Checked by
| 29
Ans : (a) 11/20 (b) 1/4
SPM 2012 | Soalan 12
Ans : (a) 1/19 (b) 15/38

Date
Checked by
| 30
SPM 2013 | Soalan 13
Ans : (a) 5/8 (b) 1/3
Date
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| 31
Date
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CHAPTER 7 Probability ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 5 MODUL SKOR A

ANALYSIS OF THE SPM PAPERS 2004 - 2011

ADDITONAL MATHEMATICS NOTE

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CHAPTER 7 Probability ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 5 MODUL SKOR A

The probability of an event A happens, P(A) is given by

where n(A) = number of outcomes of event A,

n(A') n(S) n(A)

n(S) n(S) n(S)

Therefore, the probability of the complement of event A is

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CHAPTER 7 Probability ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 5 MODUL SKOR A

A box contains 5 red marbles and k green marbles. If a marble is picked at

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CHAPTER 7 Probability ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 5 MODUL SKOR A

Therefore, the probability of getting a red marble,

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CHAPTER 7 Probability ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 5 MODUL SKOR A

Probability of Two Events

A B means A and B occur together

An experiment is carried out by randomly choosing a card from a set

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CHAPTER 7 Probability ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 5 MODUL SKOR A

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CHAPTER 7 Probability ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 5 MODUL SKOR A

A sample space of an experiment is given by S = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, I, j}.

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CHAPTER 7 Probability ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 5 MODUL SKOR A

P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A B)

n(A) n(B) n(A B)

P(A and B) = P(A B)

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CHAPTER 7 Probability ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 5 MODUL SKOR A

Probability of Mutually Exclusive Events

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CHAPTER 7 Probability ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 5 MODUL SKOR A

Let B = event of getting multiples of 4

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CHAPTER 7 Probability ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 5 MODUL SKOR A

Since A and B are mutually exclusive events

The probability of selecting a blue chip, P(B) =

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CHAPTER 7 Probability ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 5 MODUL SKOR A

Number of possible outcomes of sample space, n(S) =

The probability of selecting either a blue chip or a green chip is given

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CHAPTER 7 Probability ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 5 MODUL SKOR A

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CHAPTER 7 Probability ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 5 MODUL SKOR A

The probabilities of three teams P, Q and R winning a basketball

neither Q nor R wins means either Q or R do not win (Q R)

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CHAPTER 7 Probability ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 5 MODUL SKOR A

Probability that either Q or R win = P(Q R)

Probability that neither Q nor R wins (Probability either Q or R do not

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CHAPTER 7 Probability ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 5 MODUL SKOR A

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CHAPTER 7 Probability ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 5 MODUL SKOR A

Probability of Independent Events

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CHAPTER 7 Probability ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS FORM 5 MODUL SKOR A

Number of possible outcomes of sample space for box A,

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