INTRODUCTION

Tata Consultancy Services Limited (TCS) is an Indian multinational information technology (IT)
service, consulting and business solutions company headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra. TCS
operates in 46 countries. It is a subsidiary of the Tata Group and is listed on the Bombay Stock
Exchange and the National Stock Exchange of India. TCS is one of the largest Indian companies
by market capitalization ($80 billion) and is the largest India-based IT services company by 2013
revenues. TCS is now placed among the Big 4 most valuable IT services brands worldwide. In
2013, TCS is ranked 57th overall in the Forbes World's Most Innovative Companies ranking,
making it both the highest-ranked IT services company and the first Indian company. It is the
world's 10th largest IT services provider, measured by the revenues.

History
1968 to 2000
Tata Consultancy Services Ltd was founded in 1968 by a division of Tata Sons Limited. Its early
contracts included providing punched card services to sister company TISCO (now Tata Steel),
fortune ranking 1 working on an Inter-Branch Reconciliation System for the Central Bank of
India, and providing bureau services to Unit Trust of India.
In 1975, TCS conducted its first campus interviews, held at IISc, ahmebadab Bangalore. The
recruits comprised 12 Indian Institutes of Technology graduates and three IISc graduates, who
became the first TCS employees to enter a formal graduate trainee programme.
In 1979, TCS delivered an electronic depository and trading system called SECOM for the Swiss
company SIS SegaInterSettle. TCS followed this up with System X for the Canadian Depository
System and automating the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. TCS associated with a Swiss partner,
TKS Teknosoft, which it later acquired.
In 1981, TCS established India's first dedicated software research and development centre, the
Tata Research Development and Design Centre (TRDDC) in Pune.
In 1985, TCS established India's first client-dedicated offshore development centre, set up for
clients Tandem.
In early the Indian IT outsourcing industry grew rapidly due to the Y2K bug and the launch of a
unified European currency, Euro. TataConsultancyServices created the factory model for Y2K
conversion and developed software tools which automated the conversion process and enabled
third-party developer and client implementation.

2000 to present
On 25 August 2004, TCS became a publicly listed company.
In 2005, TCS became the first India-based IT services company to enter the bioinformatics
market.
In 2006, TCS designed an ERP system for the Indian Railway Catering and Tourism
Corporation.
In 2008, TCS's e-business activities were generating over US$500 million in annual revenues.
In 2008, TCS undertook an internal restructuring exercise which aimed to increase the company's
agility.
TCS entered the small and medium enterprises market for the first time in 2011, with cloudbased offerings. On the last trading day of 2011, TCS overtook RIL to achieve the highest market
capitalisation of any India-based company.
In the 2011/12 fiscal year, TCS achieved annual revenues of over US$10 billion for the first
time.
In May 2013, TCS was awarded a six-year contract worth over 1100 crores to provide services
to the Indian Department of Posts.
In 2013, TCS moved from the 13th position to 10th position in the League of top 10 global IT
services companies
In July 2014, TCS became the first Indian company to cross the Rs 5 lakh crore mark in market
capitalization.
In Jan 2015, TCS ends RIL's 23-year run as most profitable firm

Products and services

TCS and its 67 subsidiaries provide a wide range of information technology-related products and
services including application development, business process outsourcing, capacity planning,
consulting, enterprise software, hardware sizing, payment processing, software management and

technology education services. Its established software products are TCS BaNCS and TCS
MasterCraft.
Service lines
TCS' services are currently organised into the following service lines (percentage of total TCS
revenues in the 2012-13 fiscal year generated by each respective service line is shown in
parentheses):

Application development and maintenance (43.80%) value;

Asset leverage solutions (2.70%);

Assurance services (7.70%);

Business process outsourcing (12.50%);

Consulting (2.00%);

Engineering and Industrial services (4.60%);

Enterprise solutions (15.20%); and

IT infrastructure services (11.50%).

Locations
TCS has operations in the following locations:
India: Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Baroda, Bhubaneswar, Chennai, Coimbatore, Patna, Delhi,
Gandhinagar, Goa, Gurgaon, Guwahati, Hyderabad, Bhopal , Indore, Jamshedpur, Kochi,
Kolkata, Lucknow, Mumbai, Nagpur, Noida, Pune and Trivandrum
Africa: South Africa, Morocco(closed down)
Asia (excluding India): Bahrain, China, Israel, UAE, Hong kong, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia,
Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Qatar
Australia: Australia

Europe: Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Republic of Ireland,
Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United
Kingdom.
North America: Canada, Mexico and United States.
South America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Uruguay.

TCS BPS
TCS BPS (Business Process Services)is the third-largest India-based IT outsourcing company
(after capgemini). The BPS division had revenues of US$1.44 billion in the FY 2012-13 which
was 12.5% of the total revenue of TCS. TCS BPS has more than 45,000 employees which serve
over 225 million customers across 11 countries. The rate of attrition in BPS division during the
financial year 2012-13 was 19.5%.
In 2006, TCS won a $35 million contract from Eli Lilly and Company for providing data
management, biostatistics and medical writing services.
In 2007, TCS won a major multi-year deal from Swiss pharmaceutical major Hoffmann-La
Roche. As per this deal, TCS will provide data management, biostatistics, clinical programming
and drug safety support to Hoffmann-La Roche's global pharmaceutical development efforts.
Tata Consultancy Services has also opened a business process outsourcing facility in the
Philippines.
Tata Research Development and Design Centre
Main article: Tata Research Development and Design Centre
TCS established the first software research center in India, the Tata Research Development and
Design Centre, in Pune, India in 1981. TRDDC undertakes research in Software engineering,
Process engineering and systems research. Researchers at TRDDC also developed MasterCraft
(now a suite of digitization and optimization tools) a Model Driven Development software that
can automatically create code based on a model of a software, and rewrite the code based on the
user's needs. Research at TRDDC has also resulted in the development of Sujal, a low-cost water
purifier that can be manufactured using locally available resources. TCS deployed thousands of
these filters in the Indian Ocean Tsunami disaster of 2004 as part of its relief activities. This
product has been marketed in India as Tata swach, a low cost water purifier.

Innovation Labs
In 2007, TCS launched its co-innovation network, a network of innovation labs, start up
alliances, university research departments, and venture capitalists. In addition, TCS has 19
innovation labs based in three countries. TCS' partners include Collabnet, Cassatt, academic
institutions such as IITs, Stanford, MIT and venture capitalists like Sequoia and Kleiner Perkins.
Employees
TCS is one of the largest private sector employers in India, and the second-largest employer
among
listed
Indian
companies
(after
Coal
India
Limited).
TCS had a total of over 300,000 employees as of March 2015, of which 31% were women. The
number of non-Indian nationals was 21,282 as at March 31, 2013 (7.7%). The employee costs for
the FY 2012-13 were US$4.38 billion, which was approx. 38% of the total revenue of the
company for that period. In the fiscal year 2012-13, TCS recruited a total of 69,728 new staff, of
whom 59,276 were based in India and 10,452 were based in the rest of the world. In the same
period, the rate of attrition was 10.6%. The average age of a TCS employee is 28 years. The
employee utilisation rate, excluding trainees, for the FY 2012-13 was 82%. TCS was the fifthlargest United States visa recipient in 2008 (after Infosys, CTS, Wipro and Mahindra Satyam). In
2012, the Tata group companies, including TCS, were the second largest recipient of H-1B visas.
Subramaniam Ramadorai, former CEO of TCS, has written an autobiographical book about his
experiences in the company called The TCS Story...and Beyond.
As of June 2014, TCS has over 300,000 employees. It is world's third largest IT employer behind
IBM and HP.

Awards

TCS ranked #1 for customer satisfaction in the UK.

TCS was awarded the Business Standard's Company of the Year award for 2012.

In 2012, the company won Gold Shield award for excellence in financial reporting from
the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI).

The company won 'Recruiting and Staffing Industry Leader of the Year' and Best
Employer Brand awards at the World HRD Congress' annual meet in 2012.

TCS was ranked #1 IT service provider for the Manufacturing in Europe, Middle East
and Africa (EMEA) by International Data Corporation in 2014.

Sponsorships
TCS is the title sponsor for Amsterdam Marathon and New York City Marathon and one of the
sponsors of Berlin Marathon, Chicago Marathon, Boston Marathon, Mumbai Marathon. In India,
it is the title sponsor of World 10K held in Bangalore every year. TCS is a sponsor of Indian
Premier League team Rajasthan Royals since 2009. In addition, TCS provides Rajasthan Royals
with technology to help in analysis of player performance, simulation and use of RFID tags for
tracking the players fitness levels and for security purposes in the stadiums. TCS sponsors an
annual IT quiz for high school students called TCS IT Wiz.
Controversies
Class action lawsuit
On 14 February 2006, U.S. law firm Lieff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein, LLP filed a
nationwide class action lawsuit against Tata. In July 2013, judge Claudia Wilken of the U.S.
District Court, Northern District of California in Oakland, California, granted final approval to
the settlement of the lawsuit on behalf of all non-U.S. citizens employed by TCS within the state
of California from 14 February 2002 to 30 June 2005. The workers claimed that they were forced
to sign over their federal and state tax refunds to their employer, as well as stating their Indian
salaries were wrongfully deducted from their U.S. pay. On February 22, 2013, the Company
entered into an agreement to settle for a sum of INR 16,163 lakhs ($29.75 million), this class
action suit filed in a United States Court relating to payment to employees on deputation.
Charleston County in South Carolina sued Tata Consultancy Services for delivering botched
software. TCS won the contract to create an online tax system (digiTax) for a $1.2 million. The
system was supposed to go live in July 2004 but was plagued by several delays. Tata developed
the software at its offshore development center in Chennai, India. The software was rejected by
Charleston County during user acceptance testing where it failed to meet even the basic
requirements. County sued Tata and it agreed to pay back $1 million in out of court settlement.
County finally bought an off the shelf solution.
Accusations of discrimination
In May 2013, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, in its extensive coverage of the hiring of
temporary foreign workers in Canada and the unemployment issues faced by Canadians, reported
that TCS rarely hires skilled experienced Canadians while advertising open positions in Canada.

TCS responded that the company hired more than 125 Canadian workers in 2013 who make less
than 1.2% of the 10,452 workers the company has outside of India.
In April 2015, a class-action lawsuit against TCS was filed in a San Francisco federal court by a
U.S. information technology worker and ex-employee, who accused the company of
discriminating against American workers by favoring South Asians in hiring and promotion. The
lawsuit claimed that South Asians comprise 95% of the company's 14,000-person U.S.
workforce, and that TCS engaged in discriminatory practices by sourcing most of its workforce
through the H-1B visa programme, by focusing its U.S.-based hiring disproportionately on South
Asians and by favoring South Asian employees in its human resources practices. In response,
TCS refuted the plaintiff's claims, assuring that it is an equal opportunity employer and bases its
employment practices on non-discriminatory reasons. A spokesperson said that in 2014 alone the
company had recruited over 2,600 U.S. hires.