maia miqautaZe

xanmetobis kvali qarTvelur kiloebSi

Tanamedrove qarTul samwignobro enaSi, rogorc cnobilia,

xanmetobis periodis kvali Cans xar da moxval formebSi.
sxva SemTxvevebSi II subieqturi da III obieqturi piris niSnis
ZiriTadi variantebi, rogorc wesi, aris:
0- _ xmovnebis win;
h- _ bagismieri (b, f, p) da rbilsasismieri (g, q, k) xSulebis,
agreTve spirantebis (z,s; J,S; R,x; y), sonantisa (v) da sonorebis (l, m,
n, r) win;
s- _ kbilismieri (d, T, t), winanunismieri (Z, c, w) da
ukananunismieri (j, C, W) xSulebis win.
SeiniSneba meryeobac: ga-h-JuJvia | ga-s-JuJvia, da-h-rCenia | da-s-
rCenia.…
dialeqtebis umetes nawilSi (maT Soris megrul-lazurSic)
Tvisobrivad msgavsi suraTia.
ak. SaniZe Tvlida, rom meore subieqturi prefiqsi bevr kiloSi,
metadre aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, axlac Semonaxulia; am mxriv
gansakuTrebiT sayuradRebod miaCnda TuSuri, moxeuri da xevsuruli
kiloebi, romelTac amgvar prefiqsad x da R aqvT. mag., movqsove _
moxqsove; davfare _ daxfare; davbare _ daRbare; vnaxe _ Rnaxe; vavadob
_ Ravadob da sxv. mecnieris azriT, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTis
dialeqtebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia S2 da O3 piris niSani h-, romlis
fonetikuri nairsaxeobania: h- > s- > S-; h > s- > S- > J-; h > x-
> R-; h- > 0- (ak. SaniZe, 1920, gv. 158-171).
aRniSnul mosazrebas tradiciulad iziareben a. WinWarauli (a.
WinWarauli, 1956, gv. 96-99); b. jorbenaZe (b. jorbenaZe, 1998, gv. 356-361), g.
gogolaSvili (g. gogolaSvili, 2007, gv.98-102) da sxvebi.
samecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmulia Tvalsazrisi, rom V-VII
saukuneebis qarTuli xanmeti teqstebis normis analogiurad, svanurSi x-
prefiqsi daculia xmovniT dawyebul zmnebTan subieqtur meore da
obieqtur mesame pirSi (x-iSxi "iwvi", x-asyi "akeTeb", x-atbide "aTbob"... x-
alat "uyvars", x-ahudi "aZlevs", x-agdi "sZinavs"...). igive x- prefiqsi unda
gamoiyos pirveli piris x+E segmentSi (sakiTxis istoriisa da
msjelobisaTvis ix.: g.rogava, 1952; m.suxiSvili, 1986; n. maWavariani, 1986).
iv. javaxiSvils jer kidev xanmeti teqstebis aRmoCenamde daebada
mosazreba, rom "Tavdapirvelad qarTul samwerlobo enaSic svanuris
msgavsad meore piris subieqtur TavsarTad xani unda yofiliyo" (iv.
javaxiSvili, 1949, gv. 363); "es iyo svanuris agebulobis zegavleniT
warmoSobili ubralo mosazreba", romlis damtkiceba mecniers ar SeeZlo;
mas Semdeg ki, rac ak. SaniZem gamoarkvia, rom "aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
zogierT Tanamedrove kiloebsac meore piris subieqtur TavsarTad x da R
aqvT Senaxuli", iv. javaxiSvilma SesaZleblad miiCnia, "x qarTuli enis
saerTo movlenad CaeTvala"; xanmeti teqstebis aRmoCenis Sedegad,
mecnierisaTvis ukve cxadi gaxda, rom "xani marTlac qarTuli sazogado
samwerlobo enis kuTvnileba yofila" (iv. javaxiSvili, 1949, gv. 363-364).
t. futkaraZem igive x- prefiqsi amosavlad miiCnia TuSuri da
xevsuruli R/x alomorfebisaTvisac da meore subieqturi pirisa da mesame
obieqturi piris niSnad x-, anu e.w. xanmetoba saerToqarTvelur
movlenad CaTvala (t. futkaraZe, 2006, gv. 23-25).
kvlevis am etapze, ramdenadac CvenTvis sainteresoa x- alofonis
warmomavloba, saanalizod warmovadgenT saTanado xevsurul masalas:
Cven procentulad gamovTvaleT mesame obieqtur da meore subieqtur
piris niSanTa ganawileba poziciebisda mixedviT yru da mJReri bgerebis
win.

mesame obieqturi piris niSani:

xb|Rb:
b-s win gamovlenili O3 piris niSnebidan: ir. O3-is piris niSnad: x-
6,7% dasturdeba, R- _ 66, 7%; pird. O3 piris niSnad: R- _ 26,7%.
magaliTebi: sikvdil simTvrales daRbarda (WinW. 411); suli dgas
tyvia-wamlisa, Tofs cecxlisi Rbav alio (x/l 31); daRbriyvebian wyemsebi,
jamrul maasxams Wkvasao (WinW. 416); imTven Soltad daRbRleben tyavs (q/d
6); [daWrilma] Ãels aswivao-d iRliis ZirSiiTav firtvT amaRbernesav
(x/l 32); gaxbWoben salaSqro saqmes (gab. 164,26; WinW. 6)…
xf|Rf:
f-s win gamovlenili O3 piris niSnebidan: ir. O3-is piris niSnad: x
60% dasturdeba, pird. O3 piris niSnad: x _ 20%, 0 _ 20%. R _ ar
gvxvdeba.
magaliTebi: xaliCas daxfeneno (San. 56); imiT xfxeken (q/d 6); rac
cas xferavdav, dedamiwam Sauqciav (WinW. 438); qal-vaJi amandauri mzes
ficven erTucisasa (x/l 36); biZa ras xfiqrobs beberi (WinW. 411)…
xp:
p-s win ir. O3-is piris niSnad dasturdeba mxolod x-:
maxpara zevdavlem i salebi (San. 56); uansagis diacsav erT
safarTxela mavxparev (WinW. 359); aisi-v yiJilai-or, berZnebs ro cxeneb
Cavxpare (x/l 24); mixparebiyves nadirT (q/d 19); is cxvars swoliv qavCia’
mixparebiana’ mauWrav yeli (WinW. 381)…
mesame pirdapiri obieqturi piris niSnis mqone forma p-s win ar
dadasturebula.
xg|Rg:
g-s win: ir. O3-is piris niSnad: x- 14,6% dasturdeba, R- _ 75,6%;
pird. O3 piris niSnad: R- _ 10,8%.
magaliTebi: gigam RilRvels axglija xanjari, imasav dasca gulzeda
(x/p 80, 8); meores dReze moxpares, ilos mixgvarian Sina (x/p 401,23); memr
Sauardi-d avRglij erTs joxi (x/l 13); mavRgvridi mtris gulisasa (WinW.
379)... iel-naWamsa vRgvivarT Txasao (WinW. 429); maRgondas Tavis amqari
(WinW. 410); miRgebebian Satilionni (WinW. 362); imedas memrac ar
Rgulebiv ZmobiliSvilis mauklavad gaSoba (WinW. 355)...
kuTxzeiT qvani daRglijna, dResac simurCi xyriana (q/d 13); sxvebs
gaRgzavnis, sxvebs aduRebiebs (q/d 12)...
xq:
q-s win: ir. O3-is piris niSnad: x- 87,4% dasturdeba, h- _ 2,36%,
0- _ 3,15%; R- ar gvxvdeba; pird. O3 piris niSnad: x- _ 6,3%, 0- _
0,78%.
magaliTebi: gulCi ar hqonda mwkaria (WinW. 406); memr qabilaebs
ercxvas gaaRoleben, amas akecila [hqvian] (x/l 26); saTibebic mamebad
hqonda dayofilebi alRumebad (x/l 31)…
daqorwildes, qorwil qnes (San. 60); imis ukan ra qnes, aRar
maÃsonsa-R; rogor mokvdebis bolosa, imisaimc qna gageba (WinW. 407);
monadiren maSin xalxis mÃocelT qvivnebulas (San. 52)
Zalianac mixqadian arxotivneb am asmaTs (q/d 19); javaxa xqvivnebiv
(WinW. 429); erT warb TeTr xqonebia (San. 52); magram isev cocxal
gaxqceviyv (q/d 19); SeSa maxqonda joriTa (x/l 33)…
xuTis CxiriT maxqsoven (x/l 38); daxqsoven tolebs (q/d 7);
Ãorwilic maSi xqnidiTav (q/d 10); ai diaciv qsels qsovdao (q/d 16)…
xk:
k-s win: ir. O3-is piris niSnad: x- 53,7% dasturdeba, h- _ 1,5%; 0-
_ 1,5%; pird. O3 piris niSnad: x- _ 26,8%, 0- _ 15%.
magaliTebi: erT damakvriev, rom miac sircxvil mamxdasav, davxkrav
(WinW. 339); kravlian gvel deekla-d’ sisxlis wveTeb (q/d 17)...
SurTxs dahkra (WinW. 350); zogeb Cayares wyalSia, zogeb ahkmakebs
Cdilsao (x/l 27)...
Ãeli Camovxkar larebsa (q/l 17); Ãevsuri Tu xkiTxavs Ãevsurs (San.
60); babuam maxkr mzeqals Ãeli (WinW. 338); ambav-mSvidoba vxkiTxeT (WinW.
338); meTormete colis da Samaxkvdomiv (WinW. 392); zed ro xkidian
Rviani (WinW. 409); erT kac daxklebi (WinW. 351)... omsac gaxkviran magarsa
mag niaT niaisao (WinW. 378); gaxkviran Tofis srevasa anator pirsa
wylisasa (WinW. 398)…
gind daTvi iyos, rogor ver movxklavo (q/d 23); qarm yaraboRli
kinaR daxkarga (San. 59); Cafarm ro cxeni Saxkazma, avJanta misca gZelia
(x/l 19); muÃlebamde miwaCi daxkarg (San. 57); dila daxkazmes cxenebi
(WinW. 404)...
mokla iman erTi jiÃvi (q/d 22); sami jiÃvi movkal(q/d 23); e cxran
Zmaniv amoyareniv mucelSiiTa, Tore moklavavo! (q/d 24); an unda kac
mavklaTav, an saqon wamavasxaTav (WinW. 399); kiTxulobs TuSurs ambavsa
(WinW. 416); mokled Cakeces gzebia (WinW. 406); sams wels Tu ver makles,
samis wliTge Saurigdebian (q/d 12)...
xy:
 y-s win: ir. O3-is piris niSnad: x- 82,9% dasturdeba, h- _ 0,6%; 0-
_ 1,22%; pird. O3 piris niSnad: h- _ 1,22%, x- _ 9,75%, 0- _ 1,22%.
magaliTebi: celebs daxyares taria (WinW. 394); amandiT amabrunvilma
samann Caxyudna qvisani (x/l 36)... Sen colsav somex xyvarobsav; is lekis
mzavrs Saxyri (WinW. 432); TeTri jor xyav Tangulasao (x/l 11); alazani
didia Sig beberi xyudia (WinW. 417)...
Sayares uÃorcod daxizulebi Zvalebi (q/d 24) da Cayar Ãmlis
qarqaSCi (q/d 21)... ais dros gadauCinda, [bewinas] hyrian iaraRs tanzeda
(x/l 24); adeSad fercxals ayrian samocis fxaWexlisasa (x/l 15)...
aexlad modis zafxuli, balaxi dahyris TrTvilsao (x/l 17); kenWs
hyrian, romlebs xvdeba wiliT (San. 47)...
isini yrian udumlad laSqarsa, Ãmas daigdeben sxvazeda (391);
marcvalaebs vkrefo, kuWmeWCi vyrio (418)...
imaSi Caxyv Zvali, Samoxkra kidobani gverds (S/55); mÃedar gaxyuda
Tavzeda (374)...
xÃ:
Ã-s win: ir. O3-is piris niSnad: x- 41,9% dasturdeba, 0 _ 2,3%;
pird. O3 piris niSnad: x- _ 27,9%, 0- _ 9,3%.
magaliTebi:
niais Tofsav erT nemss ar mavxÃsniv (WinW. 381); SiSi ar maxÃdis
werasa (WinW. 407)... maSin CavxÃdiv, ro kargad ar iyvav Cven saqmeio (q/d
15); erTbaSadav am kacsav fer axÃdav, nacr ro aisr gaxdav (x/l 25);
kinaRiT axÃda gonia (WinW. 395); aim cixesa gaxene, uwin rom xalxi xÃocia
(San. 46)... ai mamasa! samni-v daxÃocian (WinW. 432); ramwam kacs sul
amaxÃdebis, maSin (q/d 12)…
Tuav erTxan ki ar davxÃalnav Cemis xirimis Ãmaniv bosoxis cixesav
(WinW. 434); erTucs daxÃocenav (q/d 10); aiq davxÃelav safarcxvelTao
(WinW. 434); am batebs daxÃocs da Tav-fexi me damrCebao (San. 55); jvaris
yanas maxÃvnen (q/d 7); gamaxÃdian arays (q/d 8)...
cxeneb sru daÃoca (San. 60); wavida neziri da mkiTxavi imaCiav
moÃela (San. 55); mahmadis laSqars vin CaxÃocs? qistebs cxvrebulas vina
Ãocs (WinW. 397); Sin ver maÃela xonTqari, daxvda vazireb karzeda (WinW.
403)...
xx:
x-s win: O3 da S2 piris niSnad uiSviaTesad (erTaderTxel)
dadasturda h-, danarCen SemTxvevaSi piris niSani, rogorc mosalodneli
iyo, dakargulia:
daxurven balaxis Tavs (x/l 30); maxvda vitonkis tyviai (WinW. 410);
gaTenda, gaCnda sofeli, Caxedven durbiniTao (WinW. 402)... daxar am
ymawvilm (d/22); saqons ro davxravTao-d’ daizmuvlebsav (q/d 18); xvadi
ro hxravdes lagamsa, waRma-ukuRma dgebodes, aToTqrovebdes mÃedari,
tyvia tanzeda xvdebodes (x/l 22)...
Rv:
 v-s win gamovlenili O3 piris niSnebidan: ir. O3-is piris niSnad
dasturdeba mxolod R-:
maRvedavs cxenis patroni (WinW. 396); wyalCi CaRvardniva da
daxkargiv (WinW. 365); sanamdi jiÃvmazvers SaRvardebod (q/d 19)...
pird. O3 piris niSani v bgeris win ar Segvxvedria.
xm|Rm:
m-s win: ir. O3-is piris niSnad: x- 4,34% dasturdeba, R- _ 34,8%;
pird. O3 piris niSnad: R- _ 43,4%, x- _ 8,7%, 0- _ 8,7%.
magaliTebi: im saqnroaCi erT mSavelic Saxmwyvdeviv (WinW. 355), isen
Rmetebian sruyvelas (WinW. 391); dauwyo somexm siaruli, vaWarm,
daRmegobrd, Saxyvarda im cols imisas; erTurTs daRmuqrebian (WinW.
429), erT gZel, TeTrtara xanjar Rmbiyv, sisv aisi (x/l 24)…
yanasa Taod maxmkian, Znasa Taod Saxyrian (q/d 5), mkvdar unda
davRmarxaT (San. 48), toS-fanduras gaRmarTaven (q/d 9), Wala
daRmarxnes lamCia (WinW. 415), boloze anatorelTa jabir gaRmarTes
mkvdrisao (WinW. 377), menamgleeb qve mkian (q/d 7) arc mkidav, arc SiSas
SWridav, iyvav eegrav Raribadav (q/d 18)...
Rn:
n-s win: rogorc iribi, aseve pirdapiri O3-is piris niSnad mxolod
R- dadasturda; procentulad maT Soris Tanabari fardobaa.
magaliTebi: im ZmaT WuWa marTla Rnanebiv (WinW. 353); soflis axlos
ro misulan, SaRnanebiv i ZmaT (WinW. 353); me wamood, Ãelmwifes vRnaxavo
(San. 55)…
Rl:
l-s win: ir. O3-is piris niSani ar dagvidasturebia; pird. O3 piris
niSnad: R- gvaqvs 69,5%, 0- _ 30,5%.
magaliTebi: qalma daavliva oTaRebi (San. 56); sofelSi kaci
walales, rboliT dalaÃa gzebia (WinW. 406); cxeniT kalod galewven
[urjulos] mkvdarsao (San. 48); rad ar dalevs Seni stumario (q/d 23);
kidev vin miRlaladiTav (q/d 9); sam dRe alagzed davlieT, TvaliT ver
vnaxeT wyalio (x/l 28); pirvelad maspinZels daRlocven (San. 48); gul
ro gaxqondas tyviasa, suls Rlevda, amaSqunao (x/l 39); qvitkirT
davRlesav kiriTa (WinW. 366); mTaSi mTiblebSi wavRlalavao (WinW. 428);
arays im axlis sulisad daRlocvena’ smas daiwyeben (WinW. 336); alams
daRlales faravansao (WinW. 421)…
Rr:
r-s win: ir. O3-is piris niSnad: R- 76,9% dasturdeba, 0- _ 2,3%;
pird. O3 piris niSnad: R- _ 15,3%, 0- _ 7,7%.
magaliTebi: Tofi daRries erTucsa (WinW. 391); malulCi wasvla imaT
miRrgebi(v) orTava (WinW. 385); gudanelT mTiblebs gamaRrevi qeCani-d
(WinW. 392); zviad aRar Rrevavav dResav mTiblebCiav (WinW. 354); teRris
wveris sanadiro Rrgebiyv jRunas, gigols da wvrils (q/d 18); isi daTvi
sa wavida? _ tyesa gamaRreviao (WinW. 419); arc abedenebs (arCevs,
asxvavebs) qal-zalsa, arc Rridebs daberebulsa (x/l 10); me vityvi: egeT
vaJebsa kacm SoriT unda Rridasa (WinW. 411)... CoxelaT gudamayrelTa
RmerTi Rrisxevdas maRali (x/p 229, 12); diaceb gaRrecxen matyls mdinare
wyalCi (q/d 6)...
Zvel qarTulSi, "roca pirdapiri obieqti saxelobiTSia, mas mesame
obieqturi piris niSani ara aqvs. wesi mtkicea da gamonaklisi ar icis.
magram Tu orpirian gardamaval zmnasTan mainc aris warmodgenili
obieqtis niSani, Cans is araa orpiriani, masSi kidev igulisxmeba mesame,
iribi obieqturi, piri da piris niSanic mas ekuTvnis (iv.imnaiSvili, v.
imnaiSvili, 1996, gv. 41).
xevsurul dialeqtSic dadasturda saxelobiTSi mdgari pirdapiri
obieqtis formebi, romlebsac zmnebSi niSani moepovebaT: Wala daRmarxnes
lamCia (WinW. 415), boloze anatorelTa jabir gaRmarTes mkvdrisao (WinW.
377), kuTxzeiT qvani daRglijna, dResac simurCi xyriana (q/d 13)… qarm
yaraboRli kinaR daxkarga (San. 59); Cafarm ro cxeni Saxkazma, avJanta
misca gZelia (x/l 19); muÃlebamde miwaCi daxkarg (San. 57); dila
daxkazmes cxenebi (WinW. 404)...
Zvel qarTulSi, roca pirdapiri obieqti micemiTSia, Tu zmna
zmniswiniTaa mocemuli, mas piris niSanic aqvs, Tu uzmniswinodaa, mas ara
aqvs piris niSani. amitom Zveli qarTuli enis uryevi kanonia: Targmanebs,
magram: gamosTargmanebs; Tlis, magram: gamosTlis; Txzavs, magram: SesTxzavs;
keravs, magram: ganhkeravas; klavs, magram: mohklavs… rogorc irkveva,
mesame pirdapirobieqturi piris niSnis Setana (gaCena) zmnis formaSi
zmniswinis damatebasTanaa dakavSirebuli da zmniswinis zmnasTan
SexorcebasTan erTad moxda (iv.imnaiSvili, v. imnaiSvili, 1996, gv. 42).
iTvleba, rom zemoaRniSnuli wesi sufTa saxiT daculia dRevandel
xevsurulSi. "aq, rogorc Zvel qarTulSi, uzmniswino formebi yovelTvis
uniSnod aris warmodgenili, xolo zmniswinianebs mudam aqvs piris niSani"
(iv. imnaiSvili, v.imnaiSvili, 1996, gv.47).
Zvelsave qarTulSi cotaa iseTi zmnebi, romelTac obieqturi piris
niSani orive saxis formebSi aqvs warmodgenili _ uzmniswinoebSic da
zmniswinianebSic. hgmobs _ ganhgmobs, xiTxovs _ gamoxiTxovs, stkebnis _
dastkebnis, hfaravs _ dahfaravs… es wesi Zvel qarTul saliteraturo
enaSi romeliRac kilodan Semotanilad miaCniaT; Tvlian, rom igi dRes
Semonaxulia TuSurSi, sadac Cveulebrivia aseTi wyvil-wyvili formebi:
Rbans _ gaRbans, Rbedavs _ gaRbedavs, Rglejavs _ gaRglejavs, xklavs _
maxklavs, xBocavs _ daxBocavs da sxv. (iv.imnaiSvili, v. imnaiSvili, 1996,
gv. 47).
xevsurulSic dadasturda uzmniswino formebze obieqtur piris
niSanTa darTvis SemTxvevebi: biZa ras xfiqrobs beberi (WinW. 411); me
wamood, Ãelmwifes vRnaxavo (San. 55); gul ro gaxqondas tyviasa, suls
Rlevda, amaSqunao (x/l 39)…
SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom Zvel qarTul saliteraturo enaSi
zemoaRniSnuli wesi _ mesame pird. obieqturi piris niSani daerTos
rogorc zmniswinian, aseve uzmniswino formebs _ Sesulia aRmosavleT
saqarTvelos mTis dialeqtebidan; anda am dialeqtebSi SemorCenilia is
uZvelesi viTareba qarTuli samwignobro enisa, romlis kvalic V-XI ss.
qarTulSi gvxvdeba.
meore subieqturi piris niSani

mJReri b-s win meore subieqturi piris niSnad mxolod R-

dadasturda, g-s win: 94% _ R- da 6% _ x-:
Rb:
magdens midmorobaCia, mgelo, rad ar daRberdebi (WinW. 349); abeCao,
berdedao, saarxvatod gaRbibindi (x/l 11); egre aRbrundi tutila,
rogorc kalaTze xario (x/l 11); Svid mamas numc gaRbevrdebiTav da numc
gasTavdebiTav! (q/d 22)...
xg|Rg:
abeCan, nikos wvrilao! gaelda, xgvixar casao! (x/l11); alaRebulsa
Rgvandi wyalsao (x/l 29); Sen dedas Rgvixaro (San. 53); an xom ara
RgrZnob qarebsa (San. 46); daxyvirn gigiam: Sen qve rad ar Rgdixariv
Tavis sagdebCiav?! (x/l 21); puri Tu magSivdeboda, busnas maRglije
kbiliTa (WinW. 388); aTaTa! cxeno, ar gaRgordao, mÃedari ar daaziano
(x/l 21)…
yru f, p, q, k, y, B bgerebis win meore subieqturi piris niSnad
mxolo xania, mxolod erTxel f-s win dafiqsirda R-:
xf|Rf:
qoro qarafiT gamaxfrindio (WinW. 421); eg Tqvenis gamarjvebisa, vinac
ro xfiqrobT cdisasa (WinW. 411); ras xfiqrob, xevsuriSvilo? (WinW. 411);
gaRfrindi gaufrindomsa (WinW. 6)...
xp:
mtiralsa tirils nu xpatijebTo (WinW. 6); tyuila raad xpirdebi?
(WinW. 6).
xq:
oh, ra xqen aduav (q/d 19); ra xqeniv imedao, ra xqeniv? (WinW. 362) ...
xk:
Sen maxkal TaTris beladi (WinW. 404); kac Tu xar jilagiani, mamklavi
ver maxkalia (WinW. 395); sca es moxkali, imaSiga ka adgil iqnebiso (San.
52)...
xy:
Caiare da Caxyefne, yurSiav patronisao (WinW. 343); Saxyare mZime
laSqari, Saxvie CiRos Zirsao (WinW. 367); aesramc TeTrad axyvavdebiT,
rogorc es Toli (x/l 17); CaxyeviT sisxlis kvalzeda (WinW. 391);
daxyareT jalaielTa begari erTis cxvrisao (WinW. 390)...
xÃ:
yana xÃan, Tesli ar sTese, ludi aduRe sviani (WinW. 388); Sen Tu
CaxÃocen cxvris mwyemsni (WinW. 346); mTaCi CiviliT ar SaxÃdaTao, mTis
qoCni "amin"-s dagicemenTo (WinW. 423); purica aitaneT, TiTo-orola lukma
maxÃliCeT (x/l 25); wyalsav per maxÃadeo’ val iqnebav (WinW. 440)
xx:
 x-s win S2-is piris niSani yovelTvis dakargulia: tyviav, gamaxar
Zvalia (WinW. 406); Sen aRar Saxvde tanzeda (WinW. 370); [Tqven] marto
mzes xedeniTav durbinebiTav (WinW. 337)...
sonanturi bunebis v-sa da m,n,r,l sonorebis win meore subieqturi
piris niSnad yovelTvis R- Cans:
gaiTqvi, bukuliSvilo, yvelkan gaRvardi Ãmadao (WinW. 353); soflis
uRurm Tu gagwirav, kldeT gadaRvardidiv (WinW. 439)... romenma daRmosen
cani RurbliTa (San. 51); mdevarT win rad miRmetdebodio (WinW. 430)…
icnob Tu ara im kacsa, wyaroze ro Rnaxev (San. 58); yana gadamkilT
Rnaxevd (q/d 21)... xoxiT ro Rlesavdidi Ãmalsao, ro arbolebdi
gudanlebsao (WinW. 422); mal-mal waRlali(d) wyalzeda (WinW. 392);
koxios wamaRlalavdi, muÃls SauTvlidi mglisasa (WinW. 366); SarSan ro
jogeb gaRlale wels aisr nuRar gindao (WinW. 404); jer xo Sen daRlev,
Cuao (WinW. 386); gaRrecxe bazdeTio ÃorÃa (WinW. 387)…
xevsurulSi S2 pirisa da O3 piris niSnebi zogjer xmovniT dawyebul
fuZeebTanac gvxvdeba: ...SaRomebian maSin isen erTucs; ...gaReSmakebi ai
balRa, veRar atyuebdes; ...umisod, Tqven xo karga xarT, xo aras vin
RavadobT-RbeCaobT?; sad-ra RoÃrdebiv netarav?; ...ai cxenic
gaRoflianebiyv, qoo Sav iyv oflisgan; … sakalavis gardaiT aRaras
akeTeba, aRar RoqromWedloba, mamadav? (WinW. 99); es Tofi am aduas
gadabrunebul ÃelSiiT, erTiorad gaRordniyv da maxvedriyv tyvia feÃSi
amxanigs gigias, muxSi (q/d 19)…
al. WinWaraulis mixedviT, ramdenadac h R-s iZleva mJReri bgerebis
win, xmovnebi ki mJReri bgerebia, xevsurulSi bunebrivia maT win h > R
procesi. mecnierma aRniSna, rom am faqtTan Zv. qarTulis xanmeti
formebisa da svanuri enis S2/03-is x prefiqsis mimarTebis sakiTxebi
specialur Seswavlas moiTxovs (al. WinWarauli, 1956, gv., 99).
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, tradiciuli mosazrebiT, aRmosavleT
saqarTvelos mTis dialeqtebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia S2 da O3 piris
niSani h-, romlis fonetikuri nairsaxeobania: h- > s- > S-; h > s- >
S- > J-; h- > x- > R-; h- > 0-.
b. jorbenaZis mixedviT, xevsurulSi adgili aqvs TanxmovanTa
cvlilebas lokaluri rigis mixedviT: xorxismier spirants cvlis
xaxismieri spiranti: h>x (hyavs > xyavs); h>x>R (dahmala>daxmala>daRmala)
(b. jorbenaZe, 1998, gv. 457).
rodesac aris kompleqsi: spiranti+sonanti+sonanti+spiranti,
SeiZleba Seicvalos mJReroba-siyrue: xl>Rl (dahlevs > daxlevs >
daRlevs), xm > Rm )gahmarTa > gaxmarTa > gaRmarTa) (b. jorbenaZe, 1998, gv.
464).
sakmaod xSirad daCndeba agreTve xSulebis mier h spirantis
(morfologiurad _ piris niSnis) lokaluri rigis mixedviT asimilaciis
SemTxvevebi: hb>Rb (hbavis > Rbavis); hf > xf (hfaravs > xfaravs); hp > xf
(hparavs > xfaravs); hg > Rg (hgav > Rgav); hq > xq (hqonia > xqonia); hk >
xk (hkiTxa > xkiTxa). (R-sa da x-s regulacia xdeba mJReroba-siyruis
mixedviTac), rac sawarmoTqmo adgilis mixedviT aaxlovebs mas
wyvilbagismier (b,f,p) da rbilsasismier (g,q,k) xSulebTan. pirvel
SemTxvevaSi lokaluri rigis mixedviT, regresuli nawilobrivi asimilacia
gvaqvs, meore SemTxvevaSi _ regresuli sruli asimilacia (b. jorbenaZe,
1998, gv. 469).
ismis kiTxva: ra ufro logikuria:
da-x-faravs, mo-x-paravs, x-qvian, da-x-kazmavs, da-x-BelTavs, da-x-
yabulda… R-bav, ma-R-gvris, R-vedris, wa-R-lalavs, da-R-malavs, R-naxavs,
R-ridebs… Sa-R-omebian, ga-R-oflianebiyv, R-oqromWedlob, R-avadob…
tipis formebisaTvis amosavlad davuSvaT VI saukunis (xanmetobis
droindeli) qarTulis viTareba Tu ufro gviandeli?
pasuxisaTvis saintereso argumenti SeiZleba mogvces fonetikuri
procesis mimarTulebis analizma:
rogorc procentulma maCveneblebma dagvanaxa, faqtobrivad x- da R-
piris niSanTa amosaval formad navaraudevi h- formanti xevsurulSi ar
dasturdeba. am formantis gamovlenis uiSviaTesi faqtebi dRevandeli
saliteraturo enis gavleniT SeiZleba aixsnas.
rogorc wesi, qarTvelur qvesistemebSi h-d transformirebuli piris
niSani xmovnebis win ikargeba; ramdenadac mTis kiloebi bevr arqaul
movlenas inaxavs, Cemi azriT, ufro logikuria davuSvaT: maTSi h-s
nacvlad zogjer gamovlenili R- alomorfi mogvca x- prefiqsma; Sdr.,
nakleblogikuria, rom arqauli x-sgan miRebulma h-m isev mogvca x, Semdeg
ki x > R. igive iTqmis sonorebis, mJRerebisa Tu Cqamierebis win
gamovlenli R/x-s Sesaxebac; magaliTad, bagismieri yru Tanxmovnebis win (x-
faravs, x-paravs...) ras unda gamoewvia h > x procesi?
Sesabamisad, vfiqrob, qarTuli (qarTveluri) enis mTis kiloebSi
realurad Cans saerToqarTveluri movlenis _ xanmetobis kvali.

Semoklebani
gab. - bes. gabuuri, "xevsuruli masalebi", a. SaniZis redaqtorobiT,
qarTuli saenaTmecniero sazogadoebis weliwdeuli I-II, 1923-1924 (gamoica
1925 w.).
q/d - qarTuli dialeqtologia, Tb., 1961.
San. - ak. SaniZe, Txzulebani Tormet tomad, t.I, Tb., 1984.
WinW. - al. WinWarauli, xevsurulis Taviseburebani, Tb., 1960.
x/l - al. WinWarauli, xevsuruli leqsikoni, Tb., 2005.
x/p - a. SaniZe, qarTuli xalxuri poezia, I, xevsuruli, Tb., 1931.

damowmebuli literatura

g. gogolaSvili, 2007 - g. gogolaSvili, qarTveluri enebi Tu

dialeqtebi? (aratradiciuli polemika tradiciul Temaze, qarTveluri
enebi da dialeqtebi, Tb., 2007.
 iv. imnaiSvili, v. imnaiSvili, 1996 - iv. imnaiSvili, v. imnaiSvili, zmna
Zvel qarTulSi, Tb., 1996.
n. maWavariani, 1986 - n. maWavariani, obieqtisa da subieqtis piris
niSanTa ganlagebisaTvis qarTul da afxazur gardamaval zmnebSi; macne,
enisa da literaturis seria, #3, Tb., 1986.
m. suxiSvili, 1986 - m. suxiSvili, subieqturi pirveli piris
prefiqsisaTvis qarTvelur enebSi; ike, XXV, Tb., 1986.
g. rogava, 1952 - g. rogava, qarTvelur enaTa fonetikis istoriul-
SedarebiTi Seswavlis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi, Tb., 1952.
t. futkaraZe, 2006 - t. futkaraZe, saTave da perspeqtiva qarTuli
samwignobro enisa, kavkasiologiuri seria, IV, Tb., 2006.
qarTuli dialeqtologia, 1961 - i. gigineiSvili, v. Tofuria, i.
qavTaraZe, qarTuli dialeqtologia, Tb., 1961.
ak. SaniZe, 1920 - ak. SaniZe, subieqturi prefiqsi meore pirisa da
obieqturi prefiqsi mesame pirisa qarTul zmnaSi, Tb., 1920.
al. WinWarauli, 2005 - al. WinWarauli, xevsuruli leqsikoni, Tb.
2005.
al. WinWarauli, 1960 - al. WinWarauli, xevsurulis Taviseburebani,
Tb. 1960.
iv. javaxiSvili, 1949 - iv. javaxiSvili, qarTuli paleografia, Tb.,
1949.
b. jorbenaZe, 1998 - b. jorbenaZe, qarTuli dialeqtologia, t. II, Tb.,
1998.

MAIA MIKAUTADZE

ON THE TRACE OF EXTRA KH PREFIX IN THE

KARTVELIAN SPEECHES

As is known in the modern literary language the trace of extra kh is attested in the
words khar and mokhval.
In the specialist literature scholars have expressed the idea that just in the same
manner as of the 5th-7th century written language norms, hk prefix is preserved in verbs
with initial vowels with the second person subject and the third person object in the Svan
dialect. The same kh prefix is regarded as the original phoneme for the Tush and
Khevsurian gh/kh allo-morphemes (T.Putkaradze). As for the other traditional opinion h
– formant is characteristic to east Georgia mountain speeches, whose phonetic variants
are as follows:
h-> s->sh->zh-;
h-> kh->gh-;
h-> s->sh-;
h-> 0- (A.Chincharauli, B.Jorbenadze, G.Gogolashvili).
At this stage of the research I present Khevsurian speech materials for the analysis
with regard to kh allophone.
 Da-kh-faravs, mo-kh-paravs, kh-qvian, da-kh-kazmavs, da-kh-kheltavs, da-kh-
qabulda,... gh-bav, („bghavis”), , ma-gh-gvris, gh-vedris, tsa-gh-alavs, da-gh-malavs,
gh-naxavs, gh-ridebs..sha-gh-omebian, ga-gh-oflianebivq, gh-okromtchedlob, gh-
avadob..
Parallel forms are also attested: ma-gh-mkis/ma-kh-mkis; ga-gh-frindi/ga-kh-
frindi..
The question is: what is more reasonable? To admit that the source of these forms is
the language condition of the 6th century (of so-called extra-kh-prefix period) or regard
it as a phenomenon of later origin?
An interesting explanation of the fact can be drawn from the directional analysis of
phonetic processes:
As a rule, in the Kartvelian sub-systems the person marker kh that transformed to h
is lost before vowel sounds; however, in the mountainous people’s speeches gh is attested
in the same place. If we admit that mountainous speeches preserve many archaic
phenomena, then it is more logical to accept that gh allo-morpheme is derived from the
kh prefix; and it is less logical to admit that the archaic kh resulted in h from which it
again developed back into kh and then the kh developed into gh of modern mountainous
speeches. Exactly the same is said about gh/kh occurring before sonorant, voiced and
fricative consonants. E.g. If not the above-suggested arguments then what should result
the h>kh process before the labial voiceless consonants in kh-faravs, kh-paravs?
Hence, I think that in the mountainous people’s speeches of the Georgian language
we have the real traces of the “extra kh” period of the general Kartvelian phenomenon.