The Narendra Modi-led Government at the Centre completed its 100 days in

power on September 2. He began his journey as the Prime Minister of India by

inviting SAARC nations to his oath-taking ceremony and surprised both his
friends and critics by his bold decisions. Since then, he has been leading his
Government from the front. However, his journey also had its shares of
hiccups.
Here are a few highlights of his 3 months at Office:
1. The first 30 days of Narendra Modi Government is characterised by
dynamism and doesnt suffer from policy paralysis like the UPA Government.
Prime Minister showcased his roadmap for a developed India, when he
addressed the Joint Session of Parliament on July 8, 2014. The main points of
his speech covered international and diplomatic concerns, inclusive growth for
all segments including minorities, poverty elimination, stress on developing
labour-intensive manufacturing sector, FDI, inflation and rationalisation of
tax structure.
2. One of the biggest achievements of Narendra Modi, besides winning over
SAARC countries is an extension of olive branch to China. Chinese Foreign
Minister Wang Yis visit to India turned out to be a positive diplomatic start
for betterment of relations between the two nations.
3. PM Modi during his election campaign had promised rehabilitation of
Kashmiri Pandits, who were driven out in 1990s by the Kashmiri separatist
forces. This displaced community is hoping return to the Valley during his
tenure.
4. Another major step which makes Modi Government standout is its initiative
to curb and check price rise on which the Congress-led UPA Government had
failed brazenly. The move was initiated on June 17, 2014 after which
Wholesale Price Index (WPI) touched 6.01 per cent limit.

Info-graphic by Ankur
5. His first bilateral visit after assuming Office was to Bhutan. This act
emphasised his vision of addressing the concerns of neighbours and initiate a
harmonious and growth oriented partnership. The Buddhist country was
assured of Indian assistance in setting hydro-power generation plants and in
various areas of education.

6. On June 19, 2014, the Railway Minister announced 100 per cent FDI in
Indian Railways for modernisation. This step is expected to better rail
infrastructure and also pave way for high-speed trains in Ahmedabad-Mumbai
sector.
7. The Central Government is trying to bring synergy between Aadhar projects
and National Population Register (NPR).

Info-graphic by Ankur

8. The Government is planning to integrate Indira Gandhi National Old Age

Pension Scheme (IGNOAPS), Aam Aadmi Bima Yojana (AABY), and Rashtriya
Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY) under one network, which will be looked after
by Ministry of Labour and Employment. This pilot project is expected to be
launched from January 1, 2015 in 20 districts for facilitating unorganised
workers with ability to access the three schemes through a single smart card.
9. The NDA Government presented its maiden Budget on July 10, 2014, which
was hailed as progressive one. Markets responded positively.
10. The Government increased FDI limit in the Insurance sector from 26 per
cent to 49 per cent and the defence sector too saw a hike in the FDI limit to 49
per cent from the existing 26 per cent.

Info-graphic by Ankur
11. Finance Minister Arun Jaitley allocated funds to improve irrigation and
promised sanitation in every household. He also sanctioned the establishment
of four more AIIMS in Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Vidharbha and
Purvanchal to improve the doctor-people ratio. Five more IIMs and IITs are
scheduled to come up too. He set aside Rs 200 crore for a statue of Sardar
Patel while the allocation towards women safety was about Rs 100 crore.
12. With the sixth BRICS summit hosted by Brazil, Prime Minister Narendra
Modi made his multilateral debut.

13.CBSE directed all the schools to celebrate Sanskrit Week, with a view to
restoring and promoting one of the oldest languages of India.

14. India decided that it would not get pressurised by the developed countries
and stick to its stand regarding WTOs Trade Facilitation Agreement. This
proved a major road block in the implementation of the TFA at the General
Council of the 160-member WTO meeting in Geneva. However it was hailed by
UN representatives also, since the firmness reflected Narendra Modis
commitment towards the poor.

15. To mark the completion of 60 days, the NDA Government has launched a
unique website MyGov (www.mygov.nic.in) to engage people in the
governance. Speaking at the occasion, Prime Minister Narendra Modi said
that this technology driven platform MyGov would provide opportunity for the
citizens to contribute towards good governance. There are various sections
that people can opt for like Clean Ganga, Girl Child Education, Clean India,
Skilled India, Digital India and Job Creation. The objective of each section is
to bring about a qualitative change through peoples participation.
16. Prime Minister Narendra Modi on August 12 inaugurated the 45 MW
Nimoo-Bazgo hydroelectric power project located at Alchi village and 44 MW
hydro power project at Chutak village in Ladakh, besides inaugurating the
Leh-Srinagar transmission line and a hydro power project in Leh. He said that
unlike other Prime Ministers, he has already visited Jammu and Kashmir
twice. He also unveiled a three P formula for the Leh-Ladakh: Prakash,
Paryavaran and Paryatan.
17. Prime Minister spoke extempore at his first Independence Day speech at
Delhis Red Fort, making him the the first PM since Indira Gandhi to address
the nation on 15 August in such a way. His speech was attended by more than
10,000 people. In his speech, he called himself the Pradhan Sevak who
wanted to govern by consensus and not by the majority in Parliament.
Showing concern over the rising instances of rapes in the country, Modi asked
parents to rein in their sons. He also announced a cleanliness drive across the
country. In his speech, he showed priority for poor by announcing schemes for
them, such as Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojna. He also talked of connecting
India with e-governance and promised to transform India into Digital India
with e-governance which is easy governance, economical governance and
effective governance.
18. By 2017, the Government is aiming to connect 250,000 gram panchayats
with high-speed broadband connectivity via the Rs 20,000 crore National
Optic Fibre Network. It also aims at providing Wi-Fi facility to 2.5 lakh
schools, universities and generate thousands of jobs. Plans are also being
drawn up to double up post offices as multi-service centres that will integrate
services and platforms like UIDAI.

19. When Narendra Modi took over as the Prime Minister, he extended a hand
of friendship to Pakistan by inviting Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif for the
swearing-in ceremony. Talks during that occasion had created mutual
agreement to resume bilateral talks with Foreign-Secretary-level meet slated
on August 25 in Pakistan. But the meeting was cancelled in the wake of
Pakistani Envoy Abdul Basit meeting Kashmir separatists ahead of the talks.
India has always expressed displeasure at Pakistans engagement with
Kashmiri separatists.
20. Addressing DRDO, PM Modi urged the elite body to complete its projects
at the earliest. He also appealed to the research scientists to come up with new
and innovative ideas.
21. The Prime Minister has sought a report from the Home Ministry over the
violence in the Assam-Nagaland border which resulted in the killings of about
15 people. The Government is planning and preparing to send extra forces in
the regions if the State asks for help. Recently, the protesters in Assam clashed
with the police in the Golaghat region.
22. India is deploying squadrons of surface-to-air Akash missiles in the
Northeast. This is done in the wake of growing apprehensions about Chinas
threat. As per reports, six squadrons are being deployed to tackle Chinese jets
and drones. The Government had already deployed Sukhoi-30MKI fighters at
Tezpur and Chabua.
23. PM Narendra Modi has asked IITs to take up the challenge of developing
products in the field of defence and healthcare sectors.
24. Indias first indigenously-built Anti-Submarine Warfare Corvette INS
Kamorta has been inducted into the Navy.
25. Tokyo Declaration: The partnership has been now termed as Special
Strategic and Global Partnership. Both Prime Ministers have signed a Tokyo
Declaration on the multifarious aspects of the relationship.

The list of Indian states with their Governors/Heads, Chief Ministers and Ruling Parties, is being provided to improve
your knowledge.We keep on updating the list that we keep up you updated.
Indias 29th state Telangana comes into existence on June 1, 2014. Andhra Pradesh Governor E S L Narasimhan
sworn in as the Governor of Telangana and K Chandrasekhar Rao took oath as chief minister of Telangan with 11
ministers on June 2, 2014.
Naveen Patnaik the president of BJD has been sworn in as Odisha chief minister for the fourth continue term in
Bhubaneswar on Wednesday and other 21 ministers including 11 cabinet ministers also took oath with him in the
presence of Governor S.C. Jamir.
The 63-year-old (IANS) Pawan Kumar Chamling with 11 ministers at a function at Raj Bhavan in Gangtok on May 21
sworn-in as Sikkims chief minister for a record fifth consecutive term in the presence of Governor Shriniwas Patil.
The Chamling-led Sikkim Democratic Front (SDF) secured a two-thirds majority in the assembly election, winning 22
seats out of 32.
States

Governors

Chief Ministers

Arunachal Pradesh

Gen. Joginder Jaswant Singh

Shri Nabam Tuki (INC)

Assam

Shri Janaki Ballav Pattanaik

Shri Tarun Gogai (INC)

Bihar

Shri Devanand Konwar

Shri Jitan Ram Manjhi (JDU)

Chhatishgarh

Shri Balram Das Tandon

Dr. Raman Singh(BJP)

Goa

Smt. Mridula Sinha

Shri Manohar Parrikar (BJP)

Gujarat

Shri Kalyan Singh

Aanandi Ben Patel (BJP)

Haryana

Shri Kaptan Singh Solanki

Shri Bhupinder Singh Hooda

(INC)

Himachal Pradesh

Smt. Urmila Singh

Shri Virbhadra Singh (INC)

Jammu & Kashmir

Shri Narinder Nath Vohra

Shri Omar Abdullah (PDP)

Jharkhand

Dr.Syed Ahmed

Shri Hemant Soren (JMM)

Karnataka

Shri Vajubhai Vala

Shri K. Siddaramaiah (INC)

Kerala

Shri P. Sathasivam

Shri Oommen Chandy (INC)

Madhya Pradesh

Shri Ram Naresh Yadav

Mr. Shivraj Singh Chouhan

(BJP)

Maharashtra

Shri C. Vidyasagar Rao

Shri Prithaviraj Chavan (INC)

Manipur

Shri Vinod Kumar Duggal

Sri Okram Ibobi Singh (INC)

Meghalaya

Shri Krishan Kant Paul

Shri Mukul Sangma (INC)

Mizoram

Dr. Kamla Beniwal

Shri Pu Lal Thanhawla (INC)

Nagaland

Shri Padmanabha Acharya

Mr. T.R. Zeliang (NPF)

Odisha

Shri Senayangba Chubatoshi

Zameer

Shri Naveen Patnayak (BJD)

Punjab

Shri Shivraj Patil

Shri Prakash Singh Badal (SAD)

Rajasthan

Smt. Margaret Alva

Mrs. Vasundhra Raje (BJP)

Residuary Andhra
Pradesh

Shri E.S.L. Narasimhan

President Rule

Sikkim

Shri Shrinivas Patil

Shri Pawan Kumar Chamling

(SDF)

Tamilnadu

Dr. K. Rosaiah

Dr. Selvi J. Jayalalitha (AIADMK)

Telangana

Shri E.S.L. Narasimhan

Shri K. Chandrasekhar Rao

(TRS)

Tripura

Shri Padmanabha Acharya

Shri Manik Sarkar (CPM)

Uttarakhand

Shri Aziz Qureshi

Shri Harish Rawat (INC)

Uttar Pradesh

Shri Ram Naik

Mr. Akhilesh Yadav (SP)

West Bengal

Shri Kesari Nath Tripathi

Mamta Banergee (TMC)

Union Territories

Heads

Chief Ministers

Andaman & Nicobar

Islands

Lt. A. K. Singh

Chandigarh

Shri Shivraj V. Patil

Dadar & Nagar Haveli

Shri B.S. Bhalla, IAS

Delhi

Mr. Najeeb Jung

Daman and Diu

Shri B.S. Bhalla, IAS

Lakshadweep

Shri H. Rajesh Prasad, IAS

Pudducherry

Mr. A. K. Singh

President Rule

Shri N. Rangsamy (AINRC)

The Governor of the Reserve Bank of India is the most senior banker and the chairperson of the Board of Directors
of RBI, Indias central bank. Following is the list of people who have served as the Governor of Reserve Bank of
India:No.

Name of Governor

Tenure

23

Raghuram Rajan

05-09-2013 to 04-09-2016

22

D. Subbarao

05-09-2008 to 04-09-2013

21

Dr. Y V Reddy

06-09-2003 to 05-09-2008

20

Dr. Bimal Jalan

22-11-1997 to 06-09-2003

19

C. Rangarajan

22-12-1992 to 21-11-1997

18

S. Venkitaramanan

22-12-1990 to 21-12-1992

17

R N Malhotra

04-02-1985 to 22-12-1990

16

A. Ghosh

15 January 1985 4 February 1985

15

Dr. Manmohan Singh

16 September 1982 14 January 1985

14

Dr. I. G. Patel

1 December 1977 15 September 1982

13

M. Narasimham

3 May 1977 30 November 1977

12

K. R. Puri

20 August 1975 2 May 1977

11

N. C. Sen Gupta

19 May 1975 19 August 1975

10

S. Jagannathan

16 June 1970 19 May 1975

B. N. Adarkar

4 May 1970 15 June 1970

L. K. Jha

1 July 1967 3 May 1970

P. C. Bhattacharya

1 March 1962 30 June 1967

H. V. R. Iyengar

1 March 1957 28 February 1962

K. G. Ambegaonkar

14 January 1957 28 February 1957

Sir Benegal Rama Rau

1 July 1949 14 January 1957

Sir C. D. Deshmukh

11 August 1943 30 June 1949

Sir James Braid Taylor

1 July 1937 17 February 1943

Sir Osborne Arkell Smith

1 April 1935 30 June 1937

President Names

Tenure

Dr. Rajendra Prasad (1884-1963)

26 Jan, 1950-12 may,1962

Dr. S.Radhakrishnan (1888-19750)

13may,1962-12 may,1967

Dr. Zakir Hussain (1897-1969)

13 may,1967-3 may,1969

Shri V.V. Giri (1894-1980)

24 Aug,1969-23 Aug,1974

Dr. Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed (1905-1977)

24 Aug, 1974-11 Feb, 1977

Shri N. Sanjeeva Reddy (1913-1996)

25 July, 1977-24 July, 1982

Giani zail Singh (1916-1994)

25 July ,1982-24 July1987

Shri R. Venkataraman (1910-2009)

25 July ,1987-24 July 1992

Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma (1918-1999)

25 July,1992-24 July,1997

Shri K.R. Narayanan (1920-2005)

25 July,1997-24 July,2002

Dr. A.P.J. Abdul kalam (b. 1931)

25 July,2002- 24July, 2007

Smt. Pratibha Devi Singh Patil (b.1934)

25 July,2007- 24 July, 2012

Shri Pranab Mukherjee (b.1935)

25 July,2012- till date

Cabinet Ministers
Sr.
No
.

Portfolio

Name of Minister

Prime Minister

Shri Narendra Modi

Minister of Planning, Personnel, Public

Grievances and Pensions, Department of
Atomic Energy, Department of Space and all
which are not allotted.

Minister of Home Affairs

Shri Rajnath Singh

Minister of FinanceMinister of Defense

3

Minister of Corporate Affairs

Shri Arun Jaitely

Minister of External AffairsMinister of Overseas

Indian Affairs

Shri Sushma Swaraj

Minister of Railways

Shri D.V. Sadanand Gauda

Minister of Agriculture

Shri Radha Mohan Singh

Minister of Urban Development, Poverty

AlleviationMinister of Parliamentry Affairs

Shri M. Vainkaiya Naidu

Minister of Health and Family Welfare

Dr. Harshvardhan

Minister of Communications and Information

TechnologyMinister of Law and Justice

Shri Ravi Shankar Prasad

Minister of Human Resource Development

Smt. Smriti Irani

Minister of Tribal Affairs

Shri Zuel Oram

10

11

12

Minister of Consumer Affairs,

Food and Public Distribution

Shri Ramvilas Paswan

13

Minister of Civil Aviation

Shri Ashok Gajapati Raju

Minister of Labour and EmploymentMinister of

Steel
14

Ministry of Mines

Shri Narendra Singh Tomar

15

Minister of Micro, Small and Medium

Enterprises

Shri Kalraj Mishra

16

Minister of Minority Affairs

Smt. Nazama Heptulla

Minister of Panchayati RajMinister of Rural

Development
17

Shri Gopinath Munde

Minister of Drinking Water and Sanitation

18

Minister of Road Transport and

HighwaysMinister of Shipping

Shri Nitin Gadakari

19

Minister of Food Processing Industries

Smt. Harsimrat Kaur

20

Minister of Heavy Industries and Public

Enterprises

Shri Anant Geete

21

Minister of Women and Child Development

Smt. Menka Gandhi

22

Minister of Water ResourcesMinister of River

Development and Ganga Revival

Uma Bharti

23

Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment

Shri Thaverchand Gehlot

Ministers of State with Independent Charge

Sr
No
.

Portfolio

Name of Minister

Ministry of Parliament Affairs, clothe, Water

Resources, Rivers Development and Ganga
Revival

Shri Santosh Kumar Gangwar

Ministry of Science and Technology, Earth

Sciences, PMO, Personnel, Public Grievances
and Pensions, Atomic Energy

Shri Jitendra Singh

Ministry of Tourism, Culture

Shri Shripad Yeso Naik

Ministry of Skill Development, Youth Affairs and

Sports

Shri Servanand Sonoval

Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Finance,

Commerce and Industry

Shri Nirmala Sitaraman

Ministry of Statistics and Programme

Implementation, Planning, Defense

Shri Indrajeet Singh Rao

Ministry of Power, Coal, New and Renewable

Energy

Shri Pyush Goyal

Ministry of Environment and Forests,

Information and Broadcasting, Parliamentary
Affairs

Shri Prakash Javdekar

Ministry of Development of North Eastern

Region, External Affairs, Overseas Indian Affairs

Shri General V.K. Singh

Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas

Shri Dharmendra Pradhan

11

Ministers of State

Sr
No.

Portfolio

Name of Minister

Ministry of Home Affairs

Shri Kiran Rijiju

Ministry of Consumer Affairs,

Food and Public Distribution

Shri Rao Saheb Danve

Ministry of Civil Aviation

Shri G.M. Sideshvara

Ministry of Chemical and Fertilizers

Shri Nihalchand

Ministry of Rural Development, Panchayati Raj,

Drinking Water and Sanitation

Shri Upendra Kushvaha

Ministry of Heavy Industry and Public

Enterprises

Shri P. Radha Krishnan

Ministry of Mines, Steel, Labour and

Employment

Shri Vishnu Dev Sai

Ministry of Railways

Shri Manoj Sinha

Ministry of Agriculture, Food Processing

Industries

Shri Sanjiv Kumar Baliyan

10

Ministry of Road Transport and Highways,

Shipping

Shri Krishna Pal

11

Ministry of Social Justice and

Empowerment

Shri Sudarshan Bhagat

12

Ministry of Tribal Affairs

Shri Mansukhbhai Vasava

The list of Indian states with their Governors/Heads, Chief Ministers and Ruling Parties, is being provided to improve
your knowledge.We keep on updating the list that we keep up you updated.
Indias 29th state Telangana comes into existence on June 1, 2014. Andhra Pradesh Governor E S L Narasimhan
sworn in as the Governor of Telangana and K Chandrasekhar Rao took oath as chief minister of Telangan with 11
ministers on June 2, 2014.
Naveen Patnaik the president of BJD has been sworn in as Odisha chief minister for the fourth continue term in
Bhubaneswar on Wednesday and other 21 ministers including 11 cabinet ministers also took oath with him in the
presence of Governor S.C. Jamir.
The 63-year-old (IANS) Pawan Kumar Chamling with 11 ministers at a function at Raj Bhavan in Gangtok on May 21
sworn-in as Sikkims chief minister for a record fifth consecutive term in the presence of Governor Shriniwas Patil.
The Chamling-led Sikkim Democratic Front (SDF) secured a two-thirds majority in the assembly election, winning 22
seats out of 32.
States

Governors

Chief Ministers

Arunachal Pradesh

Gen. Joginder Jaswant Singh

Shri Nabam Tuki (INC)

Assam

Shri Janaki Ballav Pattanaik

Shri Tarun Gogai (INC)

Bihar

Shri Devanand Konwar

Shri Jitan Ram Manjhi (JDU)

Chhatishgarh

Shri Balram Das Tandon

Dr. Raman Singh(BJP)

Goa

Smt. Mridula Sinha

Shri Manohar Parrikar (BJP)

Gujarat

Shri Kalyan Singh

Aanandi Ben Patel (BJP)

Haryana

Shri Kaptan Singh Solanki

Shri Bhupinder Singh Hooda

(INC)

Himachal Pradesh

Smt. Urmila Singh

Shri Virbhadra Singh (INC)

Jammu & Kashmir

Shri Narinder Nath Vohra

Shri Omar Abdullah (PDP)

Jharkhand

Dr.Syed Ahmed

Shri Hemant Soren (JMM)

Karnataka

Shri Vajubhai Vala

Shri K. Siddaramaiah (INC)

Kerala

Shri P. Sathasivam

Shri Oommen Chandy (INC)

Madhya Pradesh

Shri Ram Naresh Yadav

Mr. Shivraj Singh Chouhan

(BJP)

Maharashtra

Shri C. Vidyasagar Rao

Shri Prithaviraj Chavan (INC)

Manipur

Shri Vinod Kumar Duggal

Sri Okram Ibobi Singh (INC)

Meghalaya

Shri Krishan Kant Paul

Shri Mukul Sangma (INC)

Mizoram

Dr. Kamla Beniwal

Shri Pu Lal Thanhawla (INC)

Nagaland

Shri Padmanabha Acharya

Mr. T.R. Zeliang (NPF)

Odisha

Shri Senayangba Chubatoshi

Zameer

Shri Naveen Patnayak (BJD)

Punjab

Shri Shivraj Patil

Shri Prakash Singh Badal (SAD)

Rajasthan

Smt. Margaret Alva

Mrs. Vasundhra Raje (BJP)

Residuary Andhra
Pradesh

Shri E.S.L. Narasimhan

President Rule

Sikkim

Shri Shrinivas Patil

Shri Pawan Kumar Chamling

(SDF)

Tamilnadu

Dr. K. Rosaiah

Dr. Selvi J. Jayalalitha (AIADMK)

Telangana

Shri E.S.L. Narasimhan

Shri K. Chandrasekhar Rao

(TRS)

Tripura

Shri Padmanabha Acharya

Shri Manik Sarkar (CPM)

Uttarakhand

Shri Aziz Qureshi

Shri Harish Rawat (INC)

Uttar Pradesh

Shri Ram Naik

Mr. Akhilesh Yadav (SP)

West Bengal

Shri Kesari Nath Tripathi

Mamta Banergee (TMC)

Union Territories

Heads

Chief Ministers

Andaman & Nicobar

Islands

Lt. A. K. Singh

Chandigarh

Shri Shivraj V. Patil

Dadar & Nagar Haveli

Shri B.S. Bhalla, IAS

Delhi

Mr. Najeeb Jung

Daman and Diu

Shri B.S. Bhalla, IAS

Lakshadweep

Shri H. Rajesh Prasad, IAS

Pudducherry

Mr. A. K. Singh

President Rule

Shri N. Rangsamy (AINRC)

Below are the list of some of the important and useful fast facts and information about India.

According to the World Bank, on the basis of purchasing power party, the economy of India is the fourth
last economy in the world.

In the production of vegetables, India is on second position (after china).India is on first position in
production of milk.

The highest producer of milk in India is Uttar Pradesh.

India is the third largest producer of Tobacco. But the largest producer and consumer of tobacco is
China.

Four industries which have been reserved for public sector are Arms and Ammunition, Atomic Energy,
Rail Transportation and Minerals.

The position of India is first as producer of pulses.

The Centre receives maximum net revenue through excise duty.

First in Hydel Power plant in India was started in Darjiling.

The money order system in India was launched in 1880.

First postal stamp was launch in India in 1852.

Maharastra is the first state which accorded the status of industry to agriculture in1997. According to the
World Bank, per person property in India is $ 25 thousand.

The Big push theory has been given by R.Rodan. Alferd marshal propounded the principles of
consumer surplus. Central Agmark Laboratory is in Nagpur.

First cotton industry of the country was established in kolkata in1818 and the second by Kovasjee Nana
Bhai in Mumbai in 1853.

The largest number of cooperative institutions is in India.

Unorgaised sectors are creating more employment than organised sector in India.

The share of groundnut is the highest in the production of soil seeds.

Three cities have India more than 1 Crore population Mumbai Kolkata and Delhi. Urbainsation is highest
in Goa in India.

Asian development bank was established in 1966. (Head office Manila) The share of India in world trade
of spices is 40%.

The social accounting method of estimating national income was developed by Richard stone.
TRIFED is National Agricultural co-operative marketing development federation of India LTD.
Established by government in 1987 to benefit small tribal farmers.

NAFEED is National Agricultural co-operative marketing development federation of India LTD.

Established for marketing the Agricultural products.

Textile industry exports account for about 24.46% of Indias Total export oriental industrial units will get
automatic sanction of foreign equity investment up to 51%.

In 1993 FERA (Foreign exchange regulation act 1973) was replaced by FEMA (Foreign exchange
management act).

Textile industry has the largest contribution of 20% in Indias total industrial production. Small industries
have been completely relaxed from licensing.

Since 2002prince of all petroleum products are market determined kerosene and domestic LPG is
supplied as subsided rates to target groups.
Chairman, Planning Commission: Shri Narendra Modi
Speaker of Lok Sabha: Sumitra Mahajan
Chairman, Rajya Sabha: Mohammad Hamid Ansari.
Deputy Chairman, Rajya Sabha: Mr. P. J. Kurien.
Leader of Opposition (Rajya Sabha): Ghulam Nabi Azad
Deputy Chairman, Planning Commission: Dr. Montek Singh Ahluwalia.
Chief Election Commissioner: Mr. V. S. Sampath
Election Commissioner: Mr. Harishankar Brahma
Election Commissioner: Mr. Nasim Zaidi.
Comptroller and Auditor-General of India: Mr. Shashi Kant Sharma
Chairperson, National Human Right Commission (NHRC): Mr. Justice K. G. Balakrishnan.
Cabinet Secretary of India: Mr. Ajit Kumar Seth
Principal Secretary to Prime Minister: Mr. Nrapendra Mishra
Chairman, National Commission for Backward Classes: Justice V. Eshwaraiah
Chairperson, National Commission for Protection of Child Rights: Ms. Shanta Sinha
Chairman, National Commission for Scheduled Castes: Mr. P. L. Punia
Chairman, National Commission for Scheduled Tribes: Dr. Rameshwar Oraon
Chairman, UPSC: Prof. D. P. Agrawal
Chairman, National Commission on Farmers (NCF): Dr. M. S. Swaminathan
National Security Adviser and Special Adviser to PM (Internal Security): Mr. Ajit Kumar Doval
Director-General, National Investigation Agency (NIA): Mr. Sharad Kumar
Chairman, Railway Board: Mr. Arunendra Kumar
Attorney General of India: Mr. Mukul Rohatagee
Secretary-General, Rajya Sabha: Mr. Shumsher K. Sheriff
Secretary-General, Lok Sabha: Mr. T. K. Viswanathan
Director, IB: Mr. Syed Asif Ibrahim

Director, CBI: Mr. Ranjit Sinha

Director, Research and Analysis Wing (RAW): Mr. Alok Joshi
Director-General, National Security Guard (NSG): Mr. Jayanto Narayan Choudhury
Director-General, CRPF: Mr. Dilip Trivedi
Director-General, Border Security Force (BSF): Mr. Devendra Kumar Pathak
Director-General, Central Industrial Security Force (CISF): Mr. Arvind Ranjan
Director-General, Railway Protection Force(RPF): Mr. P.K. Mehta
Director-General, Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP): Mr. Subhash Goswami
Director-General, Sashastra Seema Bal: Mr. Arun Choudhury
Director-General, IndianCoast Guard: Vice-Admiral Anurag G. Thapliyal
Director-General, Defense Intelligence Agency: Lt. Gen. Avtar Singh
Chairman, University Grant Commission (UGC): Prof. Ved Prakash
Scientific Adviser to Defence Minister and Secretary, DRDO: Mr. Avinash Chander
Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government: Mr. R. Chidambaram
Chairman of Space Commission and ISRO: Mr. K. Radhakrishnan
Chairman of Atomic Energy Commission and Secretary, Dept. of Atomic Energy: Mr. Ratan Kumar Sinha
Chairperson, National Commission for Minorities: Mr. Naseem Ahmed
Chief Information Commissioner: Mrs. Deepak Sandhu (The first woman to get this post.)
Chairman of Staff Selection Commission (SSC): Mrs. Amitva Bhattacharya
Director-General, Indian Council of Medical Research: Dr. Vishwa Mohan Katoch
Registrar-General of India and Census Commissioner: Mr. C. Chandramouli
Chairman, Law Commission: Mr. D. K. Jain
President, Indian National Academy of Engineering (INAE): Mr. Baldev Raj
Chairman, National Forest Commission: Mr. Justice (Retd.) B. N. Kirpal
Chairperson, National Dairy Development Board (NDDB): Mr. T. Nanda Kumar
Director-General, Border Roads Organisation: Lt. Gen. A. T. Parnaik
Governor, Reserve Bank of India: Mr. Raghuram Rajan
Chairman, Press Council of India: Justice Markandey Katju
Chairman, Audit Bureau of Circulations (ABC): Mr. Ravindra Pisharody

Chairperson, Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT): Mr. R. K. Tiwari

Chairman, Central Board of Excise & Customs: Mrs. J. M. Shanti Sudharam
Chairperson, Competition Appellate Tribunal: Justice Arijit Pasayat
Chairman, Central Administrative Tribunal: Justice Syed Rafat Alam
CMD, National Hydroelectric Power Corporation (NHPC): Mr. G. Sai Prasad
CMD, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC): Mr. R. S. Sharma
CMD, Gas Authority of India Ltd. (GAIL): Mr. B. C. Tripathi
Chairman, Indian Oil Corporation (IOC): Mr. S. Behuria
CMD, Oil India Ltd: Mr. Sunil Kumar Srivastava
Chairman, Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE): Mr. Vineet Joshi
Chairman, Securities & Exchange Board of India (SEBI): Mr. U. K. Sinha
Chairman, National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD): Mr. Harsha Kumar Bhanwala
Chairman, State Bank of India (SBI): Mrs. Arundhati Bhattachrya
Chairman, IDBI: Mr. M. S. Raghavan
Chairman, Company Law Board: Justice Dilip Raosaheb Deshmukh
Indias Permanent Representative to UN: Mr. Hardeep Singh Puri
Chairman, Life Insurance Corporation (LIC): Mr. S. K. Roy
Chairman, Central Water Commission: Mr. Ashvin Pandaya
Chairperson, National Commission for Women: Ms. Mamta Sharma
Chairman, 14th Finance Commission: Dr. Y. V. Reddy
Chairman, National Statistical Commission: Prof. Pronob Sen
Chairperson, Central Board of Film Certification: Ms. Leela Samson
Director-General, Archaeological Survey of India: Mr. Rakesh Tiwari
President, Federation of Indian Chambrs of Commerce and Industry (FICCI): Mr. Siddharth Birla
Chairman, Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI): Mr. Rahul Khullar
Director, Enforcement Directorate: Mr. Ranjan Katoch
Chairman, Pension Fund Regulatory & Development Authority(PFRDA): Mr. R. V. Verma
Central Vigilance Commissioner (CVC): Mr. Pradeep Kumar
Director, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC): Dr. Shekhar Basu

President, Indian Olympic Association: Mr. N. Ramchandran

Director, National Council Of Educational Research and Training (NCERT): Prof. P. Sinclair
President, Confederation of Indian Industry (CII): Mr. S. Gopalakrishanan
Chairman, National Knowledge Commission: Mr. Sam Pitroda
Chairperson, Prasar Bharti Board: Mr. Mrinal Pandey
CEO, Prasar Bharti Board: Mr. Jawahar Sircar
Chairman, Investment Commission: Mr. Ratan Tata
President, Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI): Mr. Shivlal Yadav
Chairman, NASSCOM: Mr. R. Chandrasekran
Chairman, National Film Development Corporation (NFDC): Mr. Ramesh Sippy
Chairman, United News of India: Mr. P.K. Maheshwari
Chairman, Press Trust of India (PTI): Mr. K. N. Shanthkumar
President, Indian Newspaper Society (INS): Mr. Ravindra Kumar
President, The Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM): Mr. Rana Kapo

Banking System in India

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The Reserve Bank of India was established on 1st April, 1935 and it was nationalized on 1st January,
1949.

The Finance Ministry issue Currency notes and coins of rupee one all other Currency Notes are issued
by the Reserve Bank of India.

The first bank of limited liability managed by Indians was Oudh Commercial bank founded in 1881.
Subsequently, Punjab National Bank was established in 1894.

Swadeshi movement, which began in 1906, encouraged the formation of a number of Commercial
banks.

The Banking companies Act was passed in February 1949, which was subsequently amended to read as
banking Regulation Act, 1949.

Commercial banks mobilise saving in urban areas and make them available to large and small industrial
and trading units mainly for working capital requirements.

Commercial banking system in India consisted of 298 scheduled commercial banks (Including foreign
banks).

Of the scheduled commercial banks, 224 are in public sector of which 196 are regional rural banks
(RRBs) and these account for about 77.9% of the deposits of all scheduled commercial banks.

Commercial banks are broadly classified into nationalised or Public sector banks and private sector
banks, with a few foreign banks. The Public sector banks account for more than 92% of the entire banking
business in India- Occupying a dominant position in the commercial another 20 banks are the Public sector
banks.

Oudh Commercial Bank was the first complete Commercial Bank of India.

The Imperial Bank was established in the year 1921 by merging there main presidency Banks.

The largest bank-imperial Bank was nationalised in 1955 on recommendation of Gorewala Committee
and rechristened as state Bank of India.

In 1959, 7 regional banks were nationalised and given the status of Associate Banks of State Bank of
India.

On 19th July, 1969, 14 big commercial banks with deposits worth rs.50 crores or more and on 15th April,
1980, six other scheduled banks were nationalised, bringing total number of nationalised banks to 27
(19+SBI+7 SBI Associates).

Before the merger of New Bank of India in Punjab National Bank (in 1993) the total number of
nationalised banks was 28 ( 8 SBI & Associates+14+6).

Lead Bank Scheme

After the nationalisation of 14 banks the Lead Bank Scheme of the RBI was adopted in 1969 for branch
expansion programme of banks.

Under the scheme, all the nationalised banks and there private banks were allotted specific distracts
where they were asked to take the lead in surveying the scope of banking development particularly expansion
of credit facilities.

Banking Reforms

On the recommendation of Narsimhan Committee, a number of steps are taken to improve functioning of
banking sector. SLR and CRR are reduced.

Banks given freedom to open new branches. Rapid computerization of banks being undertaken.
Banking ombudsmen Scheme stared functioning to expedite inexpensive resolution of customers
Complaints.

Scheduled and Non-scheduled Banks:

The scheduled banks are those which are entered in the second Schedule of the RBI Act, 1934. These
banks have a paid-up capital and reserves of an aggregate value of not less than Rs.5 Lakhs and satisfy the
RBI that their affairs are carried out in the interest of their depositors.

All commercial banks (Indian and foreign), regional rural banks and state co-operative banks are
scheduled banks. Non scheduled banks are those which are not included in the second scheduled banks
1934. At president there is only one such bank in the country.

Regional Rural Banks

The regional rural Banks (RRBs) , the newest from of banks, have come into existence since idle of
1970s (sponsored by individual nationalised commercial banks ) with the objective of developing rural
economy by providing credit and deposit facilities for agriculture and other productive of all kinds in rural
areas.

The emphasis is on providing such facilities to small and marginal farmers, agriculture labourers, rural
artisans and other small entrepreneurs in rural areas.

Co-operative Banks

Co-operative Banks are so called because they are organised under the provisions of the Co-operative
credit Societies law of the states. The major beneficiary of the Co-operative Banking is the agricultural sector
in particular and the rural sector in general. The first such bank was established in 1904.

The Co-operative credit institution operative in the country are mainly of two kinds : agricultural
(Dominant) and non-agricultural.

At the apex s the state Co-operative Bank (SCB) (Co-operative being a state subject in India ), at the
intermediate (district) level are the Central Co-operative Banks (CCBS), and at the village level are the
Agricultural Credit Societies (PACs); Long-term agricultural credit is provided by the land development Banks.

Approximately 91% of total credit of banks is controlled by the banks of public sectors.

In public sector banks, the state Bank of India group is the biggest, which controls 29% of total credits.

First Regional Rural Bank was established on 2nd October, 1975.

In the year 1991, Narsimhan Committee was constituted to advice in the issue of reconstruction of
banking system.

Development Banks : Main functions: Development of housing finance in the country.

Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI), established in 1964. Main functions: Providing finance to
large and medium scale industrial units.

Industrial Finance Corporation of India (IFCI), established in 1948. Main functions; (a) Project Finance
(b) Promotional services.

Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation in Indian and foreign currencies; Underwriting of issues of
shares and debentures.

Small industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI), established in 1989. Main function : providing
assistance to small scale industries through state finance corporation, state industrial development
corporations, commercial banks etc.

Expert- Import Bank India (Exim. Bank) was established in 1982. Main functions: Coordinating the
working of institution engaged in financing export and import trade, Financing exports and imports.

National Housing Bank (NHB) started operations in 1988.

NABARD was established in 1982: Main function: to serve as an apex refinancing agency for institutions engaged in
providing agricultural finance to develop credit delivery system to coordinate rural financing activities.
Insurance:

The basic concept of insurance is of spreading the loss of a few over many. Insurance industry includes
two sectors-Life Insurance and general Insurance. Life Insurance in India was introduced by Britishers. A
British firm in 1818 established the Oriental Life Insurance Company at Calcutta now Kolkata.

Life insurance Corporation (LIC) was established in September 1956. General Insurance Corporation
(GIC) was established in November 1972.

Indian Insurance sector has low penetration particularly in rural areas. It also has low turnover and
profitability despite high premium rate. The committee on Insurance Sector reforms was set-up in 1993 under
the chairmanship of R.N. Malhotra which submitted its report in 1994.

Malhotra Committee recommended entry of the private sector in insurance sector. It also suggested
entry of foreign insurance companies on selective basic. All the four associate companies of GIC should be
granted permission to perform their business independently.

Insurance Regultory Authority (IRA) should be established on the lines of SEBI and IRA should be
granted complete functional autonomy.

List of Banks in India (with website)

Allahabad Bank

Andhra Bank

Bank of Baroda

Bank of India

Bank of Maharashtra

Canara Bank

Central Bank of India

Corporation Bank

Dena Bank

Indian Bank

Indian Overseas Bank

Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI) Ltd

Oriental Bank of Commerce

Punjab and Sind Bank

Punjab National Bank

Syndicate Bank

State Bank of India

State Bank of Bikaner and Jaipur

State Bank of Hyderabad

State Bank of Mysore

State Bank of Patiala

State Bank of Saurashtra

State Bank of Travancore

UCO Bank

Union Bank of India

United Bank of India

Vijaya Bank

Name

Tenure

Shri Narendra Modi

May 26, 2014 till date

Dr. Manmohan Singh

May 22, 2004 May 21, 2014

Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee

March 19, 1998 May 22, 2004

Shri Inder Kumar Gujral

April 21, 1997 March 19, 1998

Shri H. D. Deve Gowda

June 1, 1996 April 21, 1997

Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee

May 16, 1996 June 1, 1996

Shri P. V. Narasimha Rao

June 21, 1991- May 16, 1996

Shri Chandra Shekhar

November 10, 1990 June 21, 1991

Shri Vishwanath Pratap Singh

December 2, 1989 November 10, 1990

Shri Rajiv Gandhi

October 31, 1984 December 2, 1989

Mrs. Indira Gandhi

January 14, 1980 October 31, 1984

Shri Charan Singh

July 28, 1979 January 14, 1980

Shri Morarji Desai

March 24, 1977 July 28, 1979

Mrs. Indira Gandhi

January 24, 1966 March 24, 1977

Shri Gulzari Lal Nanda

January 11, 1966 January 24, 1966

Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri

June 9, 1964 January 11, 1966

Shri Gulzari Lal Nanda

May 27, 1964 June 9, 1964

Shri Jawaharlal Nehru

August 15, 1947 May 27, 1964

A.V.E.S. : Acute Viral Encephalitic Syndrome.

B.C.T.T. : Bank Cash Transaction Tex.

B.C.S.B.I.: Banking Codes and Standard Board Of India.

C.I.C : Central Information Commission.

C.S.T.O : Collective Security Treaty Organisation.

CNLU : Chanakya National Law University .

D.I.I : Domestic Institutional Investor

DTH : Direct To Home

E.C.G.C : Export Credit Guarantee Corporation.

F.D.I : Foreign Direct Investment.

F.I.I : Foreign Institutional Investor.

GUAM : Georgia, Ukraine, Azebaijan and Moldova.

GAGAN : GPS Aided Geo-Augmented Navigation.

I.M.O. : Instant Money Order.

IBSA : India, Brazil, South Africa

M.R.O : Mars Recconnaissance Orbiter.

N.A.D.T : National Authority On Drugs and Therapeutics.

N.C.C.E : National Council for Clinnical Establishments.

N.E.I.A : National Export Insurance Account.

N.M.D.P : National Maritime Development Programme.

N.R.E.G.A : National Rural Employment Guarantee Act.

N.J.C : National Judicial Council.

O.C.I : Overseas Citizen of India.

PURA : Providing Urban Amenities in Rural Areas.

P.H.F.I. : Public Health Foundation of India.

R.L.D.A : Railway Land Development Authority.

SCRAMJET: Supersonic Combustion Ramjet.

SIM : Subscriber Identification Module.

I.T.G.I : IFFCO Tokio General Insurance.

IITF : India International Trade Fair.

IAEA : International Atomic Energy Agency

H.P.A.I : Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza.

N.C.H : National Consumer Influenze.

S.P.A : Seven Party Alliance.

VAT : Value Added Tex.

QIB : Qualified Institutional Buyer.

QIP : Qualified Institutional Placement.

RTA : Railway Territorial Army.

RTC : Round Table Conference.

RTG : Radio-isotope Thermo-electric Generator.

SWIFT : Society for World-wide International Financial Transactions.

SWOT : Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats.

SYL : Sutlej- Yamuna Link (Canal).

YWCA : Young Womens Christian Association.

ZSI : Zoological Survey of India.

ZUPO : Zimbabwe United Peoples Organisation.

ESOP : Employee Stock Option

PRP : Performance Related Payment

ICA : Irrigated Crop Area

FEMA : Foreign Exchange Management Act

RFID : Radio Frequency Identification

PERDA : Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority

RED : Result Framework Document

TERM : Telecom Enforcement, Resource and Monitoring

OGL : Open General Licence

IMB : International Maritime Bureau

States (Established on)

Capitals

Area (km2)

Official Languages

Arunachal Prades (20-02-87)

Itanagar

83,743

English

Assam (15-08-47)

Dispur

78,550

Assamese, Bodo, Karbi

Bihar (22-03-56)

Patna

99,200

Hindi, Urdu, Maithili, Magadhi

Chhatishgarh (01-11-2000)

Raipur

135,194

Chhattishgarhi, Hindi

Goa (30-05-87)

Pannji

3,702

Konkani

Gujraat (01-05-60)

Gandhinagar

196,024

Gujarati, Hindi, English

Haryana (01-11-66)

Chandigarh

44,212

Haryanvi, Hindi

Himachal Pradesh(25-01-71)

Shimla

55,673

Hindi

Jammu & Kashmir (26-10-47)

Srinagar/Jammu

222,236

Urdu, Kashmiri, Dogri

Jharkhand (15-11-2000)

Ranchi

74,677

Hindi

Karnataka (01-11-56)

Bangalore

191,791

Kannada

Kerala (01-11-56)

Thiruvananthapura
m

38,863

Malayalam,English

Madhya Pradesh (01-11-56)

Bhopal

308,252

Hindi

Maharashtra (01-05-60)

Mumbai

307,713

Marathi

Manipur (21-01-72)

Imphal

22,347

Manipuri

Meghalaya (21-01-72)

Shillong

22,720

Khasi, Pnar, Garo, Hindi,

English

Mizoram (20-02-87)

Aizawal

21,081

Mizo

Nagaland (01-12-63)

Kohima

16,579

English

Odisha (01-04-36)

Bhubaneshwar

155,820

Oriya

Punjab (01-11-66)

Chandigarh

50,362

Punjabi, Hindi

Rajasthan (30-03-56)

Jaipur

342,269

Hindi

Residuary Andhra Pradesh (0111-56)

Hyderabad

160,205

Telugu, Urdu, English

Sikkim (26-04-75)

Gangtok

7,096

Nepali, Bhutia, Lepcha,

Limbu

Tamilnadu (26-01-50)

Chennai

130,058

Tamil

Telangana (01-06-2014)

Hyderabad

114,840

Telugu, Urdu, English

Tripura (21-01-72)

Agartala

10,491.69

Tripuri, Bengali

Uttarakhand (09-11-2000)

Dehradun

53,566

Hindi, Sanskrit

Uttar Pradesh (01-11-56)

Lucknow

243,286

Hindi, Urdu

West Bengal (01-11-56)

Kolkata

88,752

Bengali, English

Union Territories

Capitals

Area (km2)

Official Languages

Andaman & Nicobar Islands (0111-56)

Port Blair

8,250

Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, English

Chandigarh

Chandigarh

114

Hindi, English, Punjabi

Dadar & Nagar Haveli (11-8-61)

Silvassa

487

Hindi, Gujarati, English

Delhi (12-12-1911/01-11-56)

Delhi

1,483

Hindi, Punjabi

Daman and Diu

Daman

112

Marathi, Gujarati, English,

Hindi

(30-05-87)

Lakshadweep

(10-11-56)

Kavaratti

32

Malayalam, English

Pudducherry

(01-07-63)

Pudducherry

492

French, Tamil, Telugu,

Malayalam

The United Nations (UN) Agencies plays a leading role in providing development and humanitarian assistance,
including as a first-responder to natural disasters and complex emergencies. There are some important U.N.
Agencies exists that are dedicated to work for human assistance and their development. Some of the main activities
and their purpose are:

To improve conditions and living standard of workers.

Attainment of highest possible level of heath by all people.

To promote peaceful uses of atomic energy.

To Promote collaboration among nations through education, science and culture.

Promotes international monetary cooperation.

To improve living condition of rural population.

And there are more more activities they do for only humans and nature. Let see some details below. Here are the list
of important U.N. Agencies. This post will described all of the details like Name of agency, Year of the Established,
Head Quarter of U.N. Agencies, and their purpose to be active.

Name of Agency

Estd.
In

Headquarter
s

Purpose

International Labour
Organization (ILO)

1919

Geneva

To improve conditions and

living standard of workers.

World Health Organization

(WHO)

1948

Geneva

Attainment of highest
possible level of heath by
all people.

United Nations
Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization
(UNESCO)

1946

Paris

To Promote collaboration
among nations through
education, science and
culture.

To promote peaceful uses

of atomic energy.

International Atomic
Energy Agency (IAEA)

1957

Vienna

United Nations
International Childrens
Emergency Fund
(UNICEF)

1946

New York

To promote childrens
welfare all over the world.

United Nations High

Commissioner for
Refugees (UNHCR)

1950

Geneva

To provide protection to
refugees.

United Nations Fund for

Population Activities
(UNFPA)

1967

New York

For formulating population

policies.

Geneva
Switzerland

To encourage creative
activity, to promote the
protection of intellectual
property throughout the
world.

Rome

For financing agricultural

projects in the world to
raise the economic growth.

United Nations Conference 1964

on Trade and Development
(UNCTAD)

Geneva

Promotes international
trade to accelerate
economic growth of
developing countries.

International Civil Aviation 1947

Organization (ICAO)

Montreal

Promotes safety of
international aviation.

International Monetary
Fund (IMF)

1945

Washington
D.C.

Promotes international
monetary cooperation.

1956

Washington

Promotes economic

World Intellectual Property July

Organisation (WIPO)
14,
1967

International Fund for

Agricultural Development

International Finance
Corporation (IFC)

1977

D.C.

development by
encouraging private
enterprise in its member
countries.

Universal Postal Union

(UPU)

1947

Berne

Improve various postal

services in the world.

United Nations
Environmental Programme
(UNEP)

1972

Nairobi

Promotes international cooperation in human

environment.

United Nations Industrial

Development Organization
(UNIDO)

1967

Geneva

Sets international
regulations for radio,
telegraph, and telephone
and space radio
communication.

Food and Agricultural

Organization (FAO)

1945

Rome

To improve living condition

of rural population.

International Bank for

Reconstruction and
Development (IBRD)

1945

Washington
D.C.

Development of economic
of members by facilitating
investment of capitals by
providing loans.

World Meteorological
Organization (WMO)

1950

Geneva

Promote international
exchange of weather
reports.

World Trade Organization

(WTO)

1995

Geneva

Setting rules for world

trade to reduce tariffs.

United Nations
Development Programme
(UNDP)

New York

Inter Government maritime 1958

London

Help developing countries

increase the wealth
producing capabilities o
their natural and human
resources.
Promotes co-operation on

Consultative Organization
(IMCO), Now it is known
as International Maritime
Organization (IMO)

technical matters of
maritime safety, navigation
and encourages antipollution measures.

International Development
Association (IDA)

1960

Washington
D.C.

An affiliate of the World

Bank, aims to help underdeveloped countries raise
living standards.

International Telecommunication Union

(ITU)

1947

Geneva

Sets international
regulations for radio
telegraph, telephone and
space radio
communications.

United Nations Institute

for Training and Research
(UNITAR)

1965

New York

Provides training and

research to help facilitate
UN objectives of world
peace and security and of
economic and social
progress.

United Nations Relief and

Work for Palestine
Refugees (UNRWA)

1949

New York

Provides basic amenities

and education for the
victims of Arab-Israel War.

United Nations Fund for

Population Activities
(UNFPA)

1967

New York

Studying population
dynamics, collecting
population data,
formulating and evolving
population policies, family
planning and related
programmes

Tax System in India

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A compulsory contribution given by a citizen or organisation to the Government is called Tax, which is used for
meeting expenses on welfare work. Tax imposing and Tax collecting is at three levels in India-Central level State level
and Local level.The distribution of tax between Centre and State has been clearly mentioned in the provision of India
Constitution. For rationalising it from time to time, Finance Commission has been constituted.
Important Taxes imposed in India:
Tax on income and Wealth the central government impose different types of tax on income and wealth, viz.
Income, corporate tax, wealth tax and gift tax. Out of which income tax and corporate tax are more important from the
revenue point of view.
Personal income Tax personal income tax is generally imposed on an individual combined Hindu families and total
income of people of any other communities.
Corporate Tax- Corporate tax is imposed on Registered Companies and Corporations. The rate of corporate tax on
all companies is equal. However, various types of rebates and exemption have been provided.
Custom Duties As per the Constitutional provision, the central Government imposes import duty and export duty
both. Import and Export duties are not only source of income but with the help of it the central government regulates
the foreign trade.
Import Duties- Generally import duties are ad-velorem in India. It means import duties are imposed on the taxable
item on percentage basis.
Export Duties Export duties are more important, compared to import duties in terms of revenue and regulation of
foreign trade.
Excise Duties Excise duties are commodity tax as it is imposed on production of an item and it has no relevance
with its sale. This is the largest of an item and it has no Central Government.
Types of Tax:
Direct tax

Income tax, Property tax, Gift tax etc.

Indirect tax

Sales tax, Excise duty, Custom Duty etc.

Taxes imposed by the central Government.

Income tax, Corporate tax, Property tax,

Succession tax, wealth tax, gift tax, Custom
duty , Tax on agricultural wealth etc.

Taxes imposed by the state Government.

Land revenue tax, agricultural income tax,

Agriculture Land revenue, state excise duty,
Entertainment tax, stamp duty, Road tax, Motor
Vehicle tax etc.

Emergency Provision in India

September 14, 2009 Suresh All Related to India, 0

President can make proclamation of emergency under Art.352 in case of war, external aggression,
armed rebellion or threat thereof only on recommendation of the cabinet.

Every such proclamation must be laid before parliament and it ceases to be in operation unless it is
approved by resolution of booth houses of parliament with special majority within one month from the date of
its issue.

The proclamation gets a fresh lease of 6 month from the date it is approved by both Houses of
parliament.

Proclamation of emergency under art.352 can be made in respect of whole of India or only a part
thereof.

During proclamation of emergency the union can give direction to any State regarding exercise of the
executive power.

During emergency Parliament can extend the normal life of the Lok Sabha for one year at a time not
exceeding 6 months after the proclamation has ceased to operate.

Normal life of Lok Sabha was extended only once in 1976.

During emergency, parliament can legislate cam modify the provisions of the Constitution relating to the
allocation to the allocation of financial resources between the Union and the states by his own order. Such
order is subject to approval by proclamation itself ceases to operate.

Effects of emergency on fundamental rights are as follows.

Art. 358 provides that the rights provided by art. 19, would be non-existent against the state during
emergency.

Under Art. 359, the right to move the court for the enforcement of the rights can be suspended by, order
of the president.

Articles 20 and 21 cannot be suspended during emergency.

The first proclamation of emergency under art. 352 was made by the president on October 26, 1962
because of Chinese aggression in NEFA.

For the first time on June 25, 1975 proclamation of emergency under art. 352 was made on the ground
of internal disturbance.

A proclamation of emergency for failure of constitutional machinery can be made by the president when
the constitutional Government of state cannot be carried on for reasons.

During emergency under Art. 352, the centre does not get power to suspend the state Government.
In cases of failure of the Constitutional machinery, the state legislature is suspended and the executive
authority of the state is assumed by the president in whole or in part. This is popularly called the presidents
rule.

Under a proclamation of emergency under Art. 352, Parliament can legislate in respect of state subjects
only by itself; but under a proclamation under Art. 356 of the other kind kind, it can delegate its power to
legislature for the state, to the president or any other authority specified by him.

Proclamation of emergency for failure of constitutional machinery can be extended by parliament upto
three years.