UNIVERSITY OF EL SALVADOR SCHOOL OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS ENGLISH I COURSE

TEACHER: ANGELICA LPEZ

CHAPTER: 5 INTERNATIONAL CONFLICTS
TYPES OF WAR
WAR TYPE

WAR
EXAMPLES

PERIOD
OF TIME

HEGEMONIC
WAR

World War I

1914-1918

TOTAL WAR

World War II

1939-1945

ACTORS
INVOLVED

States,
INGO's, NGO's

States,
INGO's,

CAUSES

EFFECTS

Among the causes were

political,
territorial
and
economic conflicts among
the great European powers
in the four decades leading
up to the war. Additional
causes were militarism, a
complex web of alliances,
imperialism,
and
nationalism.

Was the drastic political,

cultural, and social change
across Europe, Asia, Africa,
and even in areas outside
those
that
were
directly
involved.
Four
empires
collapsed due to the war, old
countries were abolished, new
ones were formed, boundaries
were redrawn, international
organizations
were
established, and many new
and old ideologies took a firm
hold in people's minds. Also
had the effect of bringing
political
transformation
to
Germany and the United
Kingdom by bringing nearuniversal suffrage.

Among the main long-term, The rise of two superpowers;

were the rise of Italian the Soviet Union (USSR) and

fascism in the 1920s,

Japanese militarism and
invasions of China in the
1930s, and especially the
takeover
in
1933
of
Germany by Adolf Hitler
and his Nazis.

the United States of America

(US) creating a bipolar world.
The two powers but was
focused on espionage, political
subversion and proxy wars.
Western Europe and Japan
were rebuilt through the
American Marshall Plan. The
world was divided into an USled Western Bloc and a Sovietled Eastern Bloc with some
nations trying to stay out of
the Cold War through the NonAligned Movement. The Cold
War also saw a nuclear arms
race.

The causes of the war

actually started when Iraq
was at war with Iran. During
this war Iran was not only
attacking Iraq but also
attacking oil tankers from
Kuwait at sea too. To
support the ending of the
war Kuwait financially aided
Iraq by lending the country
14 Billion US Dollars.

The Gulf War was the most

successful military campaign
in
American
history.
The
conflict
demonstrated
American
power
and
reaffirmed the international
communitys
consensus
against offensive war. It also
place stiff sanctions on Iraq
and
demanded
strict
inspection
guidelines
on
Husseins weapons programs.
The international community
reaffirmed its opposition to
offensive war and the United

NGO's, Public
Opinion

LIMITED WAR

Gulf War

1990-1991

States,
INGO's,
NGO's, Public
Opinion

CIVIL WAR

GUERRILLA
WAR

The Civil War

1980-1992
in El Salvador

Cuban
Revolution

1953-1959

El Salvador had been under

military control since 1931.
They did not prove to be
successful
because
the
economic sphere did not
States,
improve.
The
elections
INGO's,
where always fraudulent.
NGO's, Public Also 41% of the population
Opinion
owned no land.

States,
In the 50's Baptista proved
INGO's, NGO's far more dictatorial and
indifferent
to
popular
concerns.
While
Cuba
remained plagued by high
unemployment and limited
water infrastructure, Batista
antagonized the population
forming lucrative links to
organized
crime
and
allowing
American
companies to dominate the
Cuban economy.

States emerged as the worlds

leading power.
The peace process set up
under
the
Chapultepec
Accords was monitored by the
United Nations from 1991 until
June 1997 when it closed its
special monitoring mission in
El Salvador. Also had a political
transformation by bringing
near-universal suffrage. And
the constitution was amended
to prohibit the military from
playing an internal security
role, the new civilian police
force, created to replace it.
During its first decade in
power, the Castro government
introduced a wide range of
progressive social reforms.
Laws were introduced to
provide equality for black
Cubans and greater rights for
women, while there were
attempts
to
improve
communications,
medical
facilities, health, housing, and
education.
The
Cuban
Revolution was a crucial
turning point in U.S.-Cuban
relations. Between 1959 and
1980, 500,000 Cubans left for

the United States.

DATE: MONDAY JUNE 8TH, 2015

THEORY GROUP: 02
AUTHOR: ASCENCIO AYALA, ALEXANDER ANTONIO
ID: AA08041